中考英语任务型阅读解题技巧与突破途径.ppt

英语阅读回答问题 题型解读与突破途径 同学们做 阅读简答 这样的题目时 普遍觉得不难 而考试结果一出来 却发现得高分的不多 原因就在于这种题型不仅要求考生读懂文章 还要求同学们用自己的语言简练的回答有关问题 既考查了学生的阅读理解能力 也考查了大家的英语表达能力和概括能力 另外 对回答的拼写 语法的正确性的要求 使得做简答题有一定的难度 再加上解答这样的题型几乎没有猜题的技巧可言 也从某种意义上加大了做题的难度 要想取得较好的成绩 对于题型的研究 好的解题步骤和技巧是非常重要的 问题探究 义务教育英语课程标准 初中生要达到的五级目标要求 2016年中考英语阅读能力要求 题型介绍 根据短文内容回答问题是阅读理解的一道重要题型 此题为5个问题 问题设计一般比较简单 多数考题针对文章中的事实细节 答案都能在原文中找到出处 最后一个问题通常为开放性题目 往往需要概括文章主旨要义 2010中考 2011年中考 具体细节信息 具体细节信息 归纳文章大意 归纳文章大意 聚焦中考 由一般疑问句引出的判断题 由选择疑问句 AorB 来提问文章的细节 由特殊疑问词引导的特殊疑问句来提问文章的细节和概括主旨要义 提问类型和回答方式 一般疑问句 以be动词 助动词 情态动词为句首 句末有问号 的句子 要用yes和no回答的句子 例如 Dotheydotheirhomeworkafterschool be动词 助动词 情态动词 am is are was were do does did will have has can may must could should would 1 Arethereanyflowersinyourgarden 2 Couldherideabikewhenhewasten 3 Cantheyswim 4 Don tyouliketoreadEnglish 5 DoeshelikeEnglish 6 IsKittywearinghernewuniform 7 HaveyoueverbeentoCanada 8 Hasyourbrothergotamodelcar 9 Willyougotothezoowithme 10 Didheseehisunclelastweek 流利朗读 整体感知 练一练 选择疑问句 提出两种或两种以上的情况 要求选择一种情况回答 这种问句叫做选择疑问句 选择疑问句的两种或两种以上的情况用or连接 回答时不能用yes或no 1 一般选择疑问句句型 一般疑问句 or 被选择的情况 Areyouateacherorastudent I mastudent 2 特殊选择疑问句句型 特殊疑问句 AorB A BorC WhenwillheleaveforLondon todayortomorrow Tomorrow 66 Wasthearearichorpoorinthe1950s Itwaspoor 真题链接 66 Isplayinginwateragoodchoiceorabadone Agoodchoice 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问句是以特殊疑问词为句首 句末有问号的句子 特殊疑问词包括Who 人物 Where 地点 When 时间 What 事件 Why 原因 which 哪个 whose 谁的 whom who的宾格形式 How 方式 和由基本疑问词变化的疑问词 例如 由what增加的whattime whatday whatkind whatcolor whatshape whatlength由how变化的howlong howsoon howoftenhowold howfar howmany howmuch 考考你 1 Excuseme isthenearestbookshop Godownthestreetandturnleftatthesecondcorner A whereB whatC howD who 2 isatickerforthefilmHackerHe Aboutfortyyuan A HowoldB HowmuchC HowmanyD Howoften 3 areyougoingtothelibrarywith I mgoingwithTony A WhatB WhichC WhomD Where 4 It seight A WhatdayisitB What syourtelephonenumberC HowoldareyouD What sfiveandthree 5 shallwemeetinthepark Atabouthalfpasteight A WhenB WhatC WhereD Which 6 doesyourschoolhavesportsmeetings Twiceayear A HowsoonB HowoftenC HowlongD Howfar 7 doesyourfathergotoworkonfooteveryday Becausewelivenearhisoffice A HowB WhatC WhyD Who 特殊疑问句解题技巧 回答特殊疑问句较为复杂 要注意问题与回答在形式上的对应 1 问目的 就应当用for短语 todo不定式短语等来回答 2 问原因 就应当用becauseof短语或because从句来回答 3 问方式 就应当用Bydoing来回答 4 问时间 地点时 答语中不要忘记介词 5 提问词是what只能用完整句子 名词或名词性短语 名词性从句 多为宾语从句 来回答 67 WhydidtherestaurantworkershavenotimetolearnEnglish 真题链接 Becausetheyoftenworked17hoursaday 18 HowdidyoungChicogetmoney Bytakingalittlerubber 65 WhenwasChicomurdered 真题链接 OnDecember22 1988 65 Wheredotheyjumpfrom Theyjumpfromplanes 79 WhatarethepurposesofcelebratingtheEarthDay 真题链接 Tohelpmorepeoplerealizetheimportanceofprotectingtheearthandencouragepeopletotakeaction 最后一题提问类型 