初中英语语法-非谓语动词.ppt

非谓语动词 初中英语语法 Theoldmenenjoy listen tothesingingofthebirdsinthepark 2 Mysisterisinterestedin inherfreetime A watchTVB readingbooksC listeningmusicD playsbasketball3 Letme help you water theflowers 4 Isawhim intothesmallstore A wentB goingC togoD hasgone5 Heisgoodat A singingB singC singsD tosing 热身练习 listening B B help water A 非谓语动词 1 谓语动词与非谓语动词 在句子中担任谓语的动词 叫做谓语动词 在句子中担任主语 宾语 表语 定语和状语等的动词 叫做非谓语动词 Weshouldservethepeopleheartandsoul Iamreadinganovel ShefoundEnglishhardtolearn Seeingisbelieving Pleasestopspeaking 谓语 谓语 状语 主语和表语 宾语 2 非谓语动词的特点 1 不能单独做谓语 但可和助动词或情态动词组成谓语 2 具有动词的特征 可以有自己的宾语或状语 ThePartycalledonustoservethepeople Thestudentsranoutoftheclassroom laughinghappily Shedoesn thaveanyEnglishbooks 非谓语动词分为三种形式 不定式 to 动词原形动名词 动词原形 ing分词 现在分词和过去分词 动词 doing介词 doing doing 动名词 只能接 ing作宾语的动词口诀 喜欢花费忙着想象忍不住想要结束练习错过建议保持介意值得考虑 喜欢花费忙着想象忍不住想要结束练习 enjoydoingsth 喜欢做某事spend doingsth 花费 做某事bebusydoingsth 忙于做 imaginesb doingsth 想象 做某事can thelpdoingsth 忍不住做某事feellikedoingsth 想要做某事finishdoingsth 完成做某事practicedoingsth 练习做某事 missdoingsth 错过做某事suggestdoingsth 建议做某事keep on doingsth 保持 继续 做某事minddoingsth 介意做某事beworthdoingsth 值得做某事considerdoingsth 考虑做某事 错过建议保持介意值得考虑 begoodatdoingsth擅长做某事beinterestedindoingsth 对做某事感兴趣beusedfordoingsth 被用来做某事thanksb fordoingsth 谢谢某人做某事betiredofdoingsth 厌烦做某事beafraidofdoingsth 害怕做某事 介词 doing putoffdoing推迟做某事stopsb fromdoingsth 阻止某人做某事giveupdoingsth 放弃做某事withoutdoingsth 没有做某事thinkaboutdoingsth 考虑做某事What Howaboutdoing做某事怎么样 此to非彼to lookforwardtodoingsth 盼望 payattentiontodoingsth 注意 beusedtodoingsth 习惯于 preferdoingsthtodoingsth 更喜欢 devotetodoingsth 致力于 makeacontributiontodoing 做贡献 小试牛刀 1 Nowmoreandmorepeoplearebusy abouttheInternet A learnB tolearnC learningD learned2 It stoohot Wouldyoumind thedoor Pleasedoit A toopen OKB opening CertainlynotC opening OfcourseD toopen Goodidea3 Nomatterhowharditis we llkeep untilwemakeit A failedB failingC triedD trying C B D 4 Areyouenjoying inNingbo Yes weare Verymuch A toliveB livingC livesD lived5 Wecouldn thelp laugh afterweheardthefunnystoryA tolaughB laughingC laughsD laughed B B 肯定式 todo否定式 nottodo省略to的 do 动词不定式 动词不定式 基本形式 to 动词原形 在某些情况下可以不带to 特点 A 没有人称和数的变化 C 有时态和语态的变化 被动语态的形式为tobe 动词过去分词 B 可以有自己的宾语和状语 动词不定式用法 A 作主语 如 Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy It snoteasytolearnaforeignlanguage 注意1 不定式短语作主语如果太长 常用it作形式主语 将不定式后置 注意2 不定式的逻辑主语 不定式不能单独做谓语 因此没有语法上的主语 但可以有意义上的逻辑主语 IpromisedTomtoplaywithhim Iaskedhimtoplaywithme toplay的逻辑主语是I toplay的逻辑主语是him 注意3 同一句型中不同介词的不同含义 Itis adj forsbtodosthItis adj ofsbtodosth for引出动作发出者 of引出adj修饰的对象 Itiseasyformetofinishthisworkbeforeten Itisagreathonorforustobepresentatyourbirthdayparty Itisverykindofyoutogivemesomehelp It simpoliteofyoutospeaktotheteacherlikethat 注意 常用在of句型中的adj有 kind good nice wise unwise clever foolish careless stupid naughty 淘气的 polite impolite silly brave honest