英语表示“变化”连系动词的用法.doc

英语表示“变化”连系动词的用法英语中表示“变化”的连系动词主要有 become, come, go, get, grow, turn等。使用时注意以下几点：一、 become 和get的用法主要指一个人暂时性的身心变化或永久性的自然变化。如：Hearing this, the boss became got angry 听到这事，老板就生气。The travelers became got thirsty. 旅客们渴了。Soon the man became famous. 不久后这个人就出名了。If you eat such food youll get become fat. 如果你吃那样的食物，你会发胖的。另外，还有become get ill, old, well, deaf, strong, etc (得病，变老，痊愈，变聋，变强，等)。另外，become 和 get 还可用于指天气的变化和社会的趋势。如：Its becoming getting cold (dark, cloudy). 天渐冷了(黑了，多云了)。Divorce is becoming getting more common. 离婚现象越来越常见了。This design of resident buildings is becoming getting fashionable. 这种住宅楼的设计正在逐渐流行起来。 二、go 和come 的用法两者均可表示变化，但前者主要指一种由强到弱或由好到坏的变化(可用于人或事物)，后者则主要指向好的方面变化。如：go bald (deaf, mad, etc) 发秃，变聋，发疯，等The meats gone off gone bad. 肉变味(变坏)了。The radios gone wrong. 收音机出毛病了。Her wish came true. 她的愿望实现了。Everything came right. 一切顺利。另外，go还可用于人或事物颜色的变色，与turngo用法相同。如：She went turned blue with cold. 她冻得脸色发青了。The rotten meat went turned green. 这块腐烂的肉变绿了。说明：1. go 一般不与 old, tired, ill 等连用，遇此情况要用其他连系动词。如：grow get old 变老fall become ill 生病fall become sick 生病get feel tired 疲劳2. go后接形容词通常表示结果(见上例)，但在个别搭配中也可表示状态。如：go hungry 挨饿go naked 光着身子3. come 除表示向好的方面变化外，还有以下常见搭配值得注意。如：come untied 解开come loose 变松come undone 松开 三、grow 的用法grow 主要表示逐渐变化，强调变化的过程。如：It began to grow dark. 天色渐渐黑了。Bob is growing old. 鲍勃渐渐变老了。The sea is growing calm. 大海变得平静起来。The pollution problem is growing serious. 污染问题日趋严峻。 四、关于结构以上提到的连系动词通常接形容词作表语，但有的还可接其他结构，如come, get, grow后可接不定式，become, turn后可接名词，go, get, grow后可接介词短语。如：Youll soon grow to like her. 你很快就会喜欢她的。Soon I came to like him. 不久我便开始喜欢他了。Its becoming a serious problem它正在成为一个严重问题。The little plant grew into a tree. 幼苗长成了一棵树。They went out of fashion years ago它们好多年前已变得不时新了。说明：turn后接名词时，往往表示意想不到的变化，名词前通常用零冠词。如：后接名词时，往往表示意 He turned writer after he graduated from a medical college. 他从医学院毕业后当了作家。(比较：He became a writer after graduating from college.) become，get，go，grow，run，turn等系动词辨析及搭配用法常见的“变成”类系动词有become, get, come, go, grow, fall, turn, run等，都表示从一种状态到另一种状态。尽管意思都差不多，但搭配有差别，若不注意，运用时会出错。我们要注意以下几个方面。1. 形容词作表语。go和come是一对相反的词。“go+adj.表示令人不快的事情，而come+adj.表示好的事情。如：In hot weather, meat goes bad.Things will come righ in the end.go与come前面的主语一般是物。如：误：She goes famous.正：She becomes(gets) famous.表语为mad，crazy（古怪的）,blind, lame或表示颜色的词，go前面的主语可以是人。如：He went mad.Hearing this, she went red.run后面接short,dry, low, deep等词，主语多为能流动，能消耗掉的东西。如：Their money was running short.Still waters run deep.但wild作表语，主语可以是人，如：.Dont let the children run wild.grow与run相对，接表示人或物特征的静态形容词，也接表示天气的形容词，侧重于“逐渐变成”。如：The girl grew thinner and thinner.Soon the sky grew light.turn多接表示颜色的形容词，也接表示天气的形容词，它侧重变得与以前完全不同。如：The man turned blue with fear.The weather suddenly turned much colder.fall接asleep, silent等静态形容词和表示疾病的形容词，但不能接形容词比较级。如：She fell ill froom cold.（误）She fell from cold.（正）She got worse.fall short（没中）,fall apart（散开）,fall flat（没效果），可作成语记住。get+adj.