What sthemainideaofthepassage Whatarethemainpointsabout inthispassage Whatcanyoulearnfromthepassage Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellus Whatarethepurposesof 概括大意回答方式 记住这些有用的句型 It s about It s about what 主语 谓语 how 主语 谓语why 主语 谓语 注意介宾从句 主谓语序 1 要点通常包括两个或多于两个 2 抓住文章的结构 要关注语篇结构 总 分 分 总 总 分 总 组织语言时要避免使用不熟悉的句型 词汇或短语 尽可能用原文中的关键词语回答问题 但不能照抄原句 要对原文进行总结归纳 最后一题关注点 69 WhatarethemainpointsaboutChinatowninthispassage 真题链接 归纳文章第一段大意为唐人街地址 其余段落作者是按照时间顺序写的可总结为发展过程 答案 ItisaboutwhereChinatownisandhowithasdeveloped 2010年中考题 2 扫读 浏览全文 每段主题句 理清文章基本结构 文章的中心思想以及作者的基本观点 正确理解语境 3 精读 精读问题 圈划关键词 理解问题 带着问题找读 按出题顺序 确定答题区域 4 复读 分析 提取 整合信息 准确表达 要用简练 准确的英语表达出来 注意回答问题时要切中要点 不要画蛇添足 组织答案时 注意避免语言错误 如 时态 主谓一致 人称转化 句子结构和拼写等 如需引用原文 要作适当改动 最好不要整句照搬 阅读回答问题解题步骤和注意事项 1 通读 快速浏览全文 标清段序 如是对话形式划分出层次 AlmosteverykidinthiscountryhasevereatenHersheychocolate ButdoyouknowthattheHersheychocolatefactoryismorethanonehundredyearsold AnddoyouknowthatthefatherofHersheyChocolate MiltonHershey hadmanyfailuresinbusinessbeforehestartedhisfamouscompany MiltonHersheygrewupinPennsylvania Beforehebecameinterestedinmakingchocolate heworkedasaprinterforasmallnewspaperatfirst andthendecidedthatprintingwasnottherightjobforhim 重点演练1 64 WhoisthefatherofHersheyChocolate 65 Wheredidhegrowup 65 InPennsylvania 1 2 64 MiltonHershey 重点演练2 OnedaythefamousAmericanscientistAlbertEinsteinmetanoldfriendofhisonastreetinNewYork MrEinstein saidthefriend itseemsthatyouneedtoputonanewovercoat Look howworn outitis Itdoesn tmatter answeredAlbertEinstein NooneknowsmehereinNewYork SeveralyearslatertheymetinNewYorkagain Einsteinhadbeenworld famous buthestillworethesameoldovercoat Oncemorehisfriendaskedhimtobuyanewone Thereisnoneednow saidEinstein Everybodyherehasknownme WheredidAlbertEinsteinmetanoldfriendofhis 2 Whatdidthefriendwanthimtobuy 3 DidEinsteinstillwearthesameoldovercoatafterseveralyears 2 1 4 3 5 OnastreetinNewYork Anewovercoat Yes hedid 难点突破1 Friendshipisaveryimportanthumanrelationshipandeveryoneneedsgoodfriends Goodfriendshiphasmanybenefits Belowaresomehelpfulideasabouthowtomakeandkeepfriends AssociatewithothersThefirststeptomakingfriendsisassociatingwithotherpeople StartaconversationStartingaconversationisthesecondmostimportantstepinmakingnewfriends DothingstogetherChoosingfriendswithcommoninterestsisimportant LetitgrowItisagoodthingtostayintouch EnjoyyourfriendshipThebestwaytoenjoyyourfriendshipistoallowyourfriendstobethemselves 65 What sthepassagemainlyabout It smainlyaboutwhyfriendshipisimportantandhowtomakeandkeepfriends 难点突破2 Whatshouldyoudoifyouwanttohaveanicephototaken Whetherit sworkorfun themostimportantthingislighting Thekeythingisnoshadow 阴影 Tipyourheadandlearnwhatangles 角度 workwithyourface Everyoneisdifferent Soyouhaveto Forlonglegs pointonelegintocenterofthe Forjustlegshots