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Unit 3 The Million Pound Bank Note课时作业Using language阅读理解The oddness (反常) of life in space never quite goes away. Here are some examples.First consider something as simple as sleep. Its position presents its own challenges. The main question is whether you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag. If you leave your arms out, they float free in zero gravity, often giving a sleeping astronaut the look of a funny balled (芭蕾) dancer. “Im an inside guy,” Mike Hopkins says, who returned from a six-month tour on the International Space Station. “I like to be wrapped up.”On the station, the ordinary becomes strange. The exercise bike for the American astronauts has no handlebars. It also has no seat. With no gravity, its just as easy to pedal violently. You can watch a movie while you pedal by floating a microcomputer anywhere you want. But station residents have to be careful about staying in one place too long. Without gravity to help circulate air, the carbon dioxide you exhale (呼气) has a tendency to form an invisible (隐形的) cloud around you head. You can end up with what astronauts call a carbon-dioxide headache.Leroy Chiao, 54, an American retired astronaut after four flights, describes what happens even before you float out of your seat, “Your inner ear thinks youre falling. Meanwhile your eyes are telling you youre standing straight. That can be annoyingthats why some people feel sick.” Within a couple daystruly terrible days for some astronauts, brains learn to ignore the panicky signals from the inner ear, and space sickness disappears.Space travel can be so delightful but at the same time invisibly dangerous. For instance, astronauts lose bone mass. Thats why exercise is considered so vital that National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) puts it right on the workday schedule. The focus on fitness is as much about science and the future as it is about keeping any individual astronauts return home, and, more importantly, how to maintain strength and fitness for the two and a half years or more that it would take to make a round-trip to Mars.1.What is the major challenge to astronauts when they sleep in space?A.Deciding on a proper sleep positionB.Choosing a comfortable sleeping bagC.Seeking a way to fall asleep quicklyD.Finding a right time to go to sleep.2.The astronauts will suffer from a carbon-dioxide headache when _.A.they circle around on their bikesB.they use microcomputers without a stopC.they exercise in one place for a long timeD.they watch a movie while pedaling3.Some astronauts feel sick on the station during the first few days because _.A.their senses stop workingB.they have to stand up straightC.they float out of their seats unexpectedlyD.whether they are able to go back to the station4.One of the NASAs major concerns about astronauts is _.A.how much exercise they do on the stationB.how they can remain healthy for long in spaceC.whether they can recover after returning homeD.whether they are able to go back to the station【答案及解析】：答案：1.A; 2.C; 3.D; 4.B解析：1.这是一篇说明文。本文通过举例说明了太空生活的奇妙:在太空睡觉时,对宇航员来说主要的挑战在于恰当的睡眠姿势;宇航员在一个地方运动久了会出现碳毒性头痛;宇航员的大脑接收到矛盾的信息时会感到恶心。最后告诉我们美国国家宇航局对宇航员主要的担心是宇航员回家后的修养期和如何在太空长久地保持健康。细节理解题。根据第二段第一、二句“First consider something as simple as sleep. Its position presents its own challenges.”可知在太空睡觉时,对宇航员来说主要的挑战在于恰当的睡眠姿势。故选A项。2.细节理解题。根据第三段中“But station residents have to be careful about staying in one place too long. You can end up with what astronauts call a carbon-dioxide headache”可知宇航员在一个地方运动久了会出现碳毒性头痛。故选C项。3.细节理解题。根据第四段中“Your inner ear thinks youre failing. Meanwhile your eyes are telling you youre standing straight. That can be annoying-thats why some people feel sick.”可知宇航员在大脑接收到矛盾的信息时会感到恶心。故选D项。4.细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第一、二句“The focus on fitness is as much about science and the future as is about keeping any individual astronaut healthyNASA is worried about two things : and, more importantly, how maintain strength and fitness”可知美国国家宇航局对宇航员主要的担心之一是如何在太空长久地保持健康。故选B项。