直接英语和间接英语.ppt

帮你复习 语法 直接英语和间接英语句型转换 制作 冯军 一 句型的变化 一 如果直接引语是陈述句 间接引语一般是用that来引导 口语中that常可以省略 Iliketolistentorockmusic saidPeter Petersaidthathelikedtolistentorockmusic 温馨提示 如果直接引语中出现两个或两个以上的陈述句并列时 第一个that可以省略 后面一个不能省略 以免引起歧义 如 Theteachersaid Thetextisveryimportant Youshouldlearnitbyheart Theteachersaid that thetextisimportantandthatweshouldlearnitbyheart 二 如果直接引语是一般疑问句或选择疑问句时 间接引语常变为由whether if引导 而且要用陈述句语序 如 1 Theboyaskedhismother CanIgotoplayfootballwithmyfriendsonSaturday Theboyaskedhismotherwhether ifhecouldgotoplayfootballwithhisfriendsonSaturday 2 Willyougotothemuseumthisweekendornextweekend LiHuaaskedme LiHuaaskedmewhether ifIwouldgotothemuseumthisweekendorthenextweekend 三 如果直接引语是特殊问句 间接引语用特殊疑问词引导 而且用陈述句语序 如 Howmuchtimedoyouspendonthehomework heaskedme HeaskedmehowmuchtimeIspentonthehomework 四 如果间接引语是表示请求 提议 建议 劝告等意义的问句 要借助其他句型结构来表达 如 1 Wouldyoubuymesomestampswhileyouareintheoffice Hesaidtome HeaskedmetobuyhimsomestampswhileIamintheoffice 2 Whydon tyoucomeandplayfootballwithme Heasked Headvisedmetoplayfootballwithhim 温馨提示 表示请求 劝告时 通常用 ask advise want等 宾语 动词不定式 结构 五 如果直接引语是祈使句 间接引语要用不定式的复合结构改 即改为 tell ask order warn advise等 sb not todosth 如 1 Thepolicemansaidtothechildren Don tplayfootballinthestreet Thepolicemantoldthechildrennottoplayfootballinthestreet 2 Listentomecarefully please theteachersaidtous Theteachertoldustolistentohimcarefully 温馨提示 如果祈使句中出现了please 在间接引语中必须省略 六 如果直接引语是感叹句 变间接引语时 用what how或that来引述 如 Whatabeautifulhouseitis hesaidtome Hetoldmewhatabeautifulhouseitwas Hetoldmethatitwasabeautifulhouse 二 时态的变化 一 如果主句的时态是一般现在时或将来时 则间接引语中的时态不变 如 Hesays I mtootired Hesays that heistootired 二 如果主句的时态是一般过去时 则间接引语中的时态相应地变为与过去相关的时态 具体变化如下 一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时 1 Theoldmansaid GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina TheoldmansaidthatgreatchangeshadtakenplaceinChina 2 WangLiniswaitingforyououtsideoftheschoolgate LiFangsaidtome LiFangtoldmethatWangLinwaswaitingformeoutsideoftheschoolgate 温馨提示1 当转述的是客观事实 科学真理 格言或谚语 重复出现或现在习惯性的动作时 间接引语的时态不变化 如 1 Hesaid Theearthtravelsaroundthesun Hesaidthattheearthtravelsaroundthesun 2 Failureisthemotherofsuccess Theteachersaidtous Theteachertoldusthatfailureisthemotherofsuccess 温馨提示2 当直接引语中的谓语动词含有情态动词must need oughtto hadbetter等 变间接引语时 间接引语中谓语动词的形式不变 如 1 Hesaid Youhadbetteraskforhelpwhenyouareintrouble HesaidthatIhadbetteraskforhelpwhenIwasintrouble 三 人称代词的变化直接引语变为间接引语时 间接引语中作主语的人称代词或其他物主代词要作相应的变化 一般情况下要遵循以下几条原则 一 直接引语的主语是第一人称 变为间接引语时 要和主句的主语保持一致 如 CanIuseyourbikeforamoment theboysaidtome Theboyaskedmewhetherhecouldusemybikeformoment 二 直接引语的主语是第二人称 变为间接引语时 要和主句的宾语保持一致 如 TheteacheraskedJoan Whyareyoulateagain TheteacheraskedJoanwhyshewaslateagain 三 直接引语的主语是第三人称 变为间接引语时 间接引语中的主语人称不变 如 Heaskedme HowlonghasTeddystayedinChina HeaskedmehowlonghasTeddystayedinChina 四 主句谓语动词的变化 一 直接引语是陈述句 谓语动词是say said 的不变 是saidtosb 常变为toldsb 如 Hesaidtohisfriend Iamgladtoseeyou Hetoldhisfriendthathewasgladtoseehim 二 直接引语是特殊疑问句 一般疑问句或选择疑问句 said变为asked saidtosb 变为askedsb 如 Howcanyoudothat MarysaidtoBetty MaryaskedBettyhowshecoulddothat 三 直接引语是祈使句 变间接引语时 谓语动词可根据语气强弱选则beg advise ask tell order warn等 如果祈使句是否定句 还需在不定式符号to前加not 如 Isaidtoher Pleasepassmeaglassofwater Iaskedhertopassmeaglassofwater Shesaid