lieupsidedownandraiselegs Keepshouldersback Alwayshavemouthslightlyopen enoughtoputapennybetweenyourlips Loweryoureyesandthenlookupjustasshutter 快门 isclickedforfulleyes Trytocatcheveryperfectphotogenicmoment 65 Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellus Totellushowtohaveanicephototaken 课堂检测1 OnceGoethe thegreatGermanpoet waswalkinginapark Hewasthinkingaboutsomethingwhenhenoticedhecametoavery verynarrow 狭窄 road Justatthattime ayoungmancametowardshimfromtheotherendoftheroad Itwastoonarrowforbothofthemtopassthroughatthesametime Theystoppedandlookedateachotherforawhile Thentheyoungmansaidrudely Inevermakewayforafool ButGoethesmiledandsaid Ialwaysdo Thenheturnedbackquicklyandwalkedtowardstheendoftheroad WherewasGoethewalking WhocametowardsGoethefromtheotherendoftheroad DidtheyoungmanmakewayforGoethe Whoturnedbackquicklyandwalkedtowardstheendoftheroad WhatdoyouthinkofGoethe Inapark Ayoungman No hedidn t Goethe Heispolite kind humorousandclever 课堂检测2 Mikewasagoodandwell trainedboy Hisparentslovedhimverymuch Hedideverythingwell butMikehadonebadhabit 习惯 Heatealotofsweetsandchocolates Thosewerehisfavorite Hejustcouldn tgiveup Hismotheralwaystoldhim Mikedoesn teatsomanysweets Youwillgettoothaches 牙痛 Hismotherusedtokeepallthesweetsinaglassjar 罐子 Onedaywhenhismotherwenttothemarket Mikesawthathisfatherwasasleep Sohewalkedcarefullyandslowlytothekitchenandgotthesweetjar Finally heopeneditandputhishandinnarrowmouth Mikepickedafist 拳头 fullofsweets Butwhenhetriedtopullhishandout itgotstuck 卡 inthejar Mike sfatherwasawakeandwatching HesaidtoMike Youhavepickeduptoomanysweetsinyourfist it smorethanyourlittlehandcankeep Yourfistcannotcomeoutofthejar Letgoofthesweetsandpickonlyonesweetinyourtwofingersandyoucanpullyourhandouteasily Alwaystakeasmuchasyoucancontrol 控制 Mikepulledouthishandfromthejareasilyandhelearnedalessonforhislife too 61 WhatwasMike shadhabit 62 Didhismotherusetokeepthesweetsinaglassjar 63 Wherewasthesweetjar 64 Howmanysweetsdidhisfatheraskhimtoget 65 Whatlesson 教训 道理 didMikelearn 61 Heatealotofsweetsandchocolates 62 Yes shedid 63 Itwasinthekitchen 64 Hisfatheraskedhimtopickonlyonesweet 65 Alwaystakeasmuchasyoucancontrol 2 扫读 浏览全文 每段主题句 理清文章基本结构 文章的中心思想以及作者的基本观点 正确理解语境 3 精读 精读问题 圈划关键词 理解问题 带着问题找读 按出题顺序 确定答题区域 4 复读 分析 提取 整合信息 准确表达 要用简练 准确的英语表达出来 注意回答问题时要切中要点 不要画蛇添足 组织答案时 注意避免语言错误 如 时态 主谓一致 人称转化 句子结构和拼写等 如需引用原文 要作适当改动 最好不要整句照搬 阅读回答问题解题步骤和注意事项 1 通读 快速浏览全文 标清段序 如是对话形式划分出层次 2012阅表第四段 Mostimportantareyourheightandweight SmokejumpersintheU S forexample mustbe54to91kilograms 第五段Smokejumpersmustalsobeabletoliveinthewilderness 第六段Theylovebeingabletojumpoutofplanes fightfires andliveintheforest 从我们得到这三句话后 再次提取出最关键的信息 heightandweight beabletoliveinthewilderness lovebeingabletojumpoutofplanes fightfires andliveintheforest 