写作教程第二册答案.ppt

Unit1 Follow upexercises Writeafocusedtopicsentenceforthefollowingsubject LookingforjobsApersoncanlookforajobinseveralways PenguinsPenguinsresemblehumanbeingsinmanyrespects PersonalityOne spersonalityplaysanimportantroleinforeignlanguagelearning WeatherLivinginaplacewheretheweatherisalwayswarmhasmanyadvantages 4 ParagraphIAllinventionsareeitherbasicinventionsorimprovementsonearlierinventions Paragraph2Therewasaseriousaccidentinthechemistrylabyesterday Paragraph3Nutritionaldeficiencyisamajorproblemoftheelderly 5 Paragraph1Theworldhasenjoyedmanybenefitsfromtheinventionoftelephone Paragraph2Ihadaterriblemorningtoday 6 Topicsentence 5 7 4 1 6 9 8 3 2 7 1 Firstofall2 Secondly3 Byandby4 Inaddition5 Inshort 8 Severaltechniqueshavebeenusedtoachievecoherence l Repetitionofkeywords junkfood students asareunderlined 2 Useoftransitionalsignals Foronereason Also Asaresult however asareitalicized 3 Useofpronouns they their this asareboldfaced Unit2FOLLOW UPEXERCISES 3 WhenIwasachild wenevervariedourChristmasEveritual Wealwaysbeganourprivatecelebrationpromptlyat6p m onDecember24whenthewholefamilyassembledinoursmallkitchen WewatchedasMotherandmyoldersisterpreparedalightsupper Assoonaswefinishedthemeal werushedintothelivingroomtodecoratethetree Theyoungerchildrenstartedthedecoratingbyputtingtinselandcolorful ballsonthebranchesnearthebaseofthetree Meanwhile thetwoolderchildrenwereplacingornamentsonthehigherbranches Finally ourparentscompletedthedecoratingbyplacingabeautifulgolden hairedangelattheverytopofthetree Afterwefinishedthetree wehurriedlydressedandwalkeddownthestreettoMidnightMass Aswelistenedtotheservice werememberedthereasonwecelebratedChristmas ThenwereturnedhomewhereweatesomeofMother sChristmasgoodies WealwaysendedourChristmasEveritualaround2a m bygatheringaroundthetreeandsinging SilentNight 4 Logicalsequenceofthesentences 4 10 5 12 3 7 15 9 14 2 11 8 13 6 1Topicsentence Myfamilyspenttwofun filleddaysatDisneyWorldlastyear Concludingsentence Althoughwewereverytiredatmidnight weagreedthatourtwo dayvacationatDisneyWorldwasoneofthebestwehadeverhad 5 1 Then 2 morning 3 afternoon 4 Then 5 Afterthat 6 when 7 already 8 after 6 SampleparagraphTheNewYearcelebrationwassounforgettableformewhenIwasachild WeeksbeforetheNewYear sDay mymotherwouldletmehelphersendoutNewYear scardsandgoshoppingwithher Inthecrowdedmarkets1boughtfirecrackers likealltheotherkids Then beginningonNewYear sEve thesoundofexplodingfirecrackerswaseverywhere dayandnight OnNewYear sDay Iwatchedhugeparadesgobyinthemiddleofthestreets Peoplewearingcostumesdancedpastus Someofthemwereplayinginstruments somewerehavingliondances anddragondances Afterwards weworshipedourancestorsinatempleandvisitedfriendsandrelativestowishthemHappyNewYear Unit3FOLLOW UPEXERCISES 3 Logicalsequenceofthesentences 3 6 1 4 7 5 2Relationship Primarily theorganizationoftheparagraphrepresentsmovementingeographicalspace 4 l Standingintheburned outshellofmylivingroomwasashockingexperience Abovemyheadwerecharredbeams allthatremainedofourceiling Infrontofme whereourtelevisionandstereohadoncestood weretwistedpiecesofmetalandchunksofblackenedglass Strangely someitemsseemedlittledamagedbythefire Forexample IcouldseetheTVtunerknobandadustyCDundertherubble IwalkedthroughtheashesuntilIcametowhatwasleftofoursofa Behindthesofahadbeenawalloffamilyphotographs Now thewallandthepicturesweregone Ifoundonlyawater loggedscrapofmyweddingpicture 2 Thecentralfocusis ashockingexperience Tosupportthemainidea thewriterusesalotofdescriptionsandorganizesthesedetailsaccordingtothespacerelationship andthuscoherenceisachieved 5 1 into 2 crosses 3 Inthecenterof 4 Outside 5 inside 6 Onthefront 7 over 8 down 9 linedwith 10 