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Unit 4 Astronomy- the science of the stars课时作业language points第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A2019合肥市高三调研性检测Invisible Dialogues and Invented LanguagesOctober 13, 2018This discussion will examine selftaught artists who use coded or invented languages in their work. Artists include Melvin Edward Nelson, and Carlo Keshishian. Exploring the relationship between language and visual expressions, it seeks to find out how some unreadable words, letters, and symbols communicate meaning.6：30 pm8：00 pm$10 members, students, seniors; $12 nonmembers Art and StorytellingOctober 20, 2018Artist Ernesto Caivano will discuss the connection of drawing and stories in his work, while examining how his explorations of storytelling relate to his previous works.Another activity includes conversations with artists and scholars, providing a good opportunity to engage with the central themes and histories found in the artwork.6：30 pm7：30 pm$5 members, students, seniors; $8 nonmembersSelfTaught GeniusOctober 27, 2018Sponsor Sarah Suzuki will discuss selected drawings and prints on view in the exhibition Highlights from SelfTaught Genius on a guided gallery tour.The program is held together with the exhibition Highlights from SelfTaught Genius at the newly opened SelfTaught Genius Gallery in Long Island City, Queens.6：00 pm7：00 pm$5 members, students, seniors; $8 nonmembersGender, Politics, and Textiles (纺织品)November 3, 2018Art historian Julia BryanWilson will present an illustrated overview of her publication Fray: Art and Textile Politics. Julia will explore the relationship between textiles, gender, and war. The book signing will follow the discussion.6：30 pm8：00 pm$8 members, students, seniors; $10 nonmembers 【解题导语】该文介绍了几个有关艺术的讨论活动。【长难句分析】Artist Ernesto Caivano will discuss the connection of drawing and stories in his work，while examining how his explorations of storytelling relate to his previous works.分析：本句是一个复合句。while引导状语从句，在从句中从句的主语和主句主语一致，且含有be动词，故从句中主语和be动词被省略；此从句中又包含了一个how引导的宾语从句。译文：艺术家Ernesto Caivano在探讨他探索和之前作品有关的故事性叙述方式的同时，会讨论他作品中绘画和故事之间的联系。1Who will talk about drawing and stories?AErnesto Caivano. BSarah Suzuki.CMelvin Edward Nelson. DJulia BryanWilson.答案与解析：A考查细节理解。根据第二个活动部分中的“Artist Ernesto Caivano will discuss the connection of drawing and stories in his work”可知，Ernesto Caivano将会讨论绘画和故事之间的联系，故选A。2Which of the activities is available in November, 2018?ASelfTaught Genius.BArt and Storytelling.CGender, Politics, and Textiles.DInvisible Dialogues and Invented Languages.答案与解析：C考查细节理解。根据最后一个活动Gender，Politics，and Textiles(纺织品)的时间介绍November 3,2018可知，应选C项。3What is the purpose of the text?ATo advertise some activities.BTo introduce some artists.CTo publicize some books.DTo sponsor some events.答案与解析：A考查推理判断。根据对全文的整体理解可知，本文是一篇活动介绍，主要介绍了几个有关艺术的讨论活动，故选A。B2019福州市质量检测Steve Brosnihan is the “resident cartoonist” at the Childrens Hospital, who wanders from room to room drawing and chatting and doing whatever else he can think of to cheer up the sick children. During one visit, he was saying good night to a teenage patient when he had a bright idea.Steve told the teenager to look out of the window after he left. Outside, Steve flickered (闪烁) his bike light up toward the hospital. To his surprise, the teen responded, flickering his own room lights right back.Every night after that, Steve flickered his light, and more and more kids flickered back. When he mentioned it to a friend working at a restaurant, the owner said he wanted in too. He started to flicker the restaurant sign for one minute every night at 8：30. Soon enough, the customers started joining in with flashlights and cell phones. Almost by accident, a simple action was changing into a powerful connection between local people and sick children.Now more than 20 groups are on board for the 8：30 pm. flicker. Every Wednesday night, police officers line up their cars and flash them. Even boats on the river join in to give their bright goodnight wave to kids who are going through frightening situations and sleeping in a strange place.“It is all I look forward to basically all day，” says Abigail Waldron, aged ten. “It just shows you that somebody is helping you through your whole experience in the hospital.”“It would be very hard not to do this，” says Steve，“once you start.” The most powerful of all, he adds, comes from the families of children who have died. They continue to return to the hospital to flicker a light outside in support of children who are still patients.