Don tsmokeinthepublicplace Shetoldmenottosmokeinthepublicplace 四 直接引语是感叹句 变间接引语时 引述动词常用tell exclaim或say等 如 Howwellhelooks hesaid Heexclaimedhowwellhelooked Hesaidthathelookedwell 五 指示代词 时间状语 地点状语和方向性动词的变化 一 指示代词的变化thisthatthesethose但有时如果所说的东西就在眼前 也可不变 如 Hesaid Ilikethisbook Hesaidthathelikedthisbook 书在眼前 二 时间状语的变化todaythatdaythismorning afternoon etc thatmorning afternoon etc yesterdaythedaybeforetomorrowthefollowing nextdaythedayaftertomorrowtwodayslaternextweek month etc thenextweek month etc lastweek monththeweek monthbeforenowthen 如果引述的时间和说话时间相同 如就在同年 同月 同日 时间状语也可不变 如 MrBlacksaid IvisitedtheGreatWalllastyear MrBlacksaidthathehadvisitedtheGreatWalltheyearbefore MrBlacksaidthathehadvisitedtheGreatWalllastyear 三 地点和方向性动词的变化heretherecomego如果说话人所在地和引述地点相同 here come也可不变 如 Hesaid Iwillcomeherethisevening Hesaidthathewouldcomeherethisevening 同时同地引述 Hesaidthathewouldgotherethatevening 巩固练习 将下列句子变为间接引语或直接引语1 Hesaidtome Iwrotealettertomyparentslastweek He methat aletterto parents 2 Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest mothersaidtoherdaughter Mother herdaughterthatthesun uptheeastand inthewest toldhehadwritten histheweekbefore told rises sets 3 Don tbelateagain Jim saidtheteacher Theteacher belateagain 4 HaveyouseenthefilmHarryPotter heasked Heaskedme thefilmHarryPotter 5 MrWangaskedthestudentshowtheycouldimprovetheirspokenEnglish improve spokenEnglish MrWangsaidtothestudents toldJimnotto ifIhadseen Howcanyouyour GrammarII定语从句 1 定语从句的分类2 定语从句的引导词3 关系词的实质和先行词之间的关系4 关系代词和关系副词的用法及其容易混用的情况5 介词加关系代词的情况6 as引导的两种定语从句 3 先行词和关系词的关系 Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledTom Theboywhoseparentsaredeadwasbroughtupbyhisgrandfather TheschoolwhereIstudyisfarfrommyhome that themachine who theboy whose theboy s where intheschool 关系代词实际上是先行词的复指 关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格 关系副词实际上是介词 先行词 4 关系代词和关系副词的用法及其容易混用的情况 Fillintheblanks usingrelativepron orrelativeadv 1 Thisisthefactory Ionceworked 2 Thisisthefactory I vevisited 3 Theday IalwaysrememberisOct 1 4 Theday NanjingwasliberatedisSep 11 5 Thereason hehasn tcomeisthathehasbeenill 6 Don tbelievethereason hegiveyou where that which that which when why that AttributiveClause NOTES 1 当表示时间 地点 原因的名词 day time place factory reason等作先行词 在定语从句中作状语时 用when where why 在从句中作主语或宾语时 就用that或which 5 介词加关系代词的情况 Whenweusearelativepronounwithapreposition wehavetwochoices Placingtheprepositionbeforetherelativepronounismoreformal eg Thewomanwho whomSpielbergismarriedtoisanactress ThewomantowhomSpielbergismarriedisanactress ThepaintingatwhichIlookedwaspaintedbyVincentvanGogh Thegirlwithwhomyoutalkedisacollegestudent AttributiveClause Prep which whom1 介词与定语从句的先行词是一种习惯性的搭配 Thefarm Ionceworkedhastakenonanewlook 2 介词与从句中的动词是一种习惯性的搭配 Whoistheman ourteacherisshakinghands 3 介词与从句中的形容词一起构成一种习惯性的搭配 Oursisabeautifulcountry wearegreatlyproud onwhich withwhom ofwhich AttributiveClause 4 表示 所有格 或 整体中的部分 时 用介词of Thereareoveronethousandworkersinthefactory 80percent arewomen ofwhom C Fillintheblanks usingrelativepronoun relativeadv orprepositionwithwhich whom Inthedarkstreet therewasn tasingleperson shecouldturnforhelp 2 Whenyoureadthebook you dbettermakeamark youhaveanyquestions 3 Barcelonaisthecity