noble right rude等 Youareverykindtogivemesomehelp youareimpolitetospeaktotheteacherlikethat B 作表语 如 Theimportantthingistofinishtheworkontime 作宾语 C 动词 todo 动词 疑问词 todo 动词 it 形式宾语 宾补 todo 常见动词有agree decide fail hope wish want plan等 Idon tknowwhattodo IfinditimportanttolearnEnglish 只能接不定式作宾语的动词口诀 决定想做计划需要同意 能做用来做的事迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事 决定想做计划需要同意 能做用来做的事 decidetodosth 决定做某事want wouldliketodosth 想做某事plantodosth 计划做某needtodosth 需要做某事agreetodosth 同意做某事affordtodo能做某事usetodo用来做 迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事 can twaittodo迫不及待地要做某事makeupone smindtodo下决心做某事usedtodo过去常常做某事failtodo未能做某事 D 动词不定式作宾语补足语 作宾补 动词 宾语 todo 动词 宾语 do LiMeiaskedmetoshowherthenewdictionary 注 有以上结构的常用动词有tell wish ask want like beg invite warn allow encourage advise等 不带to的不定式 注 常用的动词是 感官动词see hear feel watch notice 使役动词have make let 接不定式作宾语补足语的动词口诀 请求与命令想要邀请期待鼓励与建议答应告诫允许提醒和帮助 请求与命令 asksb todosth 请求某人做某事tellsb todosth 命令某人做某事 想要邀请期待鼓励与建议 wantsb todosth 想要某人做某事invitesb todosth 邀请某人做某事expectsb todosth 期待某人做某事encouragesb todosth 鼓励某人做某事advisesb todosth 建议某人做某事 答应告诫允许提醒和帮助 promisesb todo答应某人做某事warnsb nottodosth 告诫某人做某事allowsb todosth 允许某人做某事remindsb todosth 提醒某人做某事helpsb to dosth 帮助某人做某事 F 作定语 必须后置 Icameheretoseeyou Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews Hehurriedtotheschooltofindnobodythere Tolookathim youwouldlikehim 目的 原因 结果 条件 Ihavesomebooksforyoutoread 注意 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词 或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等 不定式后面须有相应的介词 Heislookingforaroomtolivein Thereisnothingtoworryabout Pleasegivemeaknifetocutwith G 不定式与疑问词who which when where how what等连用 在句中起名词作用 可充当主语表语 宾语等 Hedidn tknowwhattosay Myquestioniswhentostart Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant 宾语 表语 主语 注意 在与why连用时 只用于why或whynot开头的简短疑问句中 后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to Whynothavearest 动词不定式几点注意事项 1 在感官动词和使役动词后作宾补时 不定式可省略to 但以上词变为被动语态时 要加上to Ialwayssawherplayviolin Hewasmadetowork12hoursaday 动词不定式省略to的情况 使役动词和感官动词后 一感二听三让四看 feel hear listento let make have lookat see watch noticehadbetter not dosth 最好 不 做 whynot whydon tyoudosth为什么不做 helpsb to dosth帮助某人做 Wouldrather not dosth 宁愿 不 做 wouldyouplease not dosth 请你 不 要做 情态动词 do助动词 do 感官动词see watch lookat notice hear listento feel do表示动作的完整性 doing表示动作的进行性 注意 被动语态中不能省去to 区分下列词组 seesb doing dosth hearsb doing dosth watchsb doing dosth noticesb doing dosth 特殊词精讲 stopdoing todo stoptodo停下来去做另一件事 stopdoing停止正在做的某事 他们停下来吸烟 Theystoptosmoke 我必须戒烟了Imuststopsmoking forgettodo忘记要去做某事 forgetdoing忘记做过某事 办公室的灯还在亮着 他忘记关了 没有做关灯的动作 Thelightintheofficeisstillon Heforgottoturnitoff 他忘记他已经关了灯了 已做过关灯的动作 Heforgotturningthelightoff forgetdoing todo rememberdoing todo remembertodo记得去做某事rememberdoing记得做过某事记着放学后去趟邮局 Remembertogotothepostofficeafterschool 你不记得以前见过那个人吗 Don tyourememberseeingthemanbefore