明喻和暗喻的比较SimileMetaph.ppt

simile 英音 simili 美音 s m l definition 1 Asimileisanexpressedlikeness2 thesimplestandmostdirectwayofconnotinganideawithsomethingelse AfigureofspeechcomparingtwoessentiallyunlikethingsandoftenIntroducedbylikeorassimile Itisacomparisonbetweentwodistinctlydifferentthingsandthecomparisonisindicatedbythewordasorlike Oh mylove slikeared redroseThatmancan tbetrusted He sasslipperyasaneel鳗鱼 Theoldman shairisaswhiteassnow Intheabovethreeexamplespeopleandthingsofdifferentcategoriesarecompared awomanandarose amanandaneel andhairandsnow Buteachpairhasonesimilarity loveliness slipperinessandwhiteness Thediscrepancybetweenthingscomparedmakestheirsimilarityallthemorestriking Commonforms A like eyesarenothinglikethesunTheywillneverbeabletosavemoneytobuyanewhousetheybothspendmoneylikewater B AS 1 as adj as nYouareassweetassugar Ashotasanoven ascoldasafrog 热如炉 冷如蛙Asgayasalark assickasadog 乐如云雀 累如狗Asslowasthetortoise asswiftasthewind 慢如龟 疾如风2 As S VMenfearsdeath aschildrenfearstogointhedarK 3 As so AsBis soisA Asthelionisthekingofbeasts soistheeaglekingofbirds 4 Asif asthough Myhandwritinglooksasifaswarmofants escapingfromaninkbottle hadwalkedoverasheetofpaperwithoutwipingtheirlegs 我的笔记看起来就好像一群蚂蚁从墨水瓶里逃出来 没把脚抹干净就在纸上行走似得 5 may mightaswell V as V Youmayaswellaskforthemoonas ask forabicycle becauseyouarenotgoingtogeteither 你要自行车就好比要天上的月亮 因为两者中任何一个你都不能得到 C what SoapoperaisforTVwhatthepopularnovelisforbook 肥皂剧之于电视 犹如通俗小说之于书籍Wateristofisheswhatairistomen 鱼之于水 犹如空气于人 D than nomorethan notanymore than Astudentcannomorethanobtainknowledgewithoutstudyingthanafarmercangetharvestwithoutploughing 学生不学习就不能获得知识 犹如农民不耕种就不能得到收成一样 Ahomewithoutloveisnomorethanabodywithoutasoul 没有爱的家庭无异于一个没有灵魂的躯体Hecannomoreswimthanahammercan 他不能游泳犹如锤子不能游泳一样 E And theway Awordandastoneletgocannotberecalled 说出去的话就如扔出去的石头一样是收不回的 君子一言 驷马难追Ishouldsmellitthewayacatsmellamouse 我可以猫嗅老鼠一样闻出他的味道来 F seem resemble treat compareto remindof besimilarto sotospeak asitwere等等 Hetreatshischildastheappleintheeye 他把孩子当成掌上明珠 Metaphor 1 Thedefinitionofmetaphor Ametaphorisafigureofspeechinwhichawordorphrasethatordinarilyandprimarilydenotesonethingisappliedtoanotherinanimpliedcomparison 1 Comparisonisimplied 2 Itisalsoacomparisonbetweentwounlikeelementswithasimilarquality Butunlikeasimile thiscomparisonisimplied notexpressedwiththeword as or like 3 Metaphorcomparestwodifferentthingsbyspeakingofoneintermsoftheother Unlikeasimileoranalogy metaphorassertsthatonethingisanotherthing notjustthatoneislikeanother 2 Structureofmetaphor Ontology 本体 被比喻的事物或情境Metaphors 喻体 打比方的事物或情境Pre figurativeword 喻词 表示比喻关系的词语 3 Typesofmetaphor 1 noun pattern名词型 AisB 1 Timeismoney 时间就是金钱 2 Beautywithoutvirtueisarosewithoutfragrance 没有德行的美丽好比没有芬芳的玫 3 