英语写作常见语法错误分析.ppt

英语写作常见错误 1 句子结构混乱 出现句子不完整或句子成分多余2 词性误用3 主谓不一致4 根据中文逐字硬译 5 名词可数与不可数的误用6 介词to和不定式符号的混淆7 动宾搭配不当8 词组搭配错误9 综合性语言错误 有诸如时态 语态 标点符号 大小写等方面的错误 1 句子结构混乱 出现句子不完整或句子成分多余 句子不完整 SentenceFragments 在口语中 交际双方可借助手势语气上下文等 不完整的句子完全可以被理解 可是书面语就不同了 句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清 这种情况常常发生在主句写完以后 笔者又想加些补充说明时发生 例1 Therearelargenumberofpeoplediefromthedisasters 改为1 Therearealargenumberofpeoplewhodiefromthedisasters 改为2 Therearealargenumberofpeopledyingfromthedisasters 改为3 Alargenumberofpeoplediefromthedisasters 例2 Thereisafirehappened brokeout TherewasoccurredafireinHonghuaHotel 改为 Afirehappened brokeout occurred 例3 Shelearnknowledgedependonherself 改为 Shelearnsknowledgebyherself 例4 Thedriveroftheredcarwasdiedonthespot 改为 Thedriveroftheredcardiedonthespot 例5 Helpingotherswealsoknowthesignificanceoflife 改为 Wealsorealizethesignificanceoflifethroughhelpingothers 例6 Thepublicserviceadvertisementcatcheveryone seyes enableuspaymoreattentionaboutourlivesandsocieties 改为 Thepublicserviceadvertisementscatcheveryone seyes whichenablesustopaymoreattentionaboutourlivesandsocieties 例7 Theagingofpopulationbringsomeproblems suchasthelackoflabor seniorsfeellonelyandsoon 改为 Theagingofpopulationbringsaboutsomeproblems suchasthelackoflabor seniors senseoflonelinessandsoon 例8 Childrentakecareoftheseniorsshouldmeettheirmaterialneeds butthisisnotenough concerningtheirspiritualneedsismoreimportant 改为 Whenitcomestotakingcareoftheseniors childrenshouldmeettheirspiritualneedsaswellasmaterialneeds 例9 Whenyouropportunitycoming youattainsuccesswillbeeasier 改为 Whenyouropportunitycomes itwillbeeasierforyoutoattainsuccess 2 词性误用 MisuseofPartsofSpeech 词性误用 常表现为 介词当动词用 形容词当副词用 名词当动词用等 例 It slikelytosuccessifyouhaveconfident diligentandintelligence 改为1 Youarelikelytosucceedifyouhaveconfidence diligenceandintelligence 改为2 It slikelythatyouwillachievesuccessifyouareconfident diligentandintelligent 改为3 Itislikelythatyouareonthewaytosuccessifyouhaveconfidence diligenceandintelligence 例2 Youcan tsuccesswithoutyourefforts 改为1 Youcan tsucceedwithoutyourefforts 改为2 Youcan tobtainsuccesswithoutyourefforts 改为3 Youcan tbecomesuccessfulwithoutyourefforts 改为4 Successisnolongeroutofreachwithyourgreatefforts 例3 Asthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology 改为 Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology Asthescienceandtechnologydevelop 例4 Iusuallydosomepublicservicesforfree tryingmybesttoserviceforthepublic 改为 Iusuallydosomepublicservicesforfree tryingmybesttoservethepublic 例5 Thepublicserviceadvertisementisbenefittous 改为1 Thepublicserviceadvertisementisbeneficialtous 改为2 Thepublicserviceadvertisementbenefitsus 改为3 Thepublicserviceadvertisementisofgreatbenefittous 改为4 Webenefitsalotfromthepublicserviceadvertisement 例6 Someseniorswerediedbecauseofwithouttheirchildren ssupport 改为 Someseniorsdiedforlackoftheirchildren ssupport 例7 Theoldmanwashitbyacarwhenheacrossthestreet 改为 Theoldmanwashitbyacarwhenhewascrossingthestreet 例8 Thechildrenaresupposedtosparesometimetocompanytheirparents 