【病毒外文文献】2012 SARS-Coronavirus ancestor_s foot-prints in Thai bat colonies and the refuge theory_ A phylogeography perspective

e50 15th ICID Abstracts International Journal of Infectious Diseases 16S 2012 e2 e157 2 softwares to predict the protein conformation and hydropho bicity 3D structures with the highest C score were considered We looked at the different HA conformations in the presence or absence of non glycosylated Asn415 416 and Asn472 473 residues and correlated this with influenza transmission patterns and pathogenicity Results Through 1918 2012 we found that non glycosylated Asn region We residue will whenever the species shift or cant the tural Asn415 when we the doublet Xxx416 pathogenicity http dx doi org 10 1016 j ijid 2012 05 123 Type Final Session Date Time Room Nucleic avian J 1 2 HPAIV threathens ability and vaccines encapsulated agonist acid based encapsulated against phylactic A H5N1 chicken Henan 2005 Poly to tered efficacies drug treated mice at day 14 post infection compared to control saline group Results Depending to various challenge doses of HPAIV liposome encapsulated Poly ICLC administered intranasally pro vided 67 100 protection when given at up to 24 and 48 hrs prior to virus challenge RT PCR analysis of lungs tissues of LE Poly ICLC treated mice indicated up regulation of TLR 3 and antiviral inter residues are conserved at the amino and carboxyl terminal of the 53 residue long alpha helix uniquely found in HA2 found that the amino terminus will either have a single Asn or an Asn Asn doublet whereas the carboxyl terminus always have an Asn Asn doublet Interestingly we found that Asn415 Xxx416 where X is any amino acid residue is same in two species HA1 conformation is the same and inter transmission of the virus occurs Moreover whenever a from a single Asn415 residue to an Asn415 Asn416 doublet vice versa occurs in the amino terminus it results to signifi structural changes in HA1 which surprisingly coincides with 1918 Spanish flu 1977 Russian flu and 2009 Swine flu Struc analyses using the 2009 HA show that mutations at either or His416 has no change in HA1 conformation however both were changed HA1 conforms to the 1977 HA Similarly observed that mutations at Asn472 Asn473 or both results into 1977 HA Conclusion Non glycosylated Asn415 and Asn472 Asn473 can influence HA1 conformation In addition Asn415 pairs can determine interspecies transmission and of the H1N1 influenza virus Oral Presentation Abstract Number 28 007 New Developments in Viral Diseases Friday June 15 2012 15 45 17 45 Lotus 11 acid based drugs against the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus infection Wong 1 L Q Sun 2 M Wang 2 Defence R D Canada Suffield Medicine Hat AB Canada China Agriculture University Beijing China Background Highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus continues to cause serious global concerns because it the poultry industry and causes loss of human lives The of HPAIV to mutate and develop resistance to antiviral drugs vaccines necessitates the development of novel drugs and including those which are nucleic acid based Liposome Poly ICLC a ds RNA and a toll like receptor 3 TLR 3 and antisense oligonucleotides are examples of nucleic drugs which can be safe and efficacious against HPAIV Methods Using a lethal Balb c mouse model liposome Poly ICLC and antisense oligonucleotides directed the hemagglutinin protein were evaluated for their pro or therapeutic efficacy against a wild strain influenza of HPAIV Liposome encapsulated ICLC were administered intranasally at day 3 and day 1 prior HPAIV challenge and antisense oligonucleotides were adminis intranasally at 4 and 8 hours post virus challenge Antiviral were determined by comparing the survival rates of ferons H9251 H9252 and H9253 mRNAs production Treatment of mice with antisense oligonucleotides administered to mice at 4 and 8 hours post infection were completely protected against a 10 lethal dose virus challenge with influenza A H5N1 chicken Henan 2005 or with influenza A PR 8 34 H1N1 However therapeutic efficacy of antisense oligonucleotide decreased when treatment with anti sense was delayed beyond 8 hours post infection Conclusion Liposome encapsulated