新视野商务英语综合教程Unit.ppt

UnitOverviewBystudyingthisunit youareexpectedto learnthecommontypesofcompanystructure describeacompany sstructure knowhowtowriteane mailtointroduceanewcolleague Unit2CompanyStructure Unit2CompanyStructure Unit2CompanyStructure Task1 Task2 Inacompanytherearevariousdepartmentswithdifferentfunctions Discusswithyourclassmatesthespecificfunctionofeachofthefollowingdepartments Task1 1 2 3 4 5 6 Unit2CompanyStructure TheHumanResourcesDepartment 人力资源部 isresponsibleforthemanagementofacompany sworkforce andoverseesthepracticesandpoliciesthataffecttheorganization semployees Itisresponsiblefortheattraction selection training assessment andrewardingofemployees itoverseesorganizationalleadershipandculture andensurescompliancewithemploymentandlaborlaws Unit2CompanyStructure TheCustomerCareDepartment 客户服务部 alsocalledCustomerServiceDepartment istoattractandretaincustomers Peopleinthisdepartmentconsultcustomersabouttheirneedsviae mail telephoneorinperson Theyhandleandresolvecustomercomplaints andconductcustomersatisfactionsurveysonaparticularproductorservice Unit2CompanyStructure TheMarketingDepartment 市场部 createsvalueforcustomersandbuildsstrongcustomerrelationshipsinordertogetvaluefromcustomersinreturn Itsjobincludesidentifyingtargetcustomers clarifyingcustomers needs keepingtrackofthetrendsofaparticularfield anddevelopingproductpromotionandadvertisingactivities Unit2CompanyStructure TheBoardofDirectors 董事会 isveryinfluentialinacompany Itdecidesthedirectionthecompanyheadsforandisdirectlyaccountabletotheshareholders Eachyearthecompanywillholdanannualgeneralmeeting AGM atwhichthedirectorsmakeareporttotheshareholdersontheperformanceofthecompanythisyear Unit2CompanyStructure ThePublicRelationsDepartment 公关系部 isresponsibleforgivingagoodPictureofthecompanytothepublic Itmanagesthepublicrelationsstrategy takescareofthecompany srelationshipwiththemassmedia andprovidesthepublicwithnecessaryinformationsoastomaintainagoodrelationwiththepublic Unit2CompanyStructure TheProductionDepartment 生产部 istoturninput e g rawmaterials labor etc intooutput goods andtoinsurethatthegoodsmeetthecustomers needs Unit2CompanyStructure Unit2CompanyStructure Task2 Thefollowingaresomecommonpositionsinmostcompanies PutthemintoChinese 1 CEO ChiefExecutiveOfficer 2 CFO ChiefFinanceOfficer 3 SalesDirector4 PersonnelManager5 PublicRelationsManager6 ChiefAccountant 首席执行官 首席财务官 销售总监 人事经理 公关经理 总会计师 Unit2CompanyStructure StartingPoint Text UnderstandingtheText Activity1 DealingwithLanguage FocusingOnGrammar Setting Activity2 TheHRDepartmentisofferingjoborientationtothenewemployees Onthefirstday theemployeesgettolearnaboutdifferenttypesofcompanystructure Setting Unit2CompanyStructure StartingPoint Task1 Acompany schoiceofitsstructureisusuallyaffectedbymanyfactors Thefollowingaresome Canyouaddsomemore Unit2CompanyStructure 1 Businessscale howlargethecompanyis2 Staffnumber thenumberofemployees3 Typeofownership whoownsthecompany4 Stageofdevelopment howwellisthecompanydevelopedundercertainstructure5 Typeofbusiness theparticularfieldwhichthebusinessspecializesin 6 Developmentstrategy howacompanyisgoingtopositionitselfinthemarketintermsoftheproductsorservicesitprovides 7 Targetmarket thetargetcustomers needs Changesinthetargetmarketmayalsocausechangesinthecompany sstructure Forexample thestructureofacompanyprovidingtravelingservicesmaydifferalotfromthatofabig