goondoing todo goontodo做了一件事后 接着做另一件事 goondoing继续做原来做的事 Afterhehadfinishedhismaths hewentontodohisphysics 做完数学后 他接着去做物理 Goondoingotherexercisesafteryouhavefinishedthisone 做完这个练习后 接着做其他的练习 trydoing todosth trytodosth 努力 尽力做某事Althoughmathsisdifficult Iwilltrytostudyit trydoingsth 试着做某事Themachinecouldn twork Let stryrepairingit 2 动词不定式的否定形式为 not todo Mr Smithaskedtheboy notplay thiskindofgame nottoplay Pleasehavehim notdo somuchhousework notdo 3 不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式逻辑上构成主谓关系时 不定式往往用主动形式 Haveyougotakeytounlockthedoor Akeyunlocksthedoor 4 不定式和它前面被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系 又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时 不定式常用主动形式 Ihavegotalettertowrite Iwritealetter Heneedsaroomtolivein Helivesinaroom 5 不定式作表语形容词的状语 和句中的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时 不定式多用主动形式 这是因为人们往往认为形容词后省去了forone或forpeople Heishardtotalkto Thebookisdifficulttounderstand Thequestioniseasytoanswer 现在分词与过去分词 两者之间的区别主要体现在时态和语态上 1 在时态上 现在分词表示正在进行 而过去分词表示已经完成 2 在语态上 现在分词表示主动 而过去分词表示被动 总之 现在分词表主动 进行 过去分词表被动 完成 在句法功能上它们都可以作定语 表语 状语和宾补 它们的具体区别如下 分词 1 作定语时 1 现在分词单独作定语 通常放在所修饰词前 例如 ThesleepingboyisTom 2 现在分词短语作定语放在所修饰词的后面 意思同定语从句差不多 例如 Tellthechildrenplayingoutsidenottomaketoomuchnoise Tellthechildrenwhoareplayingoutsidenottomaketoomuchnoise 1 现在分词表示正在进行 过去分词表示已经完成 developingcountry发展中国家 正在发展的 developedcountry发达国家 已发展的 boilingwater沸水 正在沸腾的水 boiledwater开水 已烧开了的水 可能已凉了 fallingleaves正在飘落的树叶fallenleaves落叶 已落下的树叶 现在分词强调动作正在进行 侧重于主动 过去分词强调动作已经完成 侧重于被动 2 现在分词表示主动 过去分词表示被动 例如 amovingfilm一部感人的电影 主动 themovedpeople被感动的人们 被动 现在分词表示 令人感到 指主语和被修饰词给人的感觉 过去分词表示 感到 指主语和被修饰词的感觉 anexcitinggame一场令人感到激动的比赛theexcitedpeople感到激动的人们 Hesawa birdandraisedhisbow A flyB flyingC flewD tobeflying 分析 B 表示正在进行的动作 句意是 正在飞的鸟 此处的aflyingbird abirdwhichwasflying Iwassatisfiedwiththe speech A exciteB excitingC excitedD beexcited 分析 B 表示被修饰词speech的性质和特征 此处的theexcitingspeech thespeechthat whichwasexciting 2 作表语时 共同点 分词作表语时 它起着形容词的作用 不同点 分词作表语时 句子的主语就是该分词的逻辑主语 但现在分词作表语时 与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系 所表示的动作的一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生 而过去分词则表示被动关系 所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生 1 HowdidBobdointheexamsthistime Well hisfatherseems withhisresults A pleasingB pleaseC pleasedD toplease2 Howdidtheaudiencereceivethenewplay Theygotvery A exciteB excitedC ExcitedlyD exciting 简析 首先 根据语法分析可知 待选部分在句中应作表语 因为seems在此句中用作连系动词 再根据hisfather对于动词please来说应是被动关系 即这个结果使他的父亲高兴 换言之 他的父亲因为受到这个结果的刺激而感到高兴 因此 该题应选C 简析 该题应选B 测试他们被那出新戏所打动 3 作宾语补足语时 现在分词与句子的宾语是主动关系 它所表示的动作往往正在进行 过去分词与句子的宾语是被动关系 它所表示的动作往往已经完成 Ifoundthempaintingthewindows 现在分词表主动 进行 Ifoundthewindowspainted 过去分词表被动 完成 牛刀小试 1 Mymotheroftenasksme somecleaningonSundaysAdoB doesC didD todo2 DoyouoftenhearJohn inhisroom Listen Nowwecanhearhim inhisroom A sing tosingB sing