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Unit 4 Astronomy- the science of the stars课时作业grammar.阅读理解A 2019贵阳监测 Nov. 21 is World Hello Day. It began back in the 1970s as part of an effort to make the world more peaceful. It was created just after the war between Israel and Egypt in 1973. The philosophy (哲学) behind it is: Say “Hello” and stop war.It sounds like a fine idea, but most of us know that simply saying “Hello” wont bring about world peace. Still, on a smaller range, the simple act of saying “Hello” to someone can make a lot of difference.This might not be obvious. After all, its such a casual thing and requires so little effort. You raise your head to someone as you pass by them in the school corridor(走廊), say “Hello”， and then its over.Although we might not realize it, a small thing like a greeting can mean a lot to a person. Many people are lonely because theyre shy. They find it difficult to communicate with people, even though they want to. It leads to them feeling cut off.On this basis, maybe its a good idea, not just on Nov. 21, but every day, to remember to say “Hello” to as many people as we can. The stranger who hears your greeting may secretly smile in their heart. You might even make their day. Greeting other people is the easiest way to be polite.Politeness is the way we individual humans link up with the rest of the human world outside of our circles of family and friends.Politeness is one of the aspects of culture that make us a society rather than just many individuals living in the same space. No one said it better than the French author Joseph Joubert: “Politeness is the flower of humanity.” A “Hello” to a stranger is a small thing, and often neglected(忽视), but through it we can make the world better for another person. 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了世界问候日的由来及意义的相关信息。1What is World Hello Day intended for?APhilosophy. BPeace.CPoliteness. DWar. 答案与解析：B考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Nov. 21 is World Hello Day. It began back in the 1970s as part of an effort to make the world more peaceful”可知，世界问候日设立的初衷是为了和平。2What has an effect on people most?ARaising heads to others. BDoing something casually. CMeeting in the school corridor. DThe simple act of saying “Hello”答案与解析：D考查细节理解。根据第二段第二句“Still, on a smaller range, the simple act of sayingHello to someone can make a lot of difference”可知，对别人影响最大的是打招呼这种简单的行为。3Why do some people feel lonely?AThey are unwilling to communicate with others. BThey are too shy to communicate with others. CThey are very fond of living alone. DThey dont like doing things as others do.答案与解析：B考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“Many people are lonely because theyre shy. cut off”可知，一些人感到孤独的原因是他们太害羞了，不敢和别人交流。4What can we learn from the last paragraph?AWe should neglect a small thing. BSaying “Hello” to others is powerful. CThe flowers make the world better. DNo one is better than Joseph Joubert.答案与解析：B考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“AHello to a stranger is a small thing, and often neglected(忽视), but through it we can make the world better for another person”可知，向别人打招呼是有影响力的。B2019陕西检测二Whenever I hear a recording of John Denver singing“Sunshine on My Shoulders”， I find myself smiling, drawn to a love of the sun and the outdoors Ive had for years as a Michigan native. Walking barefoot to the lake, playing without shirts in the sunlight, and breathing fresh air feel good. As a doctor I can tell you they are also good for your heart.Studies have found higher rates of high blood pressure among people with the lowest sun exposure. One reason may be due to nitric oxide (一氧化氮), a gas whose function is activated when your skin is exposed to the suns rays. It reduces both heart attack and stroke risks. Vitamin