brandrestaurant Forexample manyfastdevelopingcompaniestendtobesmallandflexiblesothattheycanreacttochangesinthebusinessenvironmentquickly Unit2CompanyStructure CompanyStructure Acompanycanbeorganizedinmanydifferentways dependingonitsgoals Thestructureofacompanywilldeterminethewaysinwhichitoperatesandperforms Herearesomeofthemostcommontypesofcompanystructures AnEntrepreneurialStructureismostcommoninsmallcompanies Thecompanystructureistotallycentralized Thismeansthattheleader whoisusuallyalsotheowner makesallthekeydecisions Communicationbetweentheleaderandemployeesisviaface to faceconversations Itisparticularlyusefulfornewbusinessesasitenablestheleadertocontrolgrowthanddevelopment Unit2CompanyStructure Unit2CompanyStructure AFunctionalStructureisbestsuitedtolargecompaniessothatcostscanbekeptlow Employeesperformspecializedtasks Forinstance activitiesrelatedtoproduction marketingandfinancewillbeseparatedintothreedepartments However themarketingdepartmentmightincludesales advertisingandpromotions Thisleadstoanefficientbusinesswherecostsarekeptlowwithineachdepartment However itcouldalsoleadtoalackofcommunicationwithinthecompany makingthecompanyinflexibleandslowtorespondwhenchangesarerequired Unit2CompanyStructure Unit2CompanyStructure ADivisionalStructuredividesthecompanyaccordingtothetypeofwork regionorproduct Eachdivisioncontainsallthenecessaryresourcesandfunctionswithinit Anautomobilecompanywithadivisionalstructuremighthaveonedivisionforsportscars anotherforsubcompactcars andathirdforsedans Eachdivisionisresponsibleforitsproductsandhasitsownresourcessuchasfinance marketingandequipment Thisstructureallowsflexibilityandaquickresponsetochangesinthemarketplace Unit2CompanyStructure Unit2CompanyStructure AMatrixStructuregroupsemployeesbybothfunctionandproduct Asimpleexampleofamatrixstructurewouldbewhenindividualswithinthecompanyarebroughttogetherinordertocompleteaparticularprojectortask Theindividualsarechosenfortheirparticularskillsandknowledgeaccordingtotheneedsoftheproject ThestrengthoftheMatrixStructurelieswiththesharingofinformationandpersonnel Ingeneral ithasbecomeincreasinglyclearthatthroughforcesofglobalization competitionandmoredemandingcustomers thestructureofmanycompanieshasbecomeflatterandlesshierarchical Unit2CompanyStructure 公司结构根据发展目标的不同 公司可以选择不同的组织结构 而公司的组织结构又将决定其运作经营的模式 以下是几种最常见的公司结构 Unit2CompanyStructure 创业型结构在小规模的公司中最为常见 创业型结构的管理是完全集权化的 这意味着所有的重要决定都是由公司的领导者 通常也是公司的所有者作出的 上司与员工之间通过面对面的谈话进行沟通 这种结构于领导者掌握公司的成长与发展的状况 对新公司尤其有利 Unit2CompanyStructure 职能制结构有助于低成本运作 大型公司尤其适合 在这种结构下 员工各自执行专门的工作任务 例如 生产 市场营销和财务分属三个部门 Unit2CompanyStructure 而市场营销部门则又可能包含销售 广告和推销工作 这样一来 各部门可以在保持低成本的前提下实现高效率运作 然而 这也会导致公司内部缺乏交流 在需要进行调整时 缺乏灵活性 反应迟缓 Unit2CompanyStructure 在部门制结构下 公司部门根据工作种类 区域划分或产品类型进行划分 每个部门都拥有一切必需的资源和功能 采取部门制结构的汽车公司可能会为跑车 超小型汽车和小轿车分别设立部门 Unit2CompanyStructure 每个部门负责其特定产品 且各自拥有财政 市场和设备等方面的资源 采取这种结构的公司在面临市场调整时更加灵活 反应迅速 Unit2CompanyStructure 矩阵式结构依据功能和产品划分员工工作 举一个关于矩阵式结构的简单例子 为了完成某个项目或任务 根据项目需求 公司会从内部 各部门 挑选有相关技能和知识的员工 组成项目组 矩阵式结构的优势在于它实现了内部信息和人力资源的共享 Unit2CompanyStructure 总而言之 在全球化的潮流下 竞争日趋激烈 消费者的需求日益增加 我们越来越清晰地看到 许多公司的组织结构正变得更为精炼简单 等级概念也越来越淡化 Unit2CompanyStructure Unit2CompanyStructure determine v 规定 决定 Socialstatusislargelydeterminedbytheoccupationofthemainbreadwinner Whatdetermineswhetheryouareacareersuccessorafailure