the25thSummerOlympicwereheld towhom where where 1 Doyoulikethebookshespent 10 2 Doyoulikethebook shepaid 10 3 Doyoulikethebookshelearnedalot 4 Doyoulikethebooksheoftentalks 5 Hebuiltatelescopehecouldstudytheskies onwhich forwhich fromwhich aboutwhich throughwhich 介词 关系代词练习 6 Thereisatalltreeoutside standsourteacher 7 Chinahasalotofrivers thesecondlongest istheYellowRiver 8 Thetower peoplecanhaveagoodviewisonthehill 9 Theman Ispokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatwrestling 10 Hepaidtheboy 10forwashingtenwindows most hadn tbeencleanedforatleastayear fromwhich towhom ofwhich ofwhich underwhich as引导的非限制性定语从句 Theearthisround isknowntoall Theearthisround isknowntoall isknowntoall theearthisround isknowntoallthattheearthisround It which as As It as具有正如之意 与之搭配的动词一般是固定的 如 asyouknow asyousee asweplanned asweexpected 定语从句在句首时只能用as ThisisthesamepenasIlost ThisisthesamepenthatIlost Pleasecompare 这本书和我丢的那本一模一样 这本书就是我丢的那本 Thisissuchaninterestingbook wealllike Thisissointerestingabook wealllike Thisissuchaninterestingbook wealllikeit Thisissointerestingabook wealllikeit as that Pleasecompletethefollowingsentencesandcompare as that 这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书 定语从句 这本书如此有趣 大家都喜欢 结果状语从句 1 定语从句的分类2 定语从句的引导词3 关系词的实质和先行词之间的关系4 关系代词和关系副词的用法及其容易混用的情况5 介词加关系代词的情况6 as引导的两种定语从句 3 先行词和关系词的关系 Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledTom Theboywhoseparentsaredeadwasbroughtupbyhisgrandfather TheschoolwhereIstudyisfarfrommyhome that themachine who theboy whose theboy s where intheschool 关系代词实际上是先行词的复指 关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格 关系副词实际上是介词 先行词 4 关系代词和关系副词的用法及其容易混用的情况 Fillintheblanks usingrelativepron orrelativeadv 1 Thisisthefactory Ionceworked 2 Thisisthefactory I vevisited 3 Theday IalwaysrememberisOct 1 4 Theday NanjingwasliberatedisSep 11 5 Thereason hehasn tcomeisthathehasbeenill 6 Don tbelievethereason hegiveyou where that which that which when why that AttributiveClause NOTES 1 当表示时间 地点 原因的名词 day time place factory reason等作先行词 在定语从句中作状语时 用when where why 在从句中作主语或宾语时 就用that或which 5 介词加关系代词的情况 Whenweusearelativepronounwithapreposition wehavetwochoices Placingtheprepositionbeforetherelativepronounismoreformal eg Thewomanwho whomSpielbergismarriedtoisanactress ThewomantowhomSpielbergismarriedisanactress ThepaintingatwhichIlookedwaspaintedbyVincentvanGogh Thegirlwithwhomyoutalkedisacollegestudent AttributiveClause Prep which whom1 介词与定语从句的先行词是一种习惯性的搭配 Thefarm Ionceworkedhastakenonanewlook 2 介词与从句中的动词是一种习惯性的搭配 Whoistheman ourteacherisshakinghands 3 介词与从句中的形容词一起构成一种习惯性的搭配 Oursisabeautifulcountry wearegreatlyproud onwhich withwhom ofwhich AttributiveClause 4 表示 所有格 或 整体中的部分 时 用介词of Thereareoveronethousandworkersinthefactory 80percent arewomen ofwhom C Fillintheblanks usingrelativepronoun relativeadv orprepositionwithwhich whom Inthedarkstreet therewasn tasingleperson shecouldturnforhelp 2 Whenyoureadthebook you dbettermakeamark youhaveanyquestions 3 Barcelonaisthecity the25thSummerOlympicwereheld towhom where where 1 Doyoulikethebookshespent 10 2 Doyoulikethebook shepaid 10 3 Doyoulikethebookshelearnedalot 4 Doyoulikethebooksheoftentalks 5 Hebuiltatelescopehecouldstudytheskies onwhich forwhich fromwhich aboutwhich