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一.何时使用被动语态英语中，大多数情况下用主动语态比较简练、有力。但是，被动语态也有其特殊的用途，它也是表达思想、描述事物的需要。人们通常在下列情况下使用被动语态:。1.不知道或不必说出动作的执行者时使用被动语态例句How is this word pronounced?这个单词怎么发音?Scientists say that work is done whenever a force moves.科学家们说，力移动时就做了功。After war,everything had been destroyed.战争结束后，一切都被毁坏了。A greater number of magic English books will be published next year.明年将有更多的魔法英语书出版。2.强调动作的承受者时使用被动语态例句If you break the school rules，you will be punished.如果你违反校规，你将受到惩罚。A new Hope School will be opened in our village.我们家乡将开办一所新的希望学校。She is liked by everybody.大家都喜欢她。Xiao Li was elected monitor of the class.小李被选为班长。3.当动作的执行者不是人而是无生命的事物时使用被动语态例句The bridge was washed away by the flood.桥被洪水冲走了。We were shocked by the news of his death.我们听到他的死讯极为震惊。Many accidents were caused by careless driving.许多事故都是开车不小心造成的。4.修辞的需要，使用被动语态可以使句子更加简练、匀称例句He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience.他出现在舞台上，受到了观众的热烈鼓掌。The old professor gave a lecture on American history and was well received.这位老教授作了一个有关美国历史的讲座，受到大家的热烈欢迎。I was shown round the school campus by Sean，who had entered the school just a year before.肖恩带我参观了校园，他去年刚进这所学校。5.为了表示委婉或礼貌，避免提及动作执行者或说话者自己时使用被动语态例句Youve been told many times not to make the same mistake.你已被多次告知不要犯同样的错误。Everybody is expected to obey the following rules.希望大家遵守以下规定。The control room may not be entered without permission.非经许可，勿人控制室。6.科技文献中为了客观地描述事情及其过程时应使用被动语态例句The film is coated with light-sensitive chemicals, which are changed by the different shades and colours of light.胶卷上涂了一层感光的化学物质，这些物质因光的不同色度与颜色而改变。7.在新闻报道中使用被动语态可以体现新闻的客观性例句The west-east gas pipeline project was kicked off on July 4, a big event in the nations west development campaign.西气东输工程7月4日全线开工，这是国家西部大开发战略的一件大事。8.有些动词习惯上常用被动语态例句He was born in this city.他出生在这个城市。The school is situated in the suburbs.这所学校位于郊外。常用于被动语态的动词有born（出生）、 situate（坐落于）、 build（建造）、break（打破）、publish（出版）等。二.使用被动语态时的主意事项1.“get+过去分词”结构也可以表被动例句The boy got hurt on his way to school.这个男孩在上学的路上受伤了。These cleaners got paid by the month.清洁工人按月拿工资。He got caught in the heavy rain on his way home.在回家的路上他被困在大雨中了。类似短语get burnt（着火）、get killed（被杀）、get hurt（受伤）、get lost（迷路）get dressed（穿衣服）、get changed（变化）、get married（结婚）、get washed（洗）等。2.有部分动词接双宾语，那么变为被动语态时也有两种形式。例句主动语态：I passed him a new book.我地给他一本书被动语态：A new book was passed to him（by me）. 或 He was passed a new book（by me）.可接双宾语的动词有give（给）、hand（传给）、show（展示）、teach（教）、send（派遣）、pass（传递）等。3.有些“动词+介词/副词”构成的固定动词短语，变为被动语态时要注意其完整性，不可分开。例句主动语态：We should take good care of the old and the children. 我们应该照顾好老人和小孩。被动语态：The old and the children should be taken good care of. 4.有些由“动词+名词+介词”构成的短语动词，其结构较松散，变成被动语态时也可以将名词和其后的介词拆开。例句主动语态：They make good use of the library.他们充分利用图书馆。被动语态：Good use is made of the library. 这个图书馆的利用率很高。5.英语中，有些动词接不带to的不定式做宾补，但是当它们变为被动语态时，要把to加上去。例句主动语态：The boss made them work twelve hours every day. 老板让他们每天工作十二小时。被动语态：They were made to work twelve hours every day.可接不带to的不定式做宾补的动词有let（让）、have（使）、see（看）、notice（注意）、watch（观看）、listen to（听）hear（听）、observe（观察）、feel（感觉）等
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