determinationShereaffirmedherdeterminationtoovercomealldifficultiesthatwouldoccurinthedaystocome e g e g Unit2CompanyStructure performv 运作 Allsystemsonthespaceshuttleappeartobeperformingwell e g Whenthere ssnowandice how sthiscargoingtoperform Unit2CompanyStructure centralize v 集权 把 权利 集中 Powertendstocentralizeinthehandsofthosewhouseit centralizationn 集权化 NowhereinBritainhasbureaucraticcentralizationproceededwithmorepacethaninScotland e g Attemptstocentralizetheeconomyhavefailed e g Unit2CompanyStructure viaprep 通过 借助于 Translatorscannowworkfromhome viaelectronicmailsystems It seasytocheckyourbankaccountviatheInternet prep 经由 经过Mr BakerwillreturnhomeviaBelgiumandFrance e g e g Unit2CompanyStructure enablev 使能够 使有机会 Thegoalofthetrainingistoenableemployeestoworkasateam e g Themoneywillenableustohiremoreworkers Unit2CompanyStructure specializedadj 专门的 专业的 Theagencyhelpsbusinessesfillhighlyspecializedpositions e g marketingn 市场营销 Holbrookhasapositioninmarketingforalargedepartmentstore TheSpecializedassetsdonottransfereasily e g Unit2CompanyStructure financen 财政 财务 金融 Financeisusuallythebiggestproblemforstudents e g v 为 提供 筹措 资金 Morethan 100 000wasdonatedtohelpfinanceRyan shearttransplant e g Wefinancedthenewhousethroughthecreditunion Unit2CompanyStructure salesn 推销活动 Thoseinabusinesswhoareresponsibleforsales e g ManystoreshavestartedtheirJanuarysalesamonthearly Unit2CompanyStructure promotionn 促销 宣传 During1984 Remingtonspentalotofmoneyonadvertisingandpromotion e g n 晋升 升职 CooperannouncedthepromotionofMooretovicechairman e g Unit2CompanyStructure inflexibleadj 不易改变的 Charleswasamanofsettledhabitsandinflexibleroutine e g Theproposedlawispoorlywrittenandinflexible e g respondv 做出反应 回应 Howdidtheyrespondtoyourcriticism Thepatientrespondedwelltosurgery Unit2CompanyStructure requirev 需要 e g Thiswillrequiresomecleardiscussionsandcarefulnegotiation Thejobrequiresacollegedegreeandaknowledgeofcomputers Unit2CompanyStructure divisionaladj 部门的 Theteamwonthedivisionalchampionship e g n 部门 Thecompany sCreditDataDivisionisbasedinOrangeCounty e g division Unit2CompanyStructure divisionaladj 部门的 Theteamwonthedivisionalchampionship e g n 部门 e g Thecompany sCreditDataDivisionisbasedinOrangeCounty division Unit2CompanyStructure regionn 地区 区域 Snowisexpectedinmountainregions e g Taxincentiveswouldbeusedtoattractfirmstotheregions awayfromtheSouth East adj 地区的 区域的 e g regional Itisnotsurprisingtofindregionalvariationsinunemployment Unit2CompanyStructure resourcen 人力 财力 物力 等资源 Todayweareoverpopulated strainingtheearth sresources e g Thepoliceusedeveryavailableresourcetotrackdownthekiller subcompact n 超小型汽车 PlanscallfortheSwatchmobiletobe20 smallerthanatypicalsubcompact abletowheelintoaparkingspacesideways costabout 10 000andreach90milesanhour e g sedann 厢式小客车 小汽车 A10 pricereductionforsedan carsisforecastinthenearfuture e g Unit2CompanyStructure Unit2CompanyStructure flexibilityn 灵活 变通 Thenewsoftwarepackagecombinespowerwithmaximumflexibility e g Beingself employedallowedhimtheflexibilitytoworkunusualhours Unit2CompanyStructure responsen 反应 回应 Thepublicresponsetothenewmodelhasbeenverypositive e g Shesaidshewaswritinginresponseto asaresponseto anadinthepaper Unit2CompanyStructure matrixn 矩阵 TheAnsoffMatrixillustratesmajorbusinessstrategieswhichhaveastrongimpactonmarketingstrategy e g n 网络 网状物 Birminghamhasbeendescribedasamatrixofsmallworkshops