研究生英语翻译.ppt

科技英语翻译教程 相华利 UnitOneAnIntroductiontoTranslation 1 Tounderstandtranslation 1 onthesurfacelevel inter lingualdecodingandcodingactivity 2 onthedeeplevel cross culturalcommunication 2 Whydowelearntranslation 1 Tohuntforajob aprofession Simultaneousinterpreter 4000 8000 hour 2 Tolearnaboutandtransmitcultureandknowledge 3 atechniqueforlearningforeignlanguages 3 Whatarethecriteriaoftranslation 1 YanFu faithfulness expressiveness andelegance 2 LuXun preferenceoffaithfulnesstoelegance 3 QianZhongshu sublimity 4 XuYuanchong threeelegances 5 EugineNida functionalequivalence StarIfyouareAlovecompassionateYouwillwalkwithusthisyearWefaceaglacialdistancewhoarehereHuddldAtyourfeet 星啊如果你那爱中满含怜悯来年就和我们同行我们面对冰河距离 如今擁擠在你脚底 4 WhatarethecriteriainthetranslationofEnglishofScienceandtechnology faithfulnessandexpressiveness 5 Somefactorsinfluencingtranslation 1 thetypeoftheoriginaltext 2 thetranslator spurpose 3 thetranslator spresumedreaders 6 Theprocessoftranslation 1 comprehension 2 expression 3 modification polishing 1 Comprehension A meaningofwordsandphrasesinthecontext Eg asoftabovegroundlaunchingsiteTherecordhasbeenconsideredsoftsinceitwassetlastMay asoftdrugAtthisstage thereisonlysoftintelligenceabouttheenemyintention B analyzingthegrammaticalstructuresandgrammaticalrelationship especiallyforthelongersentences Eg 25yearsoftheReagonandClinton booms haddoneverylittleinrealeconomictermstohelptheordinaryAmerican asadrealitycompoundedbyabigincreaseinjobinsecurityandadecreaseinpensionplans healthcoverage andotheremployeebenefits C analyzingthelogicalrelationshipbetweensentencesandparagraphs Eg Alookbackintorecenteconomichistoryshowsthattheboomwasalwayscontradictory puttingthebiggerdreamsofmostAmericansonacollisioncoursewiththerealityoftheAmericaneconomy D gettheillocutionarymeaningofwords phrases sentences andevenpassages Eg Click Anotherdiskinthedriveandmoreclicks 2 Expression A Haveageneralviewofthespecificmeaningofeachword phrase sentence andparagraph Eg Mao aswepointedout hadlongsinceunderscoredtheTaoists ambiguouscharacter Anarchists theTaoistshadalwaysbeenhostilebothtoorderandprogress Whenithasceasedtobeaquestionofdestroyingtheoldorderandhasbecomeoneoftheconstructinganewworld thenanarchismisnolongerambiguous itshowsupasaregressiveforce B Changethelingualstructureoftheoriginaltextandrearrangetheoriginaltextaccordingtothelogic modesofthinking andhabitsofexpressionofthetargetlanguage Eg TheevolutionofAthenianeducationreflectedthatofthecityitself whichwasmovingtowardincreasingdemocratization thoughitshouldbenotedthattheslaveandtheresidentalienalwaysremainedexcludedfromthebodypolitic TheAtheniandemocracy eveninitsmostcompleteform attainedinthe4thcenturyBC wastoremainalwaysthewayoflifeofaminority aboutonetenth itisestimated ofthetotalpopulation 雅典教育的演化也反映出雅典城市的演化 雅典在逐步走向民主化 但是必须指出的是 雅典民主即使是在公元前四世纪的鼎盛时期 也仅仅是少数人的生活方式 据估计 只有大约十分之一的人享有民主 而奴隶及外来居民被排斥在主体政治之外 3 Modification polishing Toputasidetheoriginaltextandrevisethetranslationtotallyaccordingtothegrammar syntax modeofthinking andhabitsofexpressioninthetargetlanguage 7 Translationmethods 1 literaltranslationEg HitlerwasarmedtotheteethwhenhelaunchedtheSecondWorldWar butinafewyearshewasdefeated Attention literaltranslationdoesnotmeanwordtowordtranslation