Attherear 6 Thisparagraphisdevelopedinacircularorder i e fromeasttonorth andthentosouth Youareencouragedtodescribethehouseusingotherwaysofarrangement Unit4FOLLOW UPEXERCISES Lookateachother sparagraphontheproceduresofcompletingsomehouseworkinpairs commentoneachother swriting usingwhatyouhavelearnedinthisunit 3 Pattern descriptionwithsupplementaryexplanations 4 with 2 while 3 slowly 4 Gradually 5 With 6 Bythistime 7 Suddenly 8 final 9 ending 10 applause 5 Task1 Linkingwordsandphrasesthatconnecttheseprocedures firstly also afterward Then signalstheend 6 AccordingtotheChineselunarcalendar the15thdayoftheeighthlunarmonthisthedayfortheMid AutumnFestival andthedayusuallyfallsononeofthedaysinthelatterhalfofSeptember Forthisoccasionpeopleneedtobuymooncakesinadvance Andwhenthateveningcomeswithafullmoonrising Chinesefamiliesbegintohaveabigdinnertogether Thefamilymembersenjoymanydelicacies includingsweetorsaltymooncakesaswellassome specialfoodliketarosandyoungsoyabeans Forthosewhoareabsentfromthefamily mooncakeshavealreadybeensenttothemdaysbefore Whenthefamilyenjoyallofthese theywilllookupatthefullmoon chattingormissingtheirfarawayrelativesorfriends Forthem thefullmoonsymbolizes reunion SuchfeelingsandscenesarefullyexpressedbyaChinesesaying themoonathomeisexceptionallybrighter Unit5FOLLOW UPEXERCISES TheoutlineforParagraphB Topicsentence WorkinginanappleplantwastheworstjobIeverhad Examples I Firstofall theworkwasphysicallyhard Specificdetails l Fortenhoursanightitookcartonsthatrolleddownametaltrackandstackedthemontowoodenskidsinatractortrailer 2 Eachcartoncontainedtwelve32 ouncecansorbottlesofapplejuice andtheywereheavy 2 Thesecondbadfeatureofthejobwasthepay Specificdetails Iwasgettingtheminimumwageatthattime 1 25anhour plusaminimumofanickelextraforworkingthenightshift 3 Theworstfeatureoftheappleplantjobwastheworkingconditions Specificdetails 1 Duringworkwewerelimitedtotwo10 minutebreaksandanunpaidhalf hourforlunch 2 Thesteelfloorsofthetruckswerelikeice thequicklypenetratingcoldmademyfeetfeellikestone Concludingsentence Ifelthumiliatedbythepovertythatforcedmetodosuchabitterjob 4 Logicalsequenceofthesentences 3 6 1 8 2 4 7 5Pattern ItfollowsPatternlandusesmanyexamplestoillustratethecontrollingidea 5 l Forexample 2 Furthermore 3 Instillanotherinstance 4 Even 5 his 6 these 7 contemporary 6 Examples2 3and5arerelevantandspecific They reeffectiveexamplesthatcanbeused Examples1and7arenotspecific thoughtrelevant Examples4and6arecompletelyirrelevant Theydon t refertoaMassachusettslaw 7 1 I veneverseenagirlaslazyasArena 2 EnglishteachersareapplyingdifferentmeanstoteachtheEnglishlanguage 3 Americanshavebeendecreasingtheirworkinghourssinceearly19 0s 4 Myfatherhasbeenagenerousmantohischildren Unit6FOLLOW UPEXERCISES 3 Subject Class CharacteristicsRepublic aformofgovernmentinwhichpowerresidesinthepeople theelectorate Wolf alarge dog likecarnivorousmammalwithyellowishorbrownishgrayandcoarsefur erectpointedears andabushytail Jazz astyleofmusicthatfeaturesimprovisationandperformancePersistence akindofqualitynotgivingupevenduringroughtimes 4 Improveddefinitions Astadiumisastructureorbuildinginwhichsportsspectacularsareheld Socialismisatheoryorsystemofcommunityorganizationthatadvocatesthevestingoftheownershipandcontrolofthemeansofproduction capital landandsoforth inthecommunityasawhole 3 Photosynthesisistheprocessbywhichplantsusetheenergyoflighttoproducecompounds suchassugarandstarch fromanumberofsubstancesincludingwaterandcarbondioxide 4 Surreptitiousmeans secret 5 Politicalconservativesarepeoplewhoarededicatedtopreservingtheexistingconditions suchasWilliamF Buckley Jr andPatRobertson 6 Hearingaidsareakindofdevicewhichenablesdeafpeopletohearsoundssuchasnormalspeech