throughwhich 介词 关系代词练习 6 Thereisatalltreeoutside standsourteacher 7 Chinahasalotofrivers thesecondlongest istheYellowRiver 8 Thetower peoplecanhaveagoodviewisonthehill 9 Theman Ispokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatwrestling 10 Hepaidtheboy 10forwashingtenwindows most hadn tbeencleanedforatleastayear fromwhich towhom ofwhich ofwhich underwhich as引导的非限制性定语从句 Theearthisround isknowntoall Theearthisround isknowntoall isknowntoall theearthisround isknowntoallthattheearthisround It which as As It as具有正如之意 与之搭配的动词一般是固定的 如 asyouknow asyousee asweplanned asweexpected 定语从句在句首时只能用as ThisisthesamepenasIlost ThisisthesamepenthatIlost Pleasecompare 这本书和我丢的那本一模一样 这本书就是我丢的那本 Thisissuchaninterestingbook wealllike Thisissointerestingabook wealllike Thisissuchaninterestingbook wealllikeit Thisissointerestingabook wealllikeit as that Pleasecompletethefollowingsentencesandcompare as that 这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书 定语从句 这本书如此有趣 大家都喜欢 结果状语从句 GrammarIII被动语态 3 一般将来时的被动语态 2 现在完成时的被动语态 1 一般过去时的被动语态 was weredone has havebeendone will begoingto bedone 4 进行时的被动语态 be beingdone Choosetherightanswers 1 Thenewfactory inourcitylastyear builtB hasbuiltC isbuildingD wasbuilt2 Thiskindofmachine cuttingpaper A usesforB isusingforC isusestoD isusedfor3 Weknowthatthiskindofbike inShenzhen ismadeB makesC ismaking4 Thisdressis silk makeofB madeofC madein 5 Beijingwill beautifulflowerswhenNationalDaycomes A coverB coverwithC becoveredD becoveredwith6 Theriversmellsterrible Peoplemust dirtythingsintoit A bestoppedtothrowB bestoppedfromthrowingC stoptothrowD stopfromthrowing7 Thiswork nextMonday A mayfinishB finishC finishesD maybefinished8 Thekey forlockingtheclassroomdoor A usesB isusedC isusingD use MultipleChoice 1 Ifthework youcangoandplaygames A finishedB hasfinishedC willbefinishedD isfinished 2 Itwasrainingheavilyoutside thechildrenweremade intheclassroom 4 Tomakeourcitymorebeautiful rubbish intotheriver A needn tbethrownB mustn tbethrownC can tthrowD maynotthrow 5 Ilikemybike It verywell A ridesB isridingC isriddenD hasridden D B B A 3 Kate theletterbeforehermothercameintoherbedroom A haswrittenB waswrittenC hadwrittenD iswriting A stayB tostayC stayingD stayed C 6 Iwon tcometothepartyunlessTom too YoumeanifTomcomes you llcome 8 Thechildrenmust 9 Thewomanstilldoesn tknowwhat inherhometown D D B A willinviteB invitesC invitedD isinvited 7 EveryonewhoheardMr Green sstory it A laughedatB waslaughedC laughedD waslaughedat A A happensB happenedC willhappenD washappened whilehewasaway A lookafterB betakengoodcare C lookthesameD betakengoodcareof 10 Isawyouwereonfootthismorning Yes Mybike A ismendingB isbeingmended C ismendedD isbeingmending B Fillintheblanksusingrightforms 1 Allthestudents ask tobringakitewiththemlastSunday 2 Aremanyways try tostoppeoplefromcuttingdownsomanytrees 3 Whatareonshowinthemuseum Somephotos take byAmericanchildren 4 Thiscoat wash well 9 Haveyoufoundyournecklace 偷 lastweek 6 I moften 警告 nottocopyothers homework 7 Hecouldn texplainwhydinosaurs 消失 8 I llhavemybike 修理 tomorrow 5 Musttheoldpeople speak topolitely 10 ThePRCwas 成立 onOctober1 1949 wereasked tried taken washes bespoken warned disappeared mended repaired stolen founded