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Steve Brosnihan在儿童医院外向医院闪烁车灯使生病的孩子振作起来的故事，后来更多的人参与到闪烁灯光的活动中。【长难句分析】Steve Brosnihan is the“resident cartoonist”at the Childrens Hospital，who wanders from room to room drawing and chatting and doing whatever else he can think of to cheer up the sick children.分析：这是一个复合句。who引导非限制性定语从句，并指代Steve Brosnihan在从句中充当主语；drawing and chatting and doing whatever else he can think of to cheer up the sick children为伴随状语；whatever引导宾语从句；to cheer up the sick children为目的状语。译文：Steve Brosnihan是儿童医院里的“住院漫画家”，为了使生病的孩子高兴起来，他从一个房间走到另一个房间，画画、聊天和做他能够想到的任何别的事情。4Why did Steve Brosnihan flicker his bike light?ATo get light for the hospital.BTo comfort a teenage patient.CTo inform the patients of his leaving.DTo expect a response from a teenager.答案与解析：B考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Steve Brosnihan is theresident cartoonistat the Childrens Hospital，who wanders from room to room drawing and chatting and doing whatever else he can think of to cheer up the sick children”和最后一段中的“They continue to return to the hospital to flicker a light outside in support of children who are still patients”可以推知，Steve Brosnihan在医院外闪烁车灯是为了使生病的孩子高兴起来，是为了安慰生病的孩子。故答案选B项。5What does the last sentence in Para. 3 mean?AA small action can make a difference.BActions speak louder than words.CLove makes the world go round.DGreat minds think alike.答案与解析：A考查句意理解。句子的字面意思是：几乎是偶然间，一个简单的动作正在变为当地人和生病的孩子们之间的强有力的纽带。再根据本段中提到的Steve Brosnihan把自己所做的事告诉朋友后带来的影响可以推出A选项(一个小小的动作可以产生影响)符合文意。6What can we learn from Waldrons words?AHe likes to flicker lights.BHe is frightened of treatment.CHe gets warmth from the lights.DHe likes the boat light.答案与解析：C考查推理判断。Waldron所说的话的意思是基本上来讲这是“我”一整天所期待的，那完全向你表明有人正在帮你度过你在医院那段难熬的时间；根据上下文可知，闪烁灯光这件事是为了使生病而住院的孩子们高兴起来，Waldron表达的意思是闪烁灯光这件事对生病的他来说，是有所期待的，使自己感到受了帮助，得到了温暖，故答案为C选项。7Which of the following can be the best title for the text?ATreatment for Sick ChildrenBA Warmhearted CartoonistCThe Powerful LightsDLights Flickering in the Hospital答案与解析：C考查标题判断。纵观整篇文章可知，Steve Brosnihan偶然有一个在医院外向医院闪烁车灯以使生病的孩子高兴起来的想法，之后在实施该想法的过程中，得到越来越多生病的孩子的回应，并且后来，更多的人参与到该活动中，再根据最后两段内容可知，这个行为影响很大，C选项能够突出主题，故选C。C2019陕西检测Many people have difficulty in getting up in the morning. This might be called laziness, but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.During the hours when you work, you may say that youre “hot”. Thats true. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak (顶峰). For some people the peak comes during the morning. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so, but it leads to such familiar words as：“Get up, John! Youll be late for work again！” The possible explanation for the trouble is that John is at his temperatureandenergy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has.You cant change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help, Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe youre sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway. If so, staying up later than you want to may counteract your cycle in some way. If our energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour. This wont change your cycle, but youll get up steam and work better at your low point.Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a comfortable yawn and stretch. Sit on the edge of the bed for a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了人体的能量循环，告诉人们最好在能量顶峰时期工作。【长难句分析】During the hours when you work, you may say that youre“hot”Thats true.The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak(顶峰)。分析：本句中第一个when引导定语从句，第二个when也引导定语从句，修饰先行词The time of day，第三个when引导表语从句；that引导宾语从句。译文：当你工作的时候，你可能会说你很“热”，那是真的。一天中你感到精力最充沛的时候是当你的体温周期达到顶峰时。8Dr. Kleitman explains that a person is difficult to get up in the morning probably because ofAhis own laziness Bhis own energy cycleChis own habit Dhis bad rest at night答案与解析：B考查细节理解。根据第一段第二句中的“but Dr.Kleitman has a new explanation.He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle”可知，Dr.Kleitman认为一个人早上很难起床，可能是因为他有自己的能量循环。9According to the passage, peoples energy peak may come _.Ain the morning Bin the eveningCin the afternoon Dat different hours答案与解析：D考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“For some people the peak. in the afternoon or evening”可推知，人们的能量顶峰可能会在不同的时间出现。10What does the underlined word “it” in the third paragraph refer to?ALife. BGood habit.CEnergy cycle. DChange.答案与解析：C考查代词指代。根据上文中的“You cant change your energy cycle”的描述可知，此处代词it指代前面提到的能量循环。