改为 Thechildrenaresupposedtosparesometimetoaccompanyourparentschatting 例9 Withtherapiddevelopmentofeconomic theconditionsofourlifeisimproving 改为 Withtherapiddevelopmentofeconomy theconditionsofourlifeareimproving 例10 Theyneedeconomicalconcerned butalsomentalconcerned 改为 Theyneednotonlyfinancialsupport butalsoemotionalsupport 例11 Withthedevelopmentofthemordernsocial moreandmorefamiliesprefertohaveonechildorevennone whichcausethesumoftheseniorshasbeenincreasequickly 改为 Withthedevelopmentofthemodernsociety anincreasingnumberoffamiliesprefertohaveonechildorevennone whichcausetherapidincreaseofthesumoftheseniors causesth causesb todosth 例12 Thefirewasbecauseofthewrongofelectricity 改为 Thefirewasduetoelectricfault 例13 Thecauseofthefireincludespeople scarelessanddryweather 改为 Thecauseofthefireincludespeople scarelessnessanddryweather 例14 AlthoughIamnotaspecializestudentofcomputer IhaveenoughknowledgeaboutcomputerandIhaveevertakeapart timesummerjobasasellmanbefore 改为 AlthoughIamnotacomputermajor astudentmajoringincomputer IhaveenoughknowledgeaboutcomputerandIhaveevertakenapart timesummerjobasasalesmanbefore 例15 Manystudentschoicegotothelibraryintheirsparetimeinordertogetmoreknowledge 改为 Manystudentschoosetogotothelibraryintheirsparetimeinordertoupdatetheirknowledge 3 主谓不一致例 Therearetoomuchthingwecandotoprotectourearth 改为 Therearetoomanythingswecandotoprotectourearth 例2 Thehardwork hard workingthenachievethesuccess 改为1 Hardworkthenenables helpsustoachievethesuccess 改为2 Weareboundtosucceedthroughhardwork 例3 Happymindleadsalonglife 改为 Withhappymindseniorswillleadalonglife 4 根据中文逐字硬译例1 makeusmoreperfect 改为 improveourselves makeusperfect perfectourselves 例2 Ifsomeone sfamilysituationisnotwell hecanapplyforscholarship 改为 Ifone sfamilyisnotwelloff hecanapplyforscholarship 例3 keepagoodbodyhealth 改为 keepfit healthy 例4 Dormitorywashappenedtoafire 改为 Afirehappened brokeoutinadormitory 例5 Studentsshouldhardtolearnknowledge 改为1 Studentsshouldstudythenewknowledgediligentlyunceasingly 改为2 Studentsshouldstudyhardandlearnalotofknowledge 改为3 Studentsshouldstrivetolearnknowledge 例6 Studentswilltakemoretimestostudyornotplay 改为1 Studentswilltakemoretimetostudyratherthanplay 改为2 Studentswilltakemoretimetostudyinsteadofplaying 改为3 Studentswillspendmoretimestudyinginsteadofplaying 例7 Iwantinthesummervacationconcurrentjobcomputermarketingwork 改为 Iwanttoapplyfor lookfor huntforaconcurrent part timejobconcerningcomputermarketinginthesummervacation 例8 NowIattendtheuniversityfirstgradeinthecollegeeducationscientificinstitute 改为 NowIamafreshmaninCollege SchoolofEducationScience EducationandScienceInstitute 例9 AlthoughIdonothavetherelatedcomputermarketingworkexperience butIbelievethatImaybecompetentthiswork 改为 AlthoughIdonothavetheworkexperiencerelatedto concerningcomputermarketing IbelievethatIwillbecompetentforthiswork 例10 Laterwemustevenmorepayattentiontouseelectricitythesecurity 改为 Fromnowonwemustmorepayattentiontoelectricitysafety 5 名词可数与不可数的误用例1 