是口语，用得广泛，get能替代become, become较正式，get与become前面的主语既可以是人又可以是物。如：He became(got) angry.His coat has become(got) badly torn.get较多地与形容词比较级连用。如：The days are getting longer and longer.注意：become一般不用于“将来成为”的意思。如：（误）I hope you will become well.（正）I hope you will get well.2. become, turn, get, go, fall能用名词作表语，其它的则不能。如：His dream has become(got) a reality.He has turned scientist.He has gone socialist.He fell(a) victim to cancer.注意：go, turn后面的名词通常不带冠词。. become, get, grow能接过去分词，并且come和go多接有否定前缀的过去分词。“get过去分词”表示一次行为；“become过去分词”表示事情发生的最后结果。如：The string comes untied.His report went unnoticed.The fence gets white-washed every year.She became engaged as a typist. get, go, come能接现在分词，不过它们已失去“成为”的意思。如：They went in and got chatting together.（开始）We often go swimming.（去）He came running in（来）. come, grow, get能接不定式，这种结构表示变化过程，come表示“最终变得”get表示“由不变得”，grow表示“渐渐变得”如：Ive really come to love this place.Marys growing to be more and more like her mother.Youll soon get to like it.这种结构不能用于带有一段时间的完成时态。如：（误）They have got to know each other for years.（正）They have known each other for years. 它们都可以接介词短语，固定搭配需要一个一个地记。如：They ran out of money.The problem will come under discussion.They fell behind the others.What has become of the girl.Its getting near tea-time.我们今后在阅读时，要留心这些系动词的搭配，见得多，善于运用，自然也就记得牢了。become，get，go，grow，run，turn都可以表示状态的变化，但要注意下面的几点：1.指人的情绪或身体状态的变化，多用become与get，两者可以互换。1)Hearing what he said，the teacher got/became angry.听到他所说的话，老师生气了。2)I hope you will get well soon.我希望你不久能痊愈。2.become，get也用于天气、社会的发展变化，两者可以互换。1)Our country is getting/becoming stronger and stronger.我们的国家日益强大。2)Its becoming/getting colder and colder.天变得越来越冷。3.指人的身体、精神或事物向不好的方面变化时，多用go，所以它后面的形容词常常是表示消极意义的。1)Something has gone wrong with the machine.机器出了毛病。2)The meat has gone bad in such hot weather.在如此热的天气，肉坏了。on hearing the news of the accident in the local mine, she _pale.A. got B. changed C. went D. appearedgo mad go bad go crazychang clolour chang from red to green change into4.指颜色的变化时，多用turn.1)The leaves turn yellow in autumn.秋天树叶变黄了。2)When she saw this，she turned red.看到这个，她的脸红了。5.become与turn都可以接名词，become后的名词前有冠词，turn后的名词无冠词且常用单数。1)She became a lawyer.她成了一名律师。2)He used to be a teacher till he turned writer.成为作家之前他是一名教师。注意：He became chairman of the party.他成了这一党派的主席。在此句话中，chairman前无冠词，因为它是一个表示职位的名词。如果一个职位在一定时期内由一个人担任时，这个表示职位的名词做表语、宾补和同位语时，常不用冠词。例如：1)He was president of the Republic at that time.2)We elected him monitor of our class.3)Mr.Hunter，captain of the team，loves playing football.这几个词用作连系动词时，都可以表示“变成”的意思，但具体用法有所不同。 become通常不用来表示未来的事，而表示变化过程已经完成，用法比较正式。如：I became ill我病倒了。get也表示变化的过程已经完成，比become口语化，通常与形容词连用。如：He has got rich他变富了。go与get用法差不多，特别用于某些成语中。如：go bad变坏，go blind变瞎，go hungry挨饿。be表示“成为”的意思时，多用于将来时、祈使语气或不定式。如：He will be a scientist他将成为一名科学家。I would like to be a bus-driver我想成为一名公共汽车司机。grow表示“逐渐变成新的状态”的含义。如：My younger brother is growing tall我的弟弟渐渐长高了。turn有“成为与以前完全不同的东西”的含义。如：the milk turned sour牛奶变酸了。