确定了大致信息后 再进行语言组织 将上述信息组合成一个语法正确的句子 因此可得出答案Tobeasmokejumper oneneedstohaveproperheightandweight beabletoliveinthewildernessandlovehisorherjob 201264 Smokejumpersareaspecialkindoffirefighter 65 Theyjumpfromplanes 66 Theirmaingoalistostopafinefromspreading 67 Becausetheywon tgethurtwhentheyland orgetblownbystrongwinds 68 Tobeasmokejumper oneneedstohaveproperheightandweight beabletoliveinthewildernessandlovehisorherjob 2013 Campinginyourbackyardisfulloffun whateveryourage It sgreatforkeepingusrelaxed Itofferschancestocheckthenightskyandtobenoisierthanusual Itletsushavefriendsovertostaywhomightnotfitinsidethehouse Followtheseinstructionsandyou llhaveanightyou llneverforget It smainlyaboutwhyandhowtocampinthebackyard 总结提升 1 从近五年的中考题看 阅读与表达题所给的文章均为说明文 即有说明的对象 那么文章的主旨还是比较明确的 2 任何一篇说明文都是围绕某个主题展开的 有些文章的主题句较明显 在文章的首段 也有的文章主题句不明显 但文中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词 即高频词 也就是我们常说的主题词 抓住了它 便容易抓住文章的中心 3 概括主旨离不开对全文结构的把握 纵观全文 找准找全要点 4 组织好语言 运用正确的句式 准确地表达出来 Passage11 Howmanysuggestionsdoestheauthorgive Four 4 2 Whatshouldyoudoiftherearedisagreementsbetweenyourparentsandyou Weshouldtrytounderstandwhatevertheyaretryingtotellus 3 Whyshouldyoucommunicatewithparentsinapoliteway Becausewehavetoshowourparentsthatwearenolongerakid notjustakid 4 Howtoearnparents trust Payattentiontothewaysyoudothingsinsteadoffightingwiththem 5 Whatisthepassagemainlyabout Howtoimproverelationshipbetweenourparentsandus Passage21 Dothousandsofpeopletryskydivingeachyear Yes theydo 2 Howmanychoicesarethereforthebeginners Three 3 Therearethreechoices 3 Whyistandemthemostpopular Becauseitistheeasiest 4 Howdothecoachesgiveinstructionsintheair Withhandsignalsoraradio 5 Whatisthepassagemainlyabout Whatskydivingisandhowbeginnersskydive Theintroductionofskydivingandthemethodsforbeginners Passage31 Whatdoesminimalismsuggest Itsuggeststhatyouonlykeepthemostnecessaryandimportantthingsandgetridofeverythingelse 2 HowdidthewritergetridofsomeofherCDsandbooks Shesoldthemonline 3 Howdidthewriterfeelaftergettinglotsofthingsoutofherroom Shefeltexcited 4 Whyisithardtobeaminimalist Becauseweareoftentoldthatitisbettertohavemorethings 5 Whataretheadvantagesofbeingaminimalist Ithelpsustokeepourroomstidy haveaclearandorganizedmind savemoneyandreallyvaluethethingswehave Passage41 Whatis foodmiles Afoodmileisthedistancethatfoodtravelsfromthefarmer sfieldtothepersonwhobuysthefood 2 Whydosomecountrieshavetoimportmostoftheirfood Becausetheyhavedifficultclimates 3 Whataredisadvantagesof foodmiles Thereismorepollutionandmoreglobalwarming andfoodthattravelsalongwayisnotfreshandusuallynotverytasty 4 Whydopeopleneedtobuymorelocalfood Localfoodhasabettertaste anditalsoreducestheamountofglobalpollution 5 Whatisthepassagemainlyabout What foodmiles isandthedisadvantagesofit Thankyouforlistening