singC sing singingD tosing singing D C 3 Iwatchedher inthenextroomlastnight A dancingB todanceC dancesD dance4 Let s swimmingaftertheexam A goB goesC togoD went5 You dbetter abus A tocatchB catchC catchesD catching D A B 1 Ididn tspendalthemoney buy thebooks 2 Doyouhaveanything say atthemeeting 3 YesterdayIsawawallet lie ontheground 4 Themanranout see whatwaswrong 5 Shewasoftenheard sing inEnglish 6 Stop read please I vesomethingtotellyou 7 Theboy call LiHuaintheroomishisbrother buying tosay lying tosee tosing reading called 用所给词的正确形式填空 8 Thegirl stand underthetreeismycousinKate 9 Books write ineasyEnglishareverypopularamongChinesemiddleschoolstudents 10 Whydidyoukeepyourbrother wait foralongtimethatevening 11 Iprefer read booksathomeratherthan go shoppingonSundays 12 Hedidn tfinish write thebookuntillastweek 13 LiLeiisaskinghisuncle anEnglishteacher help himthinkofaforeignname standing written waiting toread go writing tohelp 拓展精练 1 Martinlookssowell We veneverseenhim sowellbefore A islookedB islookingC tolookD look2 Myfatherhasdecided becausesmokingisbadforhishealth A tostoptosmokeB tostopsmokingC stoppingsmokingD stoptosmoke3Itiskind metocarrythesebooks A ofyouhelpingB foryoutohelpC ofyoutohelpD foryouhelping D B C 4 Wouldyoulike somebreadorbiscuits Nothanks Idon tfeellike anythingnow A tohave eatingB tohave toeatC having toeatD having eating5 Doyourememberme Tom Ah yes Iremembered youinJUSCOlastyear A seeB seesC toseeD seeing A D 6 Weareinterestedin toswim A studyB studyingC learnD learning7 Mygrandfatherwants aroundtheworldbecauseheenjoys newplaces A traveling seeingB totravel toseeC totravel seeingD traveling tosee D C 8 Jackgivesmeapieceofpaper A towriteB towriteonC towriteatD towritein9 Let smakeafire ourselvesup A towarmB warmingC warmD warmed10 WhenIwaswalkinginthefield Isawaplane overmyhead A flewB fliesC flyingD fling B A C 11 Thankyouforussowell A toteachB teachesC taughtD teaching12 IoftendosomeonSundays A washedB towashC washingD washes13 TheboyJackinClassOneismybrother A callB tobecalledC callingD called14 Itoftentakesmehalfanhourhome A walkingB towalkC walkedD walks15 Don tforgethercleanwatereveryday A togiveB givingC givenD give D C D B A 16 IthinkitisimportantEnglishwell A learningB learnC tolearnD learned17 Thefunnystorymadeusallhard A laughB tolaughC laughingD laughed18 Ourteachertoldushardatourlessons A toworkB workC workingD worked19 Couldyoutellmethisnewspaper A toreadhowB howtoreadC whattoreadD whatread C A A B 20 Idon tknownext A whattodoB whattodoitC howtodoD tohowdoit21 Myhairistoolong soImusthaveitthisafternoon A cutB cutsC cuttingD cutted22 Rememberlastforclassagain A nottoB benottoC nottobeD nottocome23 MrSmithaskedthemanthequeue A notjumpB didn tjumpC nottojumpD tonotjump A A C C 14 Whynotwithus Yousee it svery A go interestedB go interestingC togo interestedD