不定式to用法详解.ppt

动词不定式详解 课件设计 课件制作 总体计划 一不定式的句子功能 主语 1 TobehereatChristmastimeismydream 2 Togoabroadishisdream 3 Tosayiseasy todoisdifficult 这时可将其用形式主语it来替换 ItismydreamtobehereatChristmastime Itishisdreamtogoabroad Itiseasytosay itisdifficulttodo It softendifficultformetodecidedwhattodo 宾语Iwanttobuyacomputer Shehopestofindabetterjob Iwishtogowithyou Doyouconsideritbetternottogo 宾语补足语 Sheaskedmetohelpher Theteachertoldhimtocomeontime Edison smothertaughthimtoreadandwrite wantsbtodowishsbtodogetsbtodoordersbtodofindsbtobelikesbtodowouldlikesbtodohelpsbtodo 作宾语补足语不带to的情况 感觉动词 使役动词后面的to常省略 但是被动语态中的to不能省略 Letmedoit Isawhimcrossthestreet 常见动词有 使役动词 let make have感官动词 see watch hear feel listento notice observe比较 Iheardhersinginginthenextroom Iheardhersinginthenextroom 状语 adverbial HecametoshowmehisnewCDplayer Iwenttheretoseemyteacher ShecamebacktogetherEnglishbook Theboywastoofrightenedtomove 目的 目的 目的 结果 表语 Hisworkistofeedtheanimals Herjobistolookafterthepatients Mywishistobeascientist 定语 Givemesomethingtodrink Ihavetwobookstoread Theyhavemuchfoodtoeat Heaskedforaroomtolivein Idon thaveapentowritewith Theiceishardenoughtoskateon Heboughtatoytoplaywith 疑问词who what which where when how加todo可构成不定式短语 在句中可用作主语 宾语 宾语补足语 表语等 Whentostarthasnotbeendecided Idon tknowwhattodo Hecantellyouwheretogetthebook Thequestioniswho m toask 主语 宾语 宾语补足语 表语 比较 Compare Idon tknowwhattodo Idon tknowhowtodoit Idon tknowwhattodoaboutit Exercises 1 You vedoneverywellthistime It sreallykind A foryoutosaysoB foryousayingsoC ofyoutosaysoD ofyousayingso2 Itisbettertoloseone slifethan A ifyouloseyourspiritB losinghisspiritC toloseone sspiritD yourspiritgettinglost C C 3 Ican tworkinthisway Whynot itinsomeotherway A trytodoB trydoingC tryingtodoD tryingdoing4 Sinceyoufinditdifficult adecision you dbetteradiscussion 讨论 withyourparents A reach haveB reaching haveC reach havingD toreach have B D 5 Myfatherhates 痛恨 Heneverallowsme A tosmoke tosmokeB smoking smokingC smoke smokingD smoking tosmoke6 Thegirlwasbeginning A getangryB togetangryC gettingangryD angry D B 7 Thereisn tanydifferencebetweenthetwo Ireallydon tknow A wheretochooseB whichtochooseC whattochooseD tochoosewhich8 Thebagistooheavyforme A tocarryitB nottocarryitC tocarryD nottocarry9 Theteacherwillteachhim A touseB useitC howtouseitD uses B C C 找出句子中的不定式 并说出作用 Ittakesyoutenminutestogetthere Ihopetoseehimsoon Hiswishistobecomeanartist Peopleeattolive butnotlivetoeat Ihavealottotellyou It snotrighttobealwaysthinkingofoneself Weoftenseehimplayfootball 定语 主语 状语 表语 宾语 主语 宾语补足语 二不定式的两种性质 a 回返性 不定式修饰的词是不定式动作逻辑上的宾语 Doyouhaveanythingmoretosay Thereisnothingtoworryabout Let sfindaroomtoputthebikein Wehaven tachairtobeseatedin Ihavealettertowrite Ihaveapentowritewith Ihavenoinktowritein Ihavenopapertowriteon 注意观察和思考 b 时间性 动词不定式与谓语动作同时发生 tobedoingThey resaidtobebuildingabridge Wedidn texpectyoutobewaitingforushere 不定式后发生 todosthTheyinvitedustogotherenextweek 