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Unit 4 Astronomy- the science of the stars课时作业language points.阅读理解A2019南昌模拟When I was five or six years old, I remember watching TV and seeing other children suffer in other parts of the world. I would say to myself, “When I grow up, when I can get rich, I will save kids all over the world.”At 17, I started my career here in America, and by the age of 18, I started my first charity organization. I went on to team up with other organizations in the following years, and met, helped, and even lost some of the most beautiful souls, from sixyearold Jasmina Anema who passed away in 2010 from leukemia (白血病), and whose story inspired thousands to volunteer as donors, to my grandmother, who lost her battle with cancer in 2012, and her death is the very reason and the driving force behind the Clara Lionel Foundation (CLF). Were all human. And we all just want a chance: a chance at life, a chance in education, a chance at a future, really. And at CLF, our mission is to impact as many lives as possible, but it starts with just one.People make it seem too hard to do charity work. The truth is, you dont have to be rich to help others. You dont need to be famous. You dont even have to be collegeeducated. But it starts with your neighbor, the person right next to you, the person sitting next to you in class, the kid down the block in your neighborhood. You just do whatever you can to help in any way that you can. And today, I want to challenge each of you to make a commitment to help one person, one organization, one situation that touches your heart. My grandmother always used to say, “If youve got a dollar, theres plenty to share.”【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。小时候在电视中看到世界的一些地方遭受困苦的孩子时，“我”便下定决心长大后要帮助他们；十八岁时“我”创立了自己的第一个慈善组织。慈善无关贫富，无关名誉，无关教育背景；从帮助身边的人做起，你将成就你的事业。【长难句分析】And today, I want to challenge each of you to make a commitment to help one person，one organization，one situation that touches your heart.分析：该句为主从复合句。句中“that touches your heart”为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词“one situation”，关系词指代先行词在从句中作主语。译文：并且今天，我想要要求你们每个人，做出一份承诺来帮助一个人，一个组织，一个感动你内心的场合。1What did the author want to do at a young age?AWatch TV. BGrow up quickly.CBecome wealthy. DHelp other children.答案与解析：D考查细节理解。根据第一段中的第二句“I would say to myself，When I grow up, when I can get rich，I will save kids all over the world.”并结合第一段内容可知，小时候在电视中看到受苦的孩子，作者想要在长大后帮助他们，故D项正确。2What directly caused the author to create and develop the CLF?AA sixyearold kids request.BHer grandmothers death of cancer.CMany volunteers inspiration.DOther organizations encouragement.答案与解析：B考查细节理解。根据第二段第二句中的“to my grandmother，who lost her battle with cancer in 2012，and her death is the very reason and the driving force behind the Clara Lionel Foundation (CLF)”可知，在2012年，祖母不敌癌症病魔而去世，这促使作者成立了克拉拉莱昂内尔基金会(CLF)。据此可知，是作者的祖母患癌症去世这件事促使了作者成立并发展了克拉拉莱昂内尔基金会(CLF)，故B项正确。3What does the underlined word “one” in Paragraph 2 refer to?AA chance. BA task.CA life. DAn organization.答案与解析：C考查代词指代。根据第二段的最后一句“And at CLF，our mission is to impact as many lives as possible，but it starts with just one”可知，在克拉拉莱昂内尔基金会中，我们的任务是尽可能影响更多的生命，但这个任务从影响一个人的生命开始。根据该句中的“as many lives as possible”，结合“but. just one”可知，画线词one指代“a life”，故C项正确。【干扰项分析】A项意为“一个机会”，B项意为“一项任务”，D项意为“一个组织”，都与语境不符。4What does the author suggest people do in the last paragraph?ADo little things to help those around them.BWork hard to get a college education.CChallenge their friends to offer help.DDo charity work whoever you are.答案与解析：A考查推理判断。根据第三段中的第五句“But it starts with your neighbor，the person right next to you，the person sitting next to you in class, the kid down the block in your neighborhood”可知，慈善帮助可以从帮助你的邻居开始，帮助现在在你身边的人开始，帮助上课时坐在你旁边的人开始，帮助你家附近街区上的小孩开始。据此可以判断，作者建议慈善从帮助身边的人做起，故A项正确。