Somepeoplethinkthatmarriageisalottery 有些人认为婚姻是缘分 4 Heistheeyesandearsofthemanager 他是经理的耳目 5 GreecewasthecradleofWesternculture 希腊是西方文化的发源地 摇篮 6 Theoldman sfaceisamapoftime 那老人脸就是岁月的写照 2 verb pattern动词型 1 Snowclothestheground 雪覆盖了大地 2 Astrangerthenisstilldoggingus 一个陌生人仍在跟踪我们 3 Theyearshavesilveredherhair 岁月已使她的鬓发如霜 4 Thepopulationmushroomedinthepostwardecades 战后数十年里人口快速增长 5 Hedoesn thaveanyideaofhisown Hejustparrotswhatotherpeoplesay 他没有自己的观点 只会鹦鹉学舌 3 adjective pattern形容词型 1 Themountainouswavesswalloweduptheship 山一般的巨浪吞没了那艘船 2 Iwasallsmiles lookingforwardtoapleasant homeyevening 我满心欢喜 盼望度过一个家庭般舒适的夜晚 3 HegaveMarkawintrysmile 他给玛克一个冷笑 4 of phrasepattern a the N1 of a N2 1 Apolicemanwavedmeoutofthesnakeoftrafficandflaggedmetostop 一位警察招手要我从长蛇般的车流中出来 并挥旗叫我停下 2 Thelecturerlookeddownattheseaoffacesbeneathhim 演讲者俯视下面无数的面孔 3 Wehavecomealongwaysincethen inpartasafruitofhislabors 从那以后 我们取得了巨大进展 其中一部分是他努力的结果 4 Theytiedpillowsontopoftheirheadsasprotectionagainsttheshowerofrocks 他们把枕头绑在头上以防倾泻而下的岩石 5 idiom pattern 1 Wemendedourfences 我们重修旧好 2 Failureisthemotherofsuccess 失败乃成功之母 3 Timeismoney 时间就是金钱 Differencesbetweensimileandmetaphor Structure Element Function StructureAsimilemakesaclearcomparisonbymeansofwordslike as asif as so etc Ametaphormakesacomparisonwhichisimpliedratherthanstated Sothemetaphorisalsocalledcondensedsimile 压缩了的明喻 ElementAsimilealwayscontainsthesubjectandthereference whichareconnectedbysimilemarkers ItstatesliterallythatAislikeB Ametaphorcomparethingsimplicitly Readliterally itdosenotstatethatthingsarealike itsaysthattheyarethesamething Sometimesthereisonlythesubjectandnoreferenceinametaphor FunctionAgoodsimilecandrawsharperpicturesinthemindthancouldpossiblybedonebyanymeans Anditexplainsabstractorcomplicatedideaorprocessesinsimple concreteimagery soitiseasytounderstand Suchas Herbrownhairwaslikeabird ssmoothwings Recordfelllikeripeapplesonawindyday Toreleasetheenergyofstoresofatomsbybombardingwithsub atomicparticlesislikeshootingbirdsinthedarkinacountrywherethereareveryfewbirds Ametaphortriestogivedeeperinsightintopersons things ideas evenproblems thoughsuggestiveassociation tothrowlightontowhatwouldotherwisebeinconceivabletoordinarypeople Soit srelativelydifficulttounderstand butit smorebrief accurate andimplicit Themachine gunshotdowntheenemylikeamowercuttingdownthegrass Themachine gunmoweddowntheenemy ExerciseIdentifythesimilesandmetaphorsinthefollowing thenconvertsimilesintometaphorsorexpandthemetaphorsintosimiles ifpossible 1 Heisawolfinsheep sclothing Heislikeawolfinsheep sskin 2 Hisvoicesoundedlikeathunderinthehall Hisvoicethunderedinthehall 3 Slimycanalscreptlikegreensnakesbesidestheroad Slimygreencanalssnakedbesidestheroad 4 Moneyisalensinacamera Moneyislikealensinacamera