Unit7Follow upExercises Keytoexercises3 1 Pattern singleeffectandmultiplecauses2 CausesEffect gotdrunkattheparty hadtakenthedrugofBartJr ssuicideAccutane adolescentdepression 4 Logicalsequenceofthesentences 2 4 1 3 6 5Patternofcauseandeffect singleeffectandmultiplecauses 5 TaskOneTopic Societyitselfmaybeproducingthedistortionsofpersonality mentalillness andemotionalinstability PointsCausesEffect1society scompartmentalizing2 society scompetitivedemandsdistortionsofpersonality etc 3 inabilitytorebel 6 Pointsofcauseandeffect 1 Thelorryisontheleftofthemotorcyclist 2 Thecarisnottravelinginthesamedirection 3 adogisrunninginfrontofthecar 4 Awomanisrunningafterherchildwhoisholdingaball Unit8Follow upExercises Keytoexercises3 1 Topic UniversityStudents EntertainmentTopicsentence Universitystudents entertainmentcanbedividedintothreecategoriesaccordingtowhereittakesplace Division a entertainmentathomeb entertainmentoncampusc entertainmentelsewhere2 Topic RolesofYoungMarriedWomeninSocietyTopicsentence Theaverageyoungmarriedwomenintoday ssocietyhasherlifedividedintothreedifferentroles Division a theroleofwifeb theroleofmotherc theroleofself3 Topic NeighborsTopicsentence Neighborsfallintothreecategoriesaccordigntotheirdifferentattitudestowardsyou Division a thosewhoarefriendlyb thosewhoareindifferentc thosewhohateyou 4 1 Mattresses Queen twin firm doubleSinglebasis size2 Exercise Fatigue swimming gymnastics jogglingSinglebasis field3 Churches RomanCatholic Baptism Protestant OrthodoxSingleBasis branch 4 Vacation Seashore winter summer weekendsSinglebasis time 5 Logicalsequenceofthesentence 7 3 10 9 1 5 8 4 2 11 6Subject ChristmasgiftsTopicsentence Christmasgiftscanbedividedintothreegroups accordingtotheirafter Christmasfate Division thosethatarewelcomedandputintouseverysoonthosethatarehalfwaybetweenbeinghatedandlovedthosethatyoubanishassoonaspossible Concludingsentence ByNewYear sDay youhaveeitherused storedordisposedofeachofyourChristmasgifts 6 1 types2 Though3 Finally4 however5 Eventhough6 Before7 third8 If9 Then10 these Unit9Follow upExercises 3 Pattern point by point 4 Logicalsequenceofthesentences 5 3 6 2 4 8 7 1Patternofcomparisonandcontrast subjectbysubject5 similar although difference identical again while But difference consistencycompletely 5 1 similar2 although3 difference4 identical5 again6 while7 But8 difference9 consistencypletely 6 TaskOne Unit10Follow upExercises 3 Generalstatement Theenormousimportanceoftelevisionnewshadstartedtheprocessofchangeintheprintedpress 6 1 Thus2 When3 also4 however5 Moreover6 indeed7 also8 Yet9 and10 Thus Unit11Follow upExercises 3 Thedescriptioncentersononetraitofpersonality UncleAmos sbeingordinaryandaverageinlife 4 Fourmethodsused comparison 1 generalization 2 4 cause effect 3 Theonethatstandsoutisgeneralization Unit12Follow upExercises Readagaintheoriginalcompositionyouwroteongenerationgapandrewriteit Pleasepayattentiontotheorganizationalstructureofyourcomposition 3 Unit13Follow upExercises 3 sentencesthattell 1 3 6sentencesthatshow 2 4 65 Logicalsequenceofthesentence 8 3 7 1 5 9 13 2 6 12 4 11 10 Unit14 3 Conclusion Washington sdemeanorwasatalltimescomposedanddignified GeorgeWashingtonwasdignified lookingman GeorgeWashington sappearanceprojectedanairofcomposureanddignity 4 Thefollowingunderlinedsentencesdonotcontributetothecentralimpression Weusedtogosledridingdownitscurvinggardenpaths Oncemyfatherwantedtobuythehouseandfixitup Inniceweather weplayedpiratesandoutlawsinthelilacbushes Itwasthefavoriteplacetoplayinourneighborhood 5 Logicalsequenceofthesentences 32718564 6 1 cozy2 soft3 Ononesideof4 Nextto5 muted6 Ontheothersideof7 nap8 orange9 lighted10 sizzling 7 1 