B2019昆明市高三摸底调研测试A new study shows that rising levels of planetwarming gases may reduce important nutrients (营养物) in food crops.Researchers studied the effects of carbon dioxide on rice. In the experiment, scientists grew 18 kinds of rice in fields in China and Japan. They set carbon dioxide levels to what scientists are predicting for our planet by the end of the century. Rice grown under high carbon dioxide conditions had, on average, 13 to 30 percent lower levels of four B vitamins and 10 percent less protein (蛋白质). The crops also had 8 percent less iron and 5 percent less zinc than rice grown under normal conditions. However, vitamin E levels increased by about 13 percent on average. The researchers said the effects of planetwarming gases would be most severe for the poorest citizens in some of the least developed countries. These people generally eat the most rice and have the least complex diets. That includes about 600 million people in Indonesia, Cambodia, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Laos and other nations, mainly in Southeast Asia.Other studies have shown that higher temperatures from climate change and weather extremes will reduce food production. And scientists are finding that rising levels of carbon dioxide and other planetwarming gases threaten food quality.Earlier studies showed that wheat, rice, field peas and soybeans grown under high carbon dioxide conditions all had lower levels of protein and minerals. Scientists predicted that almost 150 million people might be at risk of having too little protein or zinc in their diet by 2050.The new study suggests a way to lower the nutritional harm of climate change. That is to grow different forms of rice that can adapt to higher carbon dioxide levels.【解题导语】本文介绍了温室气体如何减少粮食作物中的营养物质以及降低气候变化对营养物的损害的方法。【长难句分析】Earlier studies showed that wheat，rice，field peas and soybeans grown under high carbon dioxide conditions all had lower levels of protein and minerals.分析：本句为复合句。主句的主语是Earlier studies，主句的谓语动词为showed，that引导宾语从句；宾语从句中的主语“wheat，rice，field peas and soybeans”后接作定语的过去分词短语“grown under high carbon dioxide conditions”。译文：之前的研究表明，在高二氧化碳条件下种植的小麦、水稻、红豌豆和大豆都含有较低水平的蛋白质和矿物质。5Growing rice under high carbon dioxide conditions may _.Aincrease iron in the riceBmake it less nutritiousCcause losses of Vitamin EDmake it more delicious答案与解析：B考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Rice grown under high carbon dioxide conditions had，on average,13 to 30 percent lower levels. less protein(蛋白质)”可知，B项为正确答案。A、C、D三项的表述均与原文表述不符。6How can people reduce the nutritional harm of climate change?ABy importing rice from China and Japan.BBy taking other kinds of food instead of rice.CBy avoiding eating rice from Southeast Asia.DBy growing rice suitable for the environment.答案与解析：D考查细节理解。根据文章最后一句“That is to grow different forms of rice that can adapt to higher carbon dioxide levels”可知，D项为正确答案。7Whats the authors purpose of writing the text?ATo inform readers what nutrients food crops contain.BTo call on people to care for the planet they live on.CTo share the results of some studies on peoples diets.DTo tell readers where food crops are mainly produced.答案与解析：B考查写作意图。通读全文可知，本文通过介绍温室气体增加对粮食作物的影响来唤起人们对人类赖以生存的地球家园的保护。故选B。8In which part of a magazine can you read the text?AAdvertisements. BArt and culture.CScience reports. DBusiness news.答案与解析：C考查推理判断。通读全文，尤其是文中的“study”“Researchers”“studies”等可推知，本文是一篇研究报道，在杂志的科学报道部分能读到本文。.七选五2019太原模拟How to Be Productive in a Challenging EnvironmentA lot of organizations deal with challenges like maintaining productivity and quality of work. _1_ In this article, well share with you a few essential tips on staying focused at work.Prepare a to do list.Half the battle is won once you prioritize (优先处理) your tasks. Make a list of what need to be done. Plan your day through these lists and set realistic deadlines to accomplish each one of them. _2_Schedule your work.Dont overstretch yourself with your work. _3_ To avoid burnout, take a walk to renew your brain, allowing it to concentrate better. Though breaks are essential for a healthy workday, you must learn to take them with a pinch of salt. Frequent breaks can be addictive and can affect your work._4_Nowadays, being online on various social media platforms is a trend. Several notifications (通知) pop