BPlanning a visit to the UK? Here we help with ways to cut your costs. AVOID BIG EVENTS Big sporting events, concerts and exhibitions can increase the cost of accommodation and make it harder to find a room. A standard double room at the Thistle Brighton on the final Friday of the Brighton Comedy Festival(19 Oct.)cost169.15 at Booking.com. A week later, the same room cost 118.15. If you can be flexible and want to know dates to avoidor youre looking for a big event to pass your time-check out sites such as Whatsonwhen.com, which allow you to search for events in the UK by city, date and category. STAY AWAY FROM THE STATION If traveling to your destination by train,you may want to find a good base close to the station,but you could end up paying more for the sake of convenience at the start of your holiday. Dont be too choosy about the part of town you stay in.Booking two months in advance,the cheapest room at Travelodges Central Euston hotel in London for Saturday 22 September was 95.95.A room just a tube journey away at its Covent Garden hotel was75.75.And at Farringdon,a double room cost just 62.95. LOOK AFTER YOURSELF Really central hotels in cities such as London,Edinburgh and Cardiff can cost a fortune,especially at weekends and during big events.As an alternative consider checking into a self-catering flat with its own kitchen.Often these flats are hidden away on the top floors of city centre buildings.A great example is the historic ONeill Flat on Edinburghs Royal Mile,available for420 for five days in late September,with room for four adults. GET ON A BIKE Londons“Boris Bikes”have attracted the most attention,but other cities also have similar programmes that let you rent a bicycle and explore at your own pace,saving you on public transport or car parking costs. Among the smaller cities with their own programmes are Newcastle(casual members pay around 1.50 for two hours) and Cardiff(free for up to 30 minutes,or 5 per day).5.The Brighton Comedy Festival is mentioned mainly to show big events may_.A.help travelers pass timeB.attract lots of travelers to theUKC.allow travelers to make flexible plansD.cause travelers to pay more for accommodation6.“Farringdon” in Paragraph 5 is most probably _.A.a hotel away from the train stationB.the tube line to Covent GardenC.all ideal holiday destinationD.the name of a travel agency7.Cardiffs program allows a free bike for a maximum period of _.A.half an hourB.one hourC.one hour and a halfD.two hours8.The main purpose of the passage is _.A.to tell visitors how to book in advanceB.to supply visitors with hotel informationC.to show visitors the importance of self-helpD.to offer visitors some money-saving tips【答案及解析】：答案：1.D; 2.A; 3.A; 4.D解析：1.推理判断题。文章提到同样的一间房在盛大节日和非盛大节日时的价格不同,因此这里是说在重大事件发生时旅行者付的住宿费要高一些。2.推理判断题。此段的标题讲住宿要远离车站,而作者列举Farringdon的双人间价格非常便宜,因此可以推断Farrningdon是一个离车站比较远的宾馆。3.细节理解题。根据文章最后一句中的“Cardiff(free for up to 30 minutes,or 5 per day)”可知,Cardiff能提供30分钟的自行车免费租用时间。4.写作意图题。文章主要介绍了在英国旅游时一些省钱的方法,因此D项是最佳选项。CEase neck and shoulder pain at the office If you work in an office, keeping neck and shoulder pain away may only take two minutes a day. A new study presented at the World Congress of the American College of Sports Medicine in Denver found that office workers doing two minutes of exercise a day reported lower levels of neck and shoulder pain after 10 weeks. The study by Danish researchers involved 198 office workers who had frequent neck and shoulder pain but were otherwise healthy. The workers did either a 2-minute or a 12-minute resistance exercise using elastic tubing. The exercise was a lateral raise, in which the upper arm is raised until it is horizontal and the arms are 10 to 15 inches from the body, says Lars Andersen, the lead researcher. After 10 weeks, the workers who had performed two minutes of daily exercise reported on average a 1.4-point decrease in pain on a 10-point scale. Workers who did 12 minutes of daily exercise had an even lower level of pain, but the difference was not very significant. Though the study may give new encouragement to workers to add even small amounts of exercise into their daily routines, the connection between lower levels of pain and exercise is well-documented, says Lynn Miller, a professor of physical therapy at Andrews University in Berrien Springs, Mich., who was not involved in the study. Even short periods of exercise can