D, which sunlight helps your body produce, is also linked to better health. So walk outdoors for 15 to 30 minutes daily.In Japan, walking through forests to keep healthy has become a popular practice. Apparently they want to enjoy the fresh air. But research on 280 volunteers found that people had a reduced heart rate, and lower blood pressure when they walked through a forest than when they spent time in an urban area.One of the consequences of modern society is that rarely is our body in direct contact with the ground. The earth has an electrical current. Direct contact with it may be stabilizing force for good health. Although “earthing” or “grounding” is considered alternative by mainstream medicine, research shows that the practice seems to be able to reduce heart disease risks.So, walk around barefoot wherever possible, let your backyard grass tickle your feet, and dig your toes into sandy beaches. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。作者通过叙述自己的经历、感受和一些研究发现，告诉人们户外活动有益于心脏。【难句分析】One reason may be due to nitric oxide (一氧化氮), a gas whose function is activated when your skin is exposed to the suns rays. 分析：本句包含whose引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a gas；when引导时间状语从句。译文：原因之一可能是当你的皮肤暴露在阳光下时，一氧化氮的功能被激活。 5The first paragraph is meant to _. Ashow the author likes the song very muchBput forward the argument of the passageCsuggest that the author loves nature crazilyDindicate the author is a Michigan native答案与解析：B考查推理判断。根据第一段“Whenever I hear a recording of John Denver singingSunshine on My Shoulders， I find myself smiling, drawn to a love of the sun and the outdoors Ive had for years as a Michigan native. Walking barefoot to the lake, playing without shirts in the sunlight, and breathing fresh air feel good. As a doctor I can tell you they are also good for your heart”的描述可知，作者写这段的目的是为了提出文章的论点。 6Sunbathings good for heart because _.Athe suns rays make nitric oxide workBsunlight can help people keep warmCthe suns rays can help replace vitamin DDvitamin D reduces blood circulation答案与解析：A考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“One reason may be due to nitric oxide (一氧化氮), a gas whose function is activated when your skin is exposed to the suns rays. It reduces both heart attack and stroke risks”的描述可推知，日光浴对心脏有好处是因为阳光能使一氧化氮工作。7Its believed that walking through forests can _. Amake people popularBhelp breathe in fresh airCreduce blood pressureDhelp escape noisy cities答案与解析：C考查细节理解。根据第三段第三句“But research on 280 volunteers found that people had a reduced heart rate, and lower blood pressure when they walked through a forest than when they spent time in an urban area”的描述可知，人们普遍认为穿过森林可以降低血压。 8The best title of the passage should be _. ANitric Oxide Has Magic FunctionsBWalking Barefoot Builds the BodyCSunbathing is Good for HealthDOutdoor Activities Benefit the Heart答案与解析：D考查主旨大意。根据全文内容，尤其是第一段中的“Walking barefoot. for your heart”及最后一段“So, walk around barefoot wherever possible, let your backyard grass tickle your feet, and dig your toes into sandy beaches”可知，这篇文章的主旨是户外活动有益于心脏。.完形填空2019济南高考模拟On a recent trip to California, I was introduced to Smile Cards. I promised myself to_1_an act of kindness before I left California. I _2_ thinking about it but I didnt know what to do.I reached the airport and the _3_ was about to begin when I saw an ice cream store. I went in and told the guy at the store that I _4_ to do an act of kindness. The guy, named Jose, looked confused. _5_ I explained I had just attended a conference, where I was told Smile Cards and _6_ to do an act of kindness. Jose showed _7_. I told Jose, “Whoever is your next _8_， treat them to some ice cream and then give them this Smile Card.” Jose _9_ read the card and agreed with a smile that was both grateful and _10_ at the same time.Since