e g Unit2CompanyStructure individualn 个体 个人 Theywaitforthegrouptodecideratherthanmakingindividualdecisions e g Dividethevegetablesamongfourindividualdishes Unit2CompanyStructure particularadj 具体的 特定的 某一的 Fatigueisaparticularproblemforwomen e g n 全体职员 Allpersonnelmustattendthemeeting e g Particularemphasiswillbeplacedonorallanguagetraining personnel Unit2CompanyStructure globalizationn 全球化 Weneedtotakeamorepositivestancetowardsglobalization e g TrendstowardtheglobalizationofindustryhavedramaticallyaffectedfoodproductioninCalifornia Unit2CompanyStructure demandingadj 人 苛求的 Hefoundhecouldnolongercopewithhisdemandingjob e g v 要求 需要 Idemandtoknowwhat sgoingonhere e g HerbosswasverydemandingbutappreciativeofChristina stalents demand Unit2CompanyStructure hierarchicaladj 等级制度的 Itisaveryhierarchicalcompanyandthere slittleplaceforindividualinitiative e g n 网络 网状物 Ahierarchyofideasandbeliefsinvolvesorganizingthemintoasystemorstructure e g TheorderofTheRepublicthroughoutisarchitectonicandhierarchical hierarchy Unit2CompanyStructure dependon视 而定 取决 于 Hedependedonhiswritingforhisincome Admissiontotheuniversitydependssolelyonastudent sperformance e g Unit2CompanyStructure forinstance例如Letyourchildmakesomeofthesmalldecisionsconcerninghisdailyroutine Forinstance allowhimtochoosewhatclotheshewearsattheweekend OldEnglishwasinmanywayssimilartoModernGerman Forinstance thenouns adjectives andverbswerehighlyinflected e g Unit2CompanyStructure separateinto把 分开Thepolicewantedtoseparatethemintosmallergroups Wallerstein sworkcanbeseparatedintothreemaincomponentthemes e g Unit2CompanyStructure leadto导致Ethnictensionsamongtherepublicscouldleadtocivilwar Hewarnedyesterdaythatapayriseforteacherswouldleadtojobcuts e g Unit2CompanyStructure liewith在于 取决于Inthelastanalysis theresponsibilityforthisfailuremustliewiththechiefengineer Thefaultdoesnotliewiththegovernmentofficials e g Unit2CompanyStructure UnderstandingtheText Writedowntheappropriatetypeofcompanystructureundereachchartaccordingtothetext Task2 FunctionalStructure EntrepreneurialStructure MatrixStructure DivisionalStructure Unit2CompanyStructure Task3 Answerthequestionswiththeinformationyoufindinthetext Whichofthefourtypesofcompanystructureisthemostcommoninsmallcompanies EntrepreneurialStructure Thedisadvantageisalackofcommunicationwithinthecompany makingthecompanyinflexibleandslowtorespondwhenchangesarerequired 1 2 WhatisthedisadvantageofFunctionalStructure Unit2CompanyStructure 3 WhatistheadvantageofDivisionalStructure Thisstructureallowsflexibilityandaquickresponsetochangesinthemarketplace Theindividualsarechosenfortheirparticularskillsandknowledgeaccordingtotheneedsoftheproject InMatrixStructure howareindividualschosentoworkforaparticularprojectortask 4 Task3 Answerthequestionswiththeinformationyoufindinthetext Unit2CompanyStructure Workinpairs Supposeyouareoneoftheemployeeswhohavelearnedaboutthefourtypesofcompanystructure Nowbrieflysummarizewhatyouhavelearnedandtellittoyourpartner 1 Unit2CompanyStructure EntrepreneurialStructureAdvantages quickdecisionmakingaspoweriscentralized timelyresponsetochanges Disadvantages notsuitableforlargerbusiness topmanagerscarryingaheavyworkload littleinitiativefromthestaffastheyarenotincludedinthedecision makingprocess Knowmore Unit2CompanyStructure FunctionalStructureAdvantages