help loosen up tight muscles and bring the body back into proper level, Miller says. Office-induced pain also can be reduced by making sure your workspace is set up properly. “For office workers,usually posture is not good, Miller says. Arms are often forward for prolonged periods, and reading a computer screen tends to bring the head into a forward position.9.In which column of a newspaper could we find this passage?A.Entertainment.B.Sports.C.Business.D.Lifestyle.10.According to the passage, where did the researchers come from?A.Germany.B.America.C.Denmark.D.Britain.11.The third paragraph mainly tells us_.A.the reason why the study was carried outB.the people who carried out the researchC.how the study was carried out in detailD.how to exercise every day12.Which of the following words best describes Lynn Millers attitude towards the study result?A.Supportive.B.Negative.C.Shocked.D.Doubtful.【答案及解析】：答案：1.D; 2.C; 3.C; 4.A解析：1.推理判断题. 根据第一段可知,本文是有关办公室内工作人员,一天可能仅花2分钟的时间就能避免颈部和肩部的疼痛问题。且全文也是针对这项内容进行介绍的。故可确定本文可能出现在报纸的“Lifestyle”版面上。故选D项。误解分析:A项意为“娱乐”;B项意为“运动”;C项意为“商业”。2.细节理解题. 根据第三段的“ The study by Danish researchers.”可知,进行这项研究的人员是来自丹麦的,故C项符合题意.3.主旨大意题。本段内容主要告诉我们参与研究的实验对象以及这些人运动的时间和运用的具体方法。故C项符合题意。4.推理判断题. 根据第五段的“.the connection between lower levels of pain and exercise is well-documented, says Lynn Miller,. 以及第六段的第一句可知,Lynn Miller是支持研究结果的。故A项符合题意。误解分析:supportive支持的;negative否定的,消极的;shocked震惊的;doubtful怀疑的.DBeauty has always been regarded as something praiseworthy. Almost everyone thinks attractive people are happier, have better marriages and have more respectable jobs. Personal advisors give them better advice for finding jobs. Even judges are softer with attractive defendants. But in the executive(主管的) circle,beauty can become a liability. While attractiveness is a positive factor for a man on his way up the executive ladder,it is harmful to a woman.Handsome male executives were considered as having more honesty than plain men, and effort and ability were thought to lead to their success. Attractive female executives were considered to have less honesty than unattractive ones; their success was connected not with ability but with factors such as luck. All unattractive women executives were thought to have more honesty and to be more capable than the attractive female executives. Interestingly, though, the overnight success of the unattractive was attributed more to personal relationships and less to ability than that of the attractive. Why are attractive women not thought to be able? An attractive woman is considered to be more feminine and an attractive man more manly than the less attractive ones. Thus, an attractive woman has an advantage in traditionally female jobs, hut an attractive woman in a traditionally manly position appears to lack the “manly” qualities required. This is true even in politics. kiWhen the only clue is how he or she looks,people treat men and women differently,says Anne Bowman, who recently published a study on the effects of attractiveness on political candidates (候选人). She asked 125 undergraduate students to rank two groups of photographs, one of men and the other of women,in the order of attractiveness. The students were told the photographs were of candidates for political offices. They were asked to rank them again, in the order they would vote for them. The results showed that attractive males completely defeated unattractive men, hut the women who had been ranked the most attractive unchangeably received the fewest votes.13.The word “liability” most probably means_.A.disadvantageB.advantageC.misfortuneD.trouble14.It can be inferred from the passage that peoples views on beauty are often_.A.practicalB.supportiveC.old-fashionedD.one-sided15.The author writes this passage to_.A.give advice to job-seekers who are attractiveB.discuss the disadvantages of being attractiveC.demand equal rights for womenD.state the importance of appearance【答案及解析】：答案：1.A; 2.D; 3.B解析：1.文章开头讲了漂亮在工作、生活中的众多优势,但最后发生了转折 “But in the executive circle,beauty can become a liability. ”在管理圈内,漂亮有可能变为不利。disadvantage“不利之处”;misfortune“不幸 ”。2.one-side “片面的通过实验表明在不同的行业,不同时代“漂亮”的作用是不一样的。3.在第一段最后一句内容发生转折以后,后面几段都在探讨“漂亮”的不利的一面。
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