Eg milkway牛奶路 银河 2 Freetranslation Whenliteraltranslationisnotidiomaticorsatisfactory freetranslationmayfinditsway Freetranslationmustkeeptothemeaningoftheoriginaltext i e dancingwithshackles Eg Don tcrossthebridgetillyougettoit 车到山前必有路 船到桥头自然直 Canyouseeanygreensinmyeyes 你以为我是好骗的吗 MankindhasalwaysreverencedwhatTennysoncalled theusefultroubleoftherain 人类一直很推崇Tennyson所说的 雨既有用 又会带来麻烦 3 thecombinationofliteraltranslationandfreetranslationisemployedmostfrequently 8 ThecharacteristicsofEnglishofscienceandtechnology 1 Usingnominalizationinordertoachieveatersestructure E g Theearthrotatesonitsownaxis whichcausesthechangefromdaytonight Therotationoftheearthonitsownaxiscausesthechangefromdaytonight E g Televisiontransmitsandreceivesimagesifmovingobjectsbyradiowaves Televisionisthetransmissionandreceptionofimagesofmovingobjectsbyradiowaves 2 frequentuseofpassivevoiceinordertoachieveobjectivity E g Wecanstoreelectricalenergyintwometalplatesseparatedbyaninsulatingmedium Wecallsuchadeviceacapacitor oracondenser Electricalenergycanbestored Suchadeviceiscalledacapacitor 3 Non finitestomakeapreciseversion E g Heatcausesaircurrentstorisewhenitisradiatingfromtheearth Radiatingfromtheearth heatcausesaircurrentstorise 4 Post putmodifiersA prepositionalphrasesE g Theforcesduetofrictionarecalledfrictionalforces B adjectivesandadjectivephrasesE g Inthisfactorytheonlyfuelavailableiscoal C singleparticiplesE g Theresultsobtainedmustbechecked D Attributiveclauses exampleomitted E setpatterns exampleomitted F ellipticalsentencesE g Ifpushedslightly itcanmoveseveralmeters G compoundwordsandabbreviatedwordsCCTVChinaCentralTelevisionClosedCircuitTelevision 中国建设银行 ConstructionBankofChina CBC 存不存 中国银行 BankofChina BC 不存 国家开发银行 ChinaDevelopmentBank CDB存点吧 中国农业银行 AgriculturalBankofChina ABC 啊 不存 中国工商银行 IndustrialandCommercialBankofChina ICBC 爱存不存 H longersentencestoexpresstheclarityofthelogicandthecomplexityofproceduresinvolved Eg Theeffortsthathavebeenmadetoexplainopticalphenomenabymeansofthehypothesisofamediumhavingthesamephysicalcharacterasanelasticsolidbodyled inthefirstinstance totheunderstandingofaconcreteexampleofamediumwhichcantransmittransversevibrations and atalaterstage tothedefiniteconclusionthatthereisnoluminousmediumhavingthephysicalcharacterassumedinthehypothesis 为了解释光学现象 人们曾试图假定有一种具有与弹性固体相同物理性质的介质 这种尝试的结果 最初使人们了解到一种能传输横向振动的介质的具体实例 但后来却使人们得出了这样一个明确的结论 并不存在任何具有上述假设所认为的那种物理性质的发光介质 Assignment Butthecollapseofthedot comeconomyandthehigh techNasdaqin2000 andtheprospectsofaseriouseconomicslowdownatthiswritingin2001 haveputthefabledneweconomyinadifferentlight Thefantasythateveryonecanbecomerichintheinformationeconomyhassouredintoday sreality andmanynowwonderwhethertheywillkeeptheirjoborbeabletomeettheirrentandpayofftheircreditcards WearelearningthattheboomneverreallydidreachmillionsofAmericans sincethebulkofthenewwealthcreatedinthe1990swaspocketedmainlybytheveryrich Moreover muchofthenewwealthturnedouttobepureillusion paperwealththatcouldvanishasmagicallyasithadappeared 但是 2000年网络经济崩溃 高新技术板块的纳斯达克指数大跌 2001年本文写作时经济面临严重衰退 这一切都使得虚幻的新经济成为明日黄花 网络经济时代人人都可暴富的神话 被今天的现实击得粉碎 现在许多人都不知道能否保得住工作 能否付得起房租 能否付得清信用卡的透支款 我们开始明白 千百万美国人根本没有从这次经济繁荣中受益 因为20世纪90年代所创造的大量新财富主要都被富人纳入囊中 而且 很多新财富现在看来纯粹是一场镜花水月 财务报表上的财富来得快 去得也快