up every now and then, commanding your attention. If you are constantly attending to such notifications, how are you supposed to do meaningful work? While working on an important project, set your phone to silent mode or switch it off. If you really want to stay updated with your social media accounts, you can set specialized time slots to check your phone.Cut outside noise.Until you do away with noise, you wont be able to focus. Limiting auditory distractions is crucial in increasing your attention span. You can use noisecanceling headphones for that. _5_ In case that doesnt solve the problem, choose remote work for a day or two to regain your lost focus.Keep on practicing these positive habits and youll surely see a noticeable improvement in your productivity level at work.AAvoid distractions.BTake regular exercise.CRather, split your work into parts.DChanging your working environment may have unexpected benefits.EWhen you start prioritizing tasks, you wont just be focused but efficient, too.FIf you still cant concentrate, move to a quieter place, such as a conference room.GManagers are pressed to motivate their team members while boosting their productivity.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了在工作中保持专注的一些建议。1答案与解析：G根据本空前的句子“A lot of organizations deal with challenges like maintaining productivity and quality of work”可知，许多组织要应对既要保持生产效率又要保证工作质量的挑战。本题中的“productivity and quality of work”为关键词，故选G项。2答案与解析：E根据本段中的“Half the battle is won once you prioritize (优先处理) your tasks”可知，一旦你优先处理你的任务你就胜利了一半了。本题中的“prioritize(优先处理)”为关键词，故选E项。3答案与解析：C根据本段小标题Schedule your work及本空前的句子“Dont overstretch yourself with your work”可知，要学会安排你的工作，不要过长时间工作，因此C项(而要把你的工作分成几部分)与本段主旨相照应，故选C项。4答案与解析：A根据上下文可知，本空为本段小标题，根据本段中的“While working on an important project, set your phone to silent mode or switch it off”可知，在做重要工作的时候要把手机调成静音或者关掉。因此本段主要讲的是在工作的时候要专心，不要分心，故选A项。5答案与解析：F根据本段小标题Cut outside noise及本空前的句子“You can use noisecanceling headphones for that”和空后的句子“In case that doesnt solve the problem, choose remote work.”可知，前面讲了你可以使用消音耳机来消除外界的噪音，后面又讲了如果那也解决不了问题的话可以采用的方法。故本空应与上下文一致，介绍远离噪音的方法，F项(如果你仍然不能集中精力的话，搬到更安静的地方，比如会议室)符合题意。.短文改错2019陕西省部分学校第一学期摸底Most people expect their birthdays because of the presents they receive them. I have been getting my birthday presents but none of which have been remarkable so far. My parents always give me books which is fine but ordinary. Then, on my seventeen birthday, I got the best present ever. There was a white envelope. I opened it and find a key and a note. “Happy birthday, my dear nephew！” was written on hand. It was from his Aunt Jess. I looked at the key more closely but I realized it was a car key. This was best present. I became the owner of my own car thanks to my generously aunt.答案：Most people expect their birthdays because of the presents they receive . I have been getting my birthday presents but none of have been remarkable so far. My parents always give me books which fine but ordinary. Then, on my birthday, I got the best present ever. There was a white envelope. I opened it and a key and a note. “Happy birthday, my dear nephew！” was written hand. It was from Aunt Jess. I looked at the key more closely I realized it was a car key. This was best present. I became the owner of my own car thanks to my aunt.删除them。考查定语从句。they receive是一个省略了that的定语从句，修饰先行词the presents，关系词在从句中作receive的宾语，所以them多余。which改为them。考查代词。分析句子结构可知，but连接两个并列分句，此处并不是一个定语从句，所以把which改为them，指代my birthday presents。is改为are。考查主谓一致。which引导的定语从句修饰先行词books，关系词在从句中作主语，且先行词books是复数，所以把is改为are。seventeen改为seventeenth。考查序数词。此处表示“在我第十七个生日”，应该用序数词，所以把seventeen改为seventeenth。find改为found。考查时态。作者在回忆往事，表示发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时，所以把find改为found。hand前的on改为by。考查介词。“生日快乐，我亲爱的侄子！”这些字是手写的。on hand“在手头，在近旁”，by hand“手工”，故把on改为by。his改为my。考查代词。根据上文可知，这里表示“它来自我的姑姑Jess”，所以把his改为my。but改为and。考查连词。我更近地看着这把钥匙，然后意识到它是一把汽车钥匙。此处表示顺承，所以把but改为and。best前加the。考查冠词。这是我收到的最好的礼物。最高级前面用定冠词the。generously改为generous。考查词性转换。修饰名词用形容词，所以把generously改为generous。
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