11If the finding is true, its best to _.Ado your work at the energy peakBmanage to control your temperCwork at the bottom of energy cycleDmanage to keep you clean all day答案与解析：A考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“During the hours when you. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak (顶峰)”的描述可推知，如果这个发现是真的，那么最好在能量顶峰时期做你的工作。D2019济南市针对性练习Many people traveled to Las Vegas, Nevada during January 5th to 8th, 2017 for the 50th Consumer Electronics Show, or CES. The show is said to have the largest collection of new electronic devices in the world.The show had many examples of “smart home” devices. “Smart home” technology is designed to make life easier for people by letting computers control many things inside their homes. One such device actually begins working outside the home, when someone arrives and rings the doorbell.“When someone comes to your front door and rings the doorbell, the light can turn on immediately. I get a notification when Im halfway around the world that someone came, and I can start talking to the person whos at my front door, and I can say, Oh, here let me let you in. I can unlock the door for him very easily，” said Vivint, a smart home service provider.One electronics maker launched a device that lets people see and interact with their animals when they are away. The device, from Petcube, lets you remotely watch and talk to your pet through a personal device, according to a company official. It can even give the pet a treatif you approve and order it.For heating or cooling, there is a smart thermostat. This device can also send you a message if a big storm causes leaks or flooding. “Were trying to catch it with just a few drips before it becomes a real big problem，” said Mike Sale of iDevices.A concern for many homeowners is the possibility that someone else might find a way to attack these smart home devices. An official from Vivint said his company is sure that only owners of the home can gain use of information on the devices. Warren Katz from iDevices said his company employs engineers from the defense industry to help prevent hacking.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。内华达州的拉斯维加斯于2017年1月5日至8日举办了第50届消费类电子产品展览会，其中的智能家居设备令人耳目一新。【长难句分析】A concern for many homeowners is the possibility that someone else might find a way to attack these smart home devices.分析：该句为主从复合句。句中“that someone else might find a way to attack these smart home devices”为that引导的同位语从句，解释说明possibility的具体内容。译文：许多房主担心的是，可能会有人找到攻击这些智能家居设备的方法。12What can be learned about the show?AIt created much attraction to consumers.BIt has been held in Las Vegas many times.CIt only exhibited smart home devices.DIt is the largest show ever held.答案与解析：A考查细节理解。根据第一段“Many people traveled to Las Vegas，Nevada during January 5th to 8th,2017 for the 50th Consumer Electronics Show，or CES.The show is said to have the largest collection of new electronic devices in the world”可知，许多人前往内华达州的拉斯维加斯参加第50届消费类电子产品展览会，据说该展览展出了世界上最多的新型电子设备；结合下文介绍的“电子门铃”“智能恒温器”等可知，该展览会创造了很多吸引顾客的亮点，故A项正确。13Whats the purpose of Paragraph 3?ATo explain how to answer the door.BTo illustrate a smart home device.CTo tell a story about nice devices.DTo introduce a home service provider.答案与解析：B考查目的意图。根据第三段中的“When someone comes to your front door and rings the doorbell，the light can turn on immediately.I get a notification when Im halfway around the world that someone came, and I can start talking to the person whos at my front door”可知，当有人来到你的前门按门铃时，灯就会立刻亮起来；当我不在家的时候，我收到了一个通知，通知我有人来了，我可以开始和在我家前门的人说话。据此可知，该段旨在说明一种智能家居设备，故B项正确。14What may happen in the future according to the given examples?AComputers may replace human workers one day.BA stranger can come into your house even if youre out.CThe house can repair for itself if a storm causes damage.DYou can take good care of your animals while youre away.答案与解析：D考查推理判断。根据第四段第一句“One electronics maker launched a device that lets people see and interact with their animals when they are away”可知，一家电子产品制造商推出了一款设备，让人们不在家时也可以看到他们的动物，并与它们互动。据此可以推断，将来如果使用这种设备，你可以在你不在家时也能照颐好你的动物，故D项正确。15What can be inferred about the smart home device from the last paragraph?AInformation on the devices is easy to get.BMany of the devices are not available now.CHomeowners are concerned about its operation.DIts safety can be guaranteed at present.答案与解析：D考查推理判断。根据最后一段第二句“An official from Vivint said his company is sure that only owners of the home can gain use of information on the devices”可知，智能家居设备公司确信只有房屋所有者才能使用这些设备上的信息。据此可以推断，目前这款智能家居设备是确保安全的，故D项正确。
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