Toomuchtestsaredisadvantageforstudents study 改为 Toomanytestsaredisadvantageoustostudents 例2 Inmodernsociety peopleareundervariouspressures 改为 Inmodernsociety peopleareundervariouskindsofpressure 6 介词to和不定式符号的混淆例1 Toomanytestswilldoharmtocultivateourindependentthinking 改为 Toomanytestswilldoharmtothecultivationofourindependentthinking 例2 Allthesecontributedtosolvetheseriousproblem 改为 Allthesecontributedtothesolutiontotheseriousproblem 7 动宾搭配不当例1 Wemustpayattentiontoitandmakesolutionsoftheproblem 改为 Wemustpayattentionandfind figureout workoutasolutiontotheproblem 例2 Italsomayhelpyoutomakesuccess 改为 Itmayalsohelpyousucceed obtainyourgoal 例3 Astrongwillmeansnevergiveup 改为 Astrongwillmeansnevergivingup 8 词组搭配错误 例1 Thepublicserviceadvertisementistocallsavingwatertokeeptheenvironmentinbalance 改为1 Thepublicserviceadvertisementistocallonthepublictosavewatertokeeptheecologicalbalance improveearthenvironment 改为2 Thepublicserviceadvertisementistoappealtothepublictosavewatertokeeptheecologicalbalance improveearthenvironment 例2 Childrenaresupposedtoprovidetheseniorsmoney especiallyloveandwarm 改为1 Childrenaresupposedtoprovidetheseniorswithmoney especiallyloveandwarmth care 改为2 Childrenaresupposedtoprovidemoney especiallyloveandwarmthfortheseniors 例3 Thegovernmentshouldtakeactionstoconcernourseniors 改为1 Thegovernmentshouldtakeactionstobeconcernedaboutourseniors 改为2 Thegovernmentshouldtakeactionstoshowconcernaboutourseniors 改为3 Thegovernmentshouldtakeactionstocareabout forourseniors 例4 Theyshouldspentmoretimetotalkwiththemandencouragethemtojoinsomeculturalactivities 改为 Theyshouldspendmoretimetalkingwiththem encouragingthemtoparticipateinsomeculturalactivities 例5 Therearevariousofscholarshipforustoapplyfor 改为1 Therearevariousscholarshipsforustoapplyfor 改为2 Thereareavarietyofscholarshipsforustoapplyfor 改为3 Variousscholarshipsareavailableforstudents 例6 It sbelievedthatscholarshipcanhelpstudentsimprovetheirstudyandincreaseteachingquality 改为 It sbelievedthatscholarshipscanhelptoimprovestudents studyandteachingquality 例7 Scholarshipcaninspirethestudentsstudymorehard hardly 改为 Scholarshipscaninspire encourage stimulate motivatethestudentstostudyharder 9 综合性语言错误 有诸如时态 语态 标点符号 大小写等方面的错误 例1 Takecareoftheseniorsisthesociety smoralaswellasourduty 改为 Takingcareoftheseniorsisthesociety smoralaswellasourduty 例2 ThefirewassoterriblethatIbeafraidtosawit 改为 ThefirewassoterriblethatIwasterrified horrified shocked frightenedtoseeit 使文章富有表现力的手段 1 使用有难度的词汇 2 使用形容词修饰名词 用副词修饰动词或整个句子 3 使用被动语态 4 使用倒装句 notonly butalso only 5 尽可能地使用名词 而不是习惯中的动词和形容词 写作的基本句式 Therebe 主语 定语 状语 1 Theremustbe avarietyof reasons forthis 2 Thereisnopointintalkingaboutitaboutagain sense use good 3 Thereisnodenyingthefactthatairpollutionisanextremelyseriousproblem 4 Thereremainsnothing more tobedone 5 Thereisagreatchange producedintheworld scommunications 6 Thereissomething youdon tknow 7 Thereareabout78 ofthecollegestudents wantingtofurthertheirstudyaftertheirgraduation 名词化结构1 名词从句转换成名词短语Thatthewomenactivelyparticipateinpubliclifecausesthechangeoftheirroleinthesociety