Poly ICLC provided high level of protection in mice against lethal doses of HPAIV and against a seasonal strain of influenza A PR 8 34 virus H1N1 Activation of TLR 3 signaling pathway can provide broad spectrum protection against various strains of influenza virus regardless of muta tions Post exposure treatment of HPAIV can be achieved through silencing of influenza virus gene expression using virus specific antisense oligonucleotides These findings support the potential role of nucleic acid based drugs for prevention and treatment of HPAIV http dx doi org 10 1016 j ijid 2012 05 124 Type Oral Presentation Final Abstract Number 28 008 Session New Developments in Viral Diseases Date Friday June 15 2012 Time 15 45 17 45 Room Lotus 11 SARS Coronavirusancestor sfoot printsinThaibatcoloniesand the refuge theory A phylogeography perspective M Le Gouil 1 S Puechmaille 2 J P Gonzalez 3 E Teeling 2 P Kittayapong 4 J C Manuguerra 1 1 Institut Pasteur Paris France 2 University College Dublin Dublin Ireland 3 Centre International de Recherche M dicale de Franceville Libreville Gabon 4 Mahidol University Faculty of Science Nakhonpathom Thailand Background Elucidating relations between viruses and their hosts remains one of the great challenges of the ecology of infec tious diseases and may help in identifying drivers of emergence of new pathogens Following the emergence of SARS several studies have pointed out the great diversity of Alphacoronavirus and Beta coronavirus in bats as well as the existence of SARS related CoV infection in apparently healthy bats To date the greatest Coron avirinae diversity has been observed in Microchiroptera and the closest wild virus to SARS CoV has been detected in this group as well and more precisely in the Rhinolophoidea super family The Rhinolophidae were firstly recognized to host SARS CoV related Coronavirinae and therefore were the most represented bat fam ily in the sampling record Consequently their sister group the Hipposideridae were less considered in studies focusing on Coron avirinae ecology Given the phylogenetic proximity of these two bat families their broad and partially sympatric repartition and their diversified behavior we hypothesized that they might both harbor betacoronaviruses related to SARS CoV in Asia and that the study of their phylogeny may help to understand the genesis of SARS CoV 15th ICID Abstracts International Journal of Infectious Diseases 16S 2012 e2 e157 e51 Methods This work integrates hosts ecology biogeography comparative hosts pathogens phylogeny to propose one hypoth esis about the making of the SARS CoV ancestor The Coronavirinae polymerase sequence has been targeted by Rt PCR in non invasive samples from bats collected in isolated and forested area in Thailand A Coronavirinae phylogeny based on all available sequences have been inferred by several methods posideridae exhibited Alphacoronavirus in in phylogeny ral forward posideridae civets Rhinolophidae actual http dx doi org 10 1016 j ijid 2012 05 125 Type Final Session Date Time Room First nostic J S Mardani Sharifi Mood P 1 2 3 4 5 6 Sweden 7 8 of 9 10 11 12 Solna Stockholm viral Eastern with poses ness in lar increase evaluation study of available molecular and serological methods targeting CCHF Methods Two serological tests an enzyme linked immunosor bent assay ELISA and an indirect immunofluorescence assay IFA and two molecular methods a real time quantitative reverse transcription PCR qRT PCR and a low cost low density array LCD were selected based on a systematic review Results Two new coronaviruses were detected in two Hip bat species in Thailand one Betacoronavirus b that long lasting infection in an isolated bat colony and one in another colony Interestingly viruses detected Africa or in Europe are related to those that currently circulate South East Asia reminding the underlying influence of the host on the Coronavirinae phylogeny Conclusion These findings illuminate the origin and the natu history of the Rhinolophus hosted SARS CoV lineage by pushing the hypothesis of a Betacoronavirus spill over from Hip to Rhinolophidae and then from Rhinolophidae to and Human The common ancestor of Hipposideridae and families is a key taxa in