this was my first time, I wanted to know the _11_ of the receiver. “Jose, I have to catch a _12_， but here is my cell phone number. Would you be _13_ enough to call me and tell me the persons reaction？” He _14_.I went to my gate, and as I was about to board, Jose _15_， “I did the act of kindness. The person was very _16_， and asked me to express thanks to the person who paid for it！” I again thanked Jose and boarded the flight feeling _17_.I really want to _18_ this practice of kindness. I am a professor and I love my work _19_ it makes a difference in the lives of others. And now, I realize that I can do that everywhere. The whole world is my _20_.【语篇解读】本文为记叙文，讲述了作者受“微笑卡”的启发请别人免费吃冰激凌的故事。作者内心感到骄傲，并打算继续做这种善事。【核心词汇】keep doing sth.继续做某事，重复做某事boarding登机，上船confused困惑的inspire激励，鼓舞curiously好奇地1A.start BfindCprove Dexplain答案与解析：A根据第一段中的“but I didnt know what to do”及第三段中的“Since this was my first time”可知，作者以前没有做过这样的善事，因此作者决定离开加利福尼亚之前开始做善事，故选A项。 2A.practiced BenjoyedCtried Dkept答案与解析：D作者老是想这件事，但不知道怎么做。keep doing sth.意为“继续做某事，重复做某事”，故选D项。 3A.working BboardingCshopping Dbooking答案与解析：B根据第四段中的“I went to my gate, and as I was about to board”及“I again thanked Jose and boarded the flight feeling _17_”可知，作者抵达飞机场并且马上就要登机了，这时作者看见一家冰激凌店。boarding意为“登机，上船”，故选B项。 4A.managed BchoseCwanted Dforgot 答案与解析：C根据上文可知，作者一直想做善事，因此作者走进这个冰激凌店，告诉店员他想做善事，故选C项。 5A.Then BAgainCYet DAnyhow答案与解析：A根据空前的“The guy, named Jose, looked confused”可知，冰激凌店的店员不太明白作者的意思，因此作者得给他解释一下，前后句为顺承的关系，应用then，故选A项。 6A.forced BorderedCallowed Dinspired答案与解析：D根据上文中的“On a recent trip to California, I was introduced to Smile Cards. I promised myself to _1_ an act of kindness before I left California”可知，作者是受到“微笑卡”的启发决定做善事的。inspire意为“激励，鼓舞”，故选D项。 7A.relief BinterestCsatisfaction Ddelight答案与解析：BJose表现出了兴趣。relief“减轻，宽慰”；interest“兴趣”；satisfaction“满足”；delight“高兴”，故选B项。 8A.visitor BassistantCcustomer Dfriend答案与解析：C作者告诉Jose：“无论谁是你的下一位顾客，请他们吃些冰激凌并且给他们这个微笑卡。”customer意为“顾客”，故选C项。 9A.curiously BcalmlyCpolitely Dnervously答案与解析：A由上文可推知，冰激凌店店员Jose并不了解“微笑卡”，因此会好奇地读这张卡片。curiously“好奇地”；calmly“镇静地”；politely“礼貌地”；nervously“紧张地”，故选A项。 10A.annoyed BtiredCfrightened Dconfused答案与解析：D根据上文并结合选项可知，Jose好奇地读了这张卡片，带着感激和困惑的微笑同意了。annoyed“恼怒的，烦恼的”；tired“累的”；frightened“害怕的”；confused“困惑的”，故选D项。 11A.reply BreactionCexpression Ddecision答案与解析：B根据下文中的“Would you be _13_ enough to call me and tell me the persons reaction”可知，作者想知道接受者的反应。reaction意为“反应”，故选B项。 12A.bus BtrainCflight Dtaxi答案与解析：C根据上文中的“I reached the airport and the _3_ was about to begin”及下文中的“I again thanked Jose and boarded the flight feeling _17_”可知，作者要赶飞机。catch a flight意为“赶上飞机”，故选C项。 13A.kind BbraveCwise Dreliable答案与解析：A句意：劳烦你给“我”打电话并告诉“我”这个人的反应好吗？would you be kind enough to do sth.“劳烦您做某事好吗”为习惯用法，故选A项。 14A.refused BagreedCsighed Dfailed答案与解析：B根据下文Jose给作者打电话的内容“I did the act of kindness. The person was very _16_， and asked me to express thanks to the person who paid for it”可知，Jose同意了给作者打电话，故选B项。 15A.arrived BshoutedCappeared Dcalled答案与解析：D根据上文中的“Would you be _13_ enough to call me and tell me the persons reaction”可知，作者请求Jose给他打电话，因此这里指Jose打来电话了，故选D项。 16A.happy BactiveCspecial Dclever答案与解析：A根据本句中的“and asked me to express thanks to the person who paid for it”可知，接受者想向为冰激凌付款的人表示感谢，因此可以推断接受者非常高兴，故选A项。 17A.safe BluckyCproud Denergetic答案与解析：C作者再次感谢Jose并且自豪地登上了飞机。safe“安全的”；lucky“幸运的”；proud“自豪的”；energetic“精力充沛的”，故选C项。 18A.introduce BdescribeCexplore Dcontinue答案与解析：D作者真的想要继续做这种善事。根据下文中的“And now, I realize that I can do that everywhere”可知，作者觉得在任何地方都可以做这样的善事，由此推知作者想继续做善事，故选D项。 19A.once BbecauseCif Dthough答案与解析：B作者是一个教授，他爱自己的工作，因为它可以在其他人的生活中产生影响。前后为因果关系，应用表示因果关系的连词because，故选B项。20A.homeland BbattlefieldCplayground Dmainland答案与解析：C根据空前一句“And now, I realize that I can do that everywhere”可知，作者觉得在任何地方都可以做这样的善事。playground意为“活动场所”，故选C项。
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