employeeshavingnodifficultyinunderstandingwhatisexpectedofthem alldutiesandresponsibilitiesbeingclearlydefined Disadvantages departmentsbeinglimitedtotheirdutiesand therefore becomingshort sighted alackofcommunicationwithinacompanyandslowresponsetochanges Unit2CompanyStructure DivisionalStructureAdvantages flexibilityandquickresponsetochangesinthemarket allowingateamtofocusonasingleproductorservice beingabletobuildacommonculturethatcontributesbothtohighermoraleandabetterknowledgeofthedivision sportfolio Disadvantages thepossibilityofunequalallocationofcompanyresources divisionshavingtoomuchautonomyandbeingconcernedonlywiththeirownbusiness Unit2CompanyStructure MatrixStructureAdvantages quickresponsestochangesamonganumberofdepartments enablingconstructivedevelopment closercooperationandcommunicationbetweendepartmentsastheyworktowardsacommongoal informationbeingsharedequallysodecisionscanbemadeforthebenefitofthecompany Disadvantages moreexpensivetorunthebusinessbecauseofthecomplexcommunicationsystem conflictontheallocationofresourcesbetweenlinemanagersandprojectmanagers Unit2CompanyStructure DealingwithLanguage Task4 Matchthewordsandphrasesfromthetextwiththeirdefinitions 1 operate2 entrepreneurial3 finance4 marketing5 beseparatedinto6 flexibility7 hierarchical8 response a theactivityofdecidinghowtoadvertiseaproduct whatpricetochargeforitetc orthetypeofjobinwhichyoudothisb thecommercialorgovernmentactivityofmanagingmoney debt credit andinvestmentc havingthequalitiesthatareneededtosucceedasanentrepreneurd arrangedaccordingtodifferentranksorpositionse theabilitytochangeorbechangedeasilytosuitadifferentsituationf toorganizeabusinessoractivity ortocarryoutyourbusinessoractivitiesinaparticularwayg somethingthatisdoneasareactiontosomethingthathashappenedorbeensaidh tobedividedorsplitintodifferentpartsorlayers Unit2CompanyStructure Task5 CompletethesentenceswiththecorrectformofthewordsandphrasesinTask4 Thenewpolicyofthecompanyhasprovedtobeafailedeffort Thesalesvolumehasfallengreatly TheDepartmentwillhelptojudgewhetheritisworthwhiletoinvestsuchalargeamountofmoneyinthisproject MostbusinessmenherecomefromWenzhou acityfamousforthespiritofitspeople Thecompanyispoorlyandhasbeenlosingmoneysincelastyear AllthememberorganizationscomewithanopenmindandarewillingtoshowtheirTheexhibitiondesignsixsectionseachspanningover20years Inhersetofvalues honestycomesthefirst Wereceivedover400applicationsintoonejobadvertisement marketing Finance entrepreneurial operated flexibility isseparatedinto hierarchical response Unit2CompanyStructure Task6 Translatethesentences Keywordsandphrasesareinbrackets Face to facecommunicationbetweentheemployerandemployeesareusuallyadoptedinsmallbusinesses 面对面沟通 2 Apublishingcompanywithadivisionalstructuremighthaveonedivisionfortextbooks anotherforperiodicals andathirdforpopculturereadingmaterials 一个 另一个 还有一个 小型企业常采取雇主与员工面对面的沟通方式 采用部门制结构的出版公司可能会下设如下部门 教材部 期刊部以及大众读部 Unit2CompanyStructure 我想知道史密斯先生是如何对这些批评做出回应的 respondto criticism 3 Inthiscase theresponsibilityofthisfailuremustliewiththechiefengineer 在于 4 你已经长大了 不能再靠你父亲来解决这些问题 dependon 在这次事件中 失败的责任一定在总工程师身上 Sinceyouhavegrownup youshouldnolongerdependonyourfathertosolvetheseproblems IwouldliketoknowhowMr Smithrespondedtothecriticism Task6 Translatethesentences Keywordsandphrasesareinbrackets Unit2CompanyStructure 2 Workingroups Mostcompaniespresenttheircompanies