Thewomen sactiveparticipationinpubliclife 2 表语从句转换成名词短语Oneofthepositiveeffectsofphysicalexerciseisthatitcontributesdirectlytoaperson sphysicalhealth isitsdirectcontributiontoaperson sphysicalhealth 3 由of连接含有by的名词短语ThatJamesWattinventedthesteamenginestartedtheIndustrialRevolutioninthe18thcentury TheinventionofthesteamenginebyJamesWatt 4 被动结构转换成名词Ithasbeensuggestedthatweshouldsparenoeffort不遗余力tobeautifyourenvironment Asuggestionhasbeenmadethat 5 副词与动词一起转换成名词短语Thecomputerischieflycharacterizedbyaccuracyandquickcomputation 计算 Thechiefcharacteristicofthecomputeris 6 介词短语与动词一起转换成名词短语Theprofessorexplainedthetheoryofrelativitytohisstudentsindetail Theprofessorgavehisstudentsadetailedexplanationof 7 动词转换成介词短语Someproblemsarebeingdiscussed Someproblemsareunderdiscussion Exercise Hehasbreakfastquickly Asthescienceandtechnologydevelop thepeople slivingstandardisontherise Thereisstillroomforimprovingyourwork Whathesaidisbriefandtothepoint Themoneyinitselfisnotimportanttous Reference Hehasaquickbreakfast Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology thepeople slivingstandardisontherise Thereisstillroomforimprovementinyourwork Hiswordsisbriefandtothepoint Themoneyinitselfisofnoimportancetous 平行结构1 名词平行Thedoctorrecommendedplentyoffood sleepandexercise 2 形容词平行Airtravelisfast safeandconvenient 3 副词平行HealwaysspeaksEnglishslowlyandclearly 4 非谓语动词短语平行Theywaitedforhoursattheairport readingandsleeping 5 动词平行LucyandLilylived workedandstudiedtogether 6 不定式平行TogoiceskatingandtogoskiingarepopularwintersportsinNorthchina 7 动名词平行Mysisterlikesdancing swimmingandbicycling 8 从句平行Becauseextrastudiesbringaboutunhealthyimpactsonphysicalgrowthofthechildrenandbecauseextrastudiesdeprivechildrenofthetimetoplayandcommunicatewiththeirpeers wemaysafelydrawtheconclusionthatitisabsurd不合理的 荒谬的toforcechildrentotakeextrastudiesafterschool Proofreading Togetajobyouaresatisfiedwith itisnotonlydependsonyourability howtosucceedinajobinterviewisalsoveryimportant Firstly youshouldhaveagoodappearance tidyclothes makinghairwell Herspeechiswitty诙谐的 interestingandsheplansitcarefully Herideaswereprogressiveandthereforeadoptedwithoutdoubts ReferenceTogetasatisfactoryjobnotonlydependsonyourability butalsoonasuccessfuljobinterview Firstly youshouldhaveagoodappearance tidyclothes well donehair Herspeechiswitty诙谐的 interestingandcarefullyplanned Herideaswereprogressiveandthereforewereadoptedwithoutdoubts 物称表达法1 被动语态Thequestionissupposedtobemorecomplicated bethought regarded believed estimated evaluated 2 主语从句 1 It be adj thatItishighlyimportantthatwereachacorrectconclusion clear obvious likely surprising true 2 It be V ed thatItwaspointedoutthatcomputerskillswillenhance提高 增加theirjobopportunitiesorpromotionopportunities well known generallybelieved admitted universallyheld reported stated 3 Itlinkverb thatItappearsthatpart timejobwillprovidethestudentswithmoreopportunitiestodeveloptheirinterpersonalskills whichmayputtheminafavorablepositioninthefuturejobmarkets seems happens