going interesting15 Whatabouttothecinematonight That sagoodidea I dlikewithyou A going goingB togo togoC going togoD go going16 Everyonehereisbusyreadforthecomingentrancetests A getB togetC gettingD gets B C C 17 we veworkedfortwohours Let sarest A stoptohaveB stophavingC tostoptohaveD stoppinghaving18 Wouldyoumindmeafavour 恩惠 A doB togoC doingD did19 MrWangaskedmehim A helpB helpsC tohelpD helping20 PleasetellJimnotlateagain A toB beC tobeD beto A C C C 23 Pleasedon tforgettome willyou A towriteB writingC write 22 Theboywantshisfatheraquestionaboutthemoon A askingB toaskC askD asked 21 MissYangaskedtheboy thebabywassleepingintheroom A tostoptosingB tostopsingingC stopsingingD stoptosing B B A 25 It saboutsixo clock Let s suppernow A stophavingB tostophavingC stoptohaveD tostoptohave26 We dbetter ontheroad Acarmayhitus A nottoplayB notplayC tonotplayD don tplay 24 Motherdecided Tomawayfromschool A tokeepnotB keepnotC nottokeepD notkeep C C B A 27 LiuMeihelpedtheTurners theirticketsonthetrain A pickB lookupC pickupD looklike28 Ioftenseethem withsomeforeigners A talkB totalkC talkingD talked C A 29 DoyoustillremembermesomewhereBeijing Yes ofcourse Twoyearsago A toseeB seeC seeingD saw30 Parentsmustwarntheirchildren A toplaywithfireB nottoplaywithfireC ofplayingfireD playingfire C B 1 31 ThismorningIsawamanonthestreetonmyway A lives thereB lived toschoolC lying toschoolD tolie home 32 Hehasgivenuptennissincehewasill A playB toplayC playingD plays33 Willyoucometothenetbarwithme Sorry Mymotheralwaystellsmethere A notgoB nottogoC goD togo C C B 34 What sthelanguage inNewZealand English A speakingB spokenC bespokenD tospeak35 Pauldoesn thavetobemade Healwaysworkshard A learnB tolearnC learnedD learning36 Thehouseisnotbigenoughforusall A toliveinB tobelivedinC toliveD forlivingin B B A 37 Theteacheraskedthestudentstoclosethewindows thewindfrom thepapersaway A tostop blowingB stopping blowingC tostop blowD stopped blow38 Weshoulddoasmuchaswecan water A forsavingB tosaveC saveD saved39 Therearemanypeople tobuycarsinthemodernworld A wantB wantedC wantingD towant A B C 40 Thelittleboywokeuphisfather HappyBirthday A callB tocallC calledD calling41 Thecar inGermanyinthe1960slooksoldnow A producedB producingC toproduceD whichproduced42 Whatareonshowinthemuseum Somepictures bytheAfricans A drawingB drawnC drewD weredrawn D A B 43 Theboywasseen hisbikeamomentago Iamsorrytohearthat A felloffB tofalloffC falloffD tofalldown44 You dbetterhaveyoursportsjacket It stoodirty Thanks Iwill A towashB washedC washingD wash45 Thewords with L aren teasilyforgotten A startingB startedC tostartD whosestarting B B A 46 Haveyoureadthisbook It sworth A toreadB readC readingD toberead47 YesterdayIheardastory bymyfriend A toldB tellingC totellD tell48 Whatdoyoucomeherefor A BorrowaCDB ToborrowaCDC BorrowingaCDD BorrowedaCD C A B end