structuresonline Searchonlineforacompany sstructure andintroduceittotheclass Whilepreparingtheintroduction remember noteverycompany sstructurecanexactlymatchoneofthefourtypesinReadingA drawingachartcanhelptomakeyourintroductioneasiertounderstand Unit2CompanyStructure 2 Youcanorganizetheirintroductionbythefollowingsteps Starttheintroduction Wedliketointroduce Wedliketosayafewwordsabout Showtheintroductionoutline Theintroductionwillbemadefrom aspects Ivedividedourpresentationinto sections Introducestepbystep Firstofall First Then Second Third Finally Conclusion Tosumup 动词后缀 在名词或形容词后增加后缀构成动词是一种常见的构词法 课文中出现的 ize即为常见的动词后缀 此外 ify en ate也是常见的后缀 如 modern 现代的 modernize 使 现代化 organ 有机组织 organize 组织起来 beauty 美丽 beautify 使 变得美丽 horror 恐怖 horrify 使 感到恐怖 strength 力量 strengthen 使 有力量 hard 坚硬的 harden 使 变得坚硬 active 活跃的 activate 使 活跃起来 valid 有效的 validate 确认 有效的 Samplefromthetext Thecompanystructureistotallycentralized Unit2CompanyStructure FocusingonGrammar FocusingonGrammar MoreExamples ize mechanize civilize systematize sympathize equalize ify intensify signify amplify identify electrify en quicken weaken thicken shorten lengthen sadden ate separate operate indicate vibrate hyphenate laminate 动词后缀 Unit2CompanyStructure Task7 Changethenounsandadjectivesintoverbsbyaddingsuffixesinthebox globalsimplepassiveoriginweaknormalclasspuresoftsocialstandardwide globalize passivize simplify originate weaken normalize classify purify soften socialize standardize widen Unit2CompanyStructure ize ify en ate Completethesentenceswiththecorrectformofthewordsinbrackets Task8 1 Beforeplayingthenewgame yourselfwiththerules familiar 2 Canyouhowbigthiscompanywillbeintenyears time visual 3 Airpollutionwilldirectlypeople shealth threat 4 Idon tknowwhetherwestillneedtoimprovetheplan ourbossisgoingtoittonight final 5 Allthefilesontheshelvesarewelltomakeiteasiertolookthingsup class 6 Earthquakesfarbelowthesurface origin 7 Thebreadwillifyoupoursomeliquidonit soft familiarize visualize threaten finalize classified originate soften Unit2CompanyStructure 被动语态叙述客观事实 被动语态中动作的施动者不直接出现 句子的重心往往落在实施的动作上 所以 被动语态便于论述客观事实 常出现在科技文章 新闻报道和景物描写中 如 Whenitiscoldenough waterwillbeturnedintoice ManyvillagesandtownsinHunanProvincewerehitbythefloodaweekago Samplefromthetext Acompanycanbeorganizedinmanydifferentways dependingonitsgoals Unit2CompanyStructure FocusingonGrammar MoreExamplesOverthreethousandcivilianswerekilledinthebombingstrike Houseswerebadlydamagedintheflood Thisviewhasbeenchallengedbyanumberofworkers Sofar themoonhasbeenvisitedbyearthmenseveraltimes Computerscanalsobeusedtoautomateshipbuilding 被动语态叙述客观事实 Unit2CompanyStructure Task9 Rewritethesentencesbyusingpassivevoice Someonestoleahugeamountofmoneyfromthebank Peoplecanreducethelossofenergyto20percentbyusingthisnewprocess Ageneratorcanchangethemechanicalenergyintoelectricalenergy Ahugeamountofmoneywasstolenfromthebank Thelossofenergycanbereducedto20percentbythisnewprocess Mechanicalenergycanbechangedintoelectricalenergybyagenerator Unit2CompanyStructure Forestsofpineandfircovertwothirdsofthisarea Acaraccidenthappenedonthehighwaythismorning Peopletookawaythewoundedtohospitalimmediately andthegovernmentsentpolicementheretocopewiththeevent Twothirdsofthisareaiscoveredbyforestsofpineandfir Acaraccidenthappenedonthehighwaythismorning Thewoundedwereimmediatelytakenawaytohospital and