the understanding of the repartition of Betacoronaviruses Oral Presentation Abstract Number 28 009 New Developments in Viral Diseases Friday June 15 2012 15 45 17 45 Lotus 11 multicentre evaluation of serological and molecular diag assays for Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever Vanhomwegen 1 M J Alves 2 T Avsic Zupanc 3 S Bino 4 Chinikar 5 H Karlberg 6 G Korukluo glu 7 M Korva 3 M 8 A Mirazimi 6 M Mousavi 6 A Papa 9 A Saksida 3 B 10 P Sidira 9 K Tsergouli 9 R Woelfel 11 H Zeller 12 Dubois 1 Institut Pasteur Paris France National Institute of Health guas de Moura Portugal Institute of Microbiology and Immunology Ljubljana Slovenia INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC HEALTH Tirana Albania Pasteur Institute of Iran Tehran Iran Islamic Republic of Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control Solna Stockholm Refik Saydam National Public Health Agency Ankara Turkey Shaheed Beheshti Medical University tehran Iran Islamic Republic Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece Boo ali Hospital Zahedan Iran Islamic Republic of Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology Munich Germany European Center for Disease Control and prevention ECDC Sweden Background Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever CCHF is a tick borne disease that occurs widely in Africa Asia and Europe The disease can develop severe illness in humans case fatality rates as high as 50 The emergence of CCHF a serious public health threat due to its high contagious high lethality potential for nosocomial spread and difficulties treatment and control A strong laboratory capacity in particu standardized approaches for diagnostic methods is essential to preparedness in countries at risk We describe the first of the literature Performances of the selected methods were compared with in house reference methods employed by the 5 participating expert laboratories using panels of archived patient samples from geographically diverse settings Vektor Best Euroimmun Altona Diagnostics Wolfel et al 2007 Results Sample panels included 66 sera and 54 serum RNA extracts from patients with confirmed CCHF diagnosis and 73 sera and 21 serum RNA extracts from febrile patients with symptoms compatible with CCHF or from healthy individuals When com pared to the reference tests the observed sensitivity of the IgM and IgG ELISA was 87 8 and 80 4 respectively For the IgM and IgG IFA the sensitivity was 93 9 and 86 1 respectively Molec ular assays showed more modest sensitivities 79 6 and 83 3 for the qRT PCR and LCD array respectively Specificity was excellent for all assays Conclusion This study demonstrated that reliable well characterized serological and molecular assays and protocols are available for CCHF diagnosis Our results are consistent with the finding that the application of molecular assays in different settings is hampered by the high diversity of the CCHF genomes The on site use of such standardized CCHF diagnostic assays by outbreak assistance laboratories would be more time and cost effective and greatly diminish the risks posed by the handling packaging and shipping of highly infectious biological material to reference laboratories abroad http dx doi org 10 1016 j ijid 2012 05 126 Type Oral Presentation Final Abstract Number 28 010 Session New Developments in Viral Diseases Date Friday June 15 2012 Time 15 45 17 45 Room Lotus 11 Safety and immunogenicity of INV21 an inactivated vaccine candidate for the prevention of hand foot and mouth disease caused by enterovirus 71 P Tambyah 1 J Oon 1 R Asli 1 W Kristanto 1 G Gordon 2 J Santangelo 3 D Stinchcomb 2 C Thomson 3 1 National University Hospital Singapore Singapore 2 Inviragen Inc Ft Collins CO USA 3 Inviragen Pte Ltd Singapore Singapore Background Hand foot and mouth disease HFMD is caused by enteroviral pathogens such as enterovirus 71 EV71 Characteris tically a self limiting disease indicated by fever mouth ulcers and rash HFMD caused by EV71 can lead to viral meningo encephalitis myocarditis or poliomyelitis like paralysis and may be fatal EV71 and HFMD are endemic in Asia causing significant morbidity mor tality and economic impact in recent years INV21 is a purified