动词不定式先于谓语动作发生 tohavedoneHe ssaidtohavewrittenanewnovel I msorrynottohavecomeonWednesday 三特殊的动词 1 只能后接动词 ing形式作宾语的动词 常见的有 avoid避免 miss错过 putoff delay postpone p sp 推迟避免错过莫推迟suggest建议 practice练习 finish complete建议练习早完成keep保持 imagine想像 can tstand can thelp禁不住保持想象禁不住admit承认 deny否认 mind介意承认否认勿介意escape逃避 risk excuse原谅逃避冒险可原谅giveup quit放弃 envy妒忌 fancy appreciate enjoy喜欢放弃妒忌皆喜欢如 Ican tavoidgoing 我不能不去 a 只能接动词 ing形式作宾语的动词 b 只能接不定式作宾语的动词 常见的有1 manage尽量 prepare准备 fail失败尽量准备免失败2 choose decide决定 determine决定 arrange安排早做选定好安排3 plan计划 seem看起来 refuse decline拒绝计划看来又遭拒4 promise承诺 afford承诺无价却能买5 pretend agree expect假装同意共期待6 offer提供 demand要求 hope希望要求提供望不再 四注意几个容易混淆的短语 1 havesbdosth使某人做某事havesbdoingsth使某人不断做某事nothavesbdoingsth不允许某人做某事havesthtodosth有事情要做havesthdone2 getsbtodosth使某人做某事getsbdoingsth使某人不停地做某事情getsthdone vt Hecouldn tgethiscarstartedjustnow getdoing vi Onceshegetstalking it shardtostopher 3 cease start begin continue deserve 值得 应得 todo cease等 doing4 sb need wanttodosthsth need wantdoing5 consider 考虑 doing6 consider 认为 sb sth todosth7 feellikedoingsthdislikedoingsthwouldliketodosthlikedoing todosthhatedoing todosth8 beworthdoing beworthytobedone ofbeingdone 9 regrettodosthregretdoingsthstoptodosthstopdoingsthforgettodosthforgetdoingsthremembertodosthrememberdoingsthtrytodosthtrydoingsthgoontodosthgoondoingsth 五 TO 的省略 1 两个动词不定式由and or but than except等连接在一起时 第二个不定式常常省略toI dliketoliedownandgotosleep I lldoanythingbutworkonafarm Doyouwanttohavelunchnoworwaittilllater It seasiertopersuadepeoplethan to forcethem 2 口语中 在come go run hurryup等动词后 可用and代替表示目的的动词不定式Comeandhaveadrink Wouldyougoandtellthemtoshutup hadbetter not dosth wouldratherdosth thandosth He dratherwatchTVthangotoseeafilm prefertodosthratherthandosthRatherthanwait hepreferstogohomeonfoot Why not dosth 3 1 情感动词后 like love hate expect hope wish want prefer refuse agree try mean等2 接不定式做宾补 ask tell permit allow advise warn persuade等3 情感adj后 glad happy delighted pleased等4 在haveto oughtto begoingto usedto等后 但 不定式是 tobe 或者 tohavedone时 则be或者have要保留A Areyoutheboss B No andIdon twanttobe theboss Hehasntfinishedhishomeworkyetthoughheissupposedtohave finishedhishomework Areyouateacher No butIusedtobe ateacher Johndidn tcome butheoughttohave come 六动词不定式的复合结构 forsbtodosthIt samistakeforusnottohelpthem Thecoffeewastoohotformetodrink It s adj ofsbtodosth kind nice brave stupid clever etc It skindofyoutothinksomuchofme 七be adj todo sth 不定式逻辑上的宾语是句子主语 Thequestioniseasytoanswer She snicetotalkto It snotabadplacetolivein 八enough和too adj enough forsb todosthHeisn toldenoughtogotoschool too forsb todosthTheappleistoohighforustopick NOTICE I mtoogladtoseeyou He stooreadytohelpyou 九动词不定式的被动式 1 含被动的一般情况Sheoughttobetoldaboutit Nothingseemstohavebeenforgotten Thisformistobefilledininink therebe后可用主动的或被动的动词不定式There salotofworktodo tobedone 2 tobeseen tobefound等常用在be之后Hewasnowheretobeseen found toblame常用于表示被动的意思 受责怪 Nobodywastoblamefortheaccident END