Thewireremploysthespatialorderinhisdescription Theopeningsentencepresentsanimageofbothendsofthetable withtherestofthedescriptionorganizedfromthesepointsinspace Sentence2showstheprogressionofobjectsfromtheendsofthetabletothecenter Sentence3focusesontheobjectsinthemiddleofthetable Thusthereadercanvisualizethesceneveryvividly 2 Theprepositionalphrasesoflocationanddirectionare Atoneendofthetable Attheotherendofthetable Onabedofcreasedpaper Rounditsshin Besidethis Betweentheserivalends Ionwhichlaybunchesofpurpleraisins OnwhichlayasolidrectangleofSmyrnafigs Inwhichstoodsometallcelerystalks inthecenterofthetable3 Theverbsusedareprimarilystaticverbs like tobe lay and stood whichreinforcethespatialpatternandcontributetothecentralimpression Theyareeffectiveforthepurposeasthepintofviewisthatofanobserverwhoisclosetothescenebeingdescribed 4 Unit15 3 paragraph1 Introduction thesisstatement Paragraph2 SupportingparagraphTopic discoveriesofmanufacturesExamples sugar foodsandcosmeticsParagraph3 SupportingparagraphTopic discoveriesofexperimentsExamples red blue yellow 4 1 Thethesisstatementisthefistsentenceinthefirstparagraph 2 thepurposeistoinform Methodsofdevelopment a processofcalciumcollectioninbonesoverlongtimes b scientificdeductionfromthechangeinbones c exampletosupportthethesis 3 Unity byintroducingthethesis information inthefistparagraph andexplainingthekeypointsinvolvedintheinformation i e whatcalciumandcalcium 9inbonesareandhowtheycomeintobeing andhowscientistscanmakeuseoftheminthesecondparagraph andfinallycitinganexampletoconfirmthetruthoftheinformation Coherence a byrepetitionofkeywords bones method calcium calcium 9 archaeologistsb byuseoftransitionalwordsandphrases while when because incomparisonto actually littlebylittle 5 1 confirmed2 findings3 than4 Whereas5 as6 if7 together8 leadto9 where10 adults 6 Purpose Toinformdriversthattheyshouldkeepthefour secondruleinsteadofthetwo secondruleonhighwaysinordertoavoidcollisionorpileups Topic1 Howcanadriverwhoisfollowingthetwo secondrulecauseachain reactioncollision 1 Mostmultiple carpileupsoccuratspeedsover55milesperhour 2 Theirdriversmayobservethefamoustwo secondrule 3 Thisrulemeanstokeeptwosecondsoftravelingtimebehindthevehicleahead Topic3 alsorestatement usethetwo secondruleforcitydrivingandthefour secondruleforhighways 1 Mostoftheslowingoccursoverthelasthalfofthestoppingdistance 2 Somepracticalexamplesaregiven 3 Forgreaterdetailsthereadermayrefertotheattachedtabletodeterminetherighttimeallowedtoavoidaccidents 7 However NewYork stemperatureatmidnightwasonedegreelowerthanRome s ThenoontemperatureinCairowas29 C onedegreehigherthanthatinAthensandHongKong ThetemperatureatmidnightinPariswas11 ClessthanthatatnooninParisyesterday AlthoughStockholm stemperatureatmidnightwasthesameasthetemperatureatmidnightinParis itsnoontemperaturewas14 C ThecoolestcitywasLondon withatemperatureofonly22 Catnoonand13 Catmidnight AlthoughthesundidnotshineatallinAthensandParis itdidnotrain either ItwasalsocloudyanddryinStockholm butitrainedheavilyinbothLongandHongKong Unit164 TaskOne1 However2 open3 too4 because5 asaresult6 Secondly7 unless8 even9 prolong10 delays11 benefits TaskTwoMainproposition Iamnotcompletelysatisfiedwiththefamilydoctorsystem Minorpropositions reasons 1 Doctors officehoursreinconvenient 2 Therearedelaysinseeingadoctor Solutions 1 toprolongdoctors surgeryhours2 fordoctorstosharepatients 5 1 Diseasesarenotcausedbyevilspiritsbutbyotherfactors 2 Theminorpropositionsare causesofdiseasearecongenital infectiousandnutritional 3 Themainexpositorymethodinthepassageiscauseandeffect 4 Useofpronouns some other Useofadverbialphrase aswell Repetitionofkeywords cause disease Useofsynonyms cause leadto giveriseto resultfrom