《定语及定语从句》PPT课件.ppt

Grammar 定语 定义 定语用来限定 修饰名词或代词的 定语是对名词或代词起修饰 限定作用的词 短语或句子 汉语中常用 的 表示 充当定语的有 形容词 代词 名词 分词 介词短语或副词和从句 形容词作定语 Thelittleboyneedsabluepen little修饰名词boy blue修饰名词pen 小男孩需要一支兰色的钢笔 Tomisahandsomeboy 汤姆是个英俊的男孩 Thereisagoodboy 数词作定语相当于形容词 Twoboysneedtwopens 两个男孩需要两支钢笔 Thetwoboysarestudents 这两个男孩是学生 Therearetwoboysintheroom 房间里有两个男孩 代词或名词所有格作定语 HisboyneedsTom spen 他的男孩需要汤姆的钢笔 HisnameisTom 他的名字是汤姆 介词短语作定语 Theboyintheclassroomneedsapenofyours 教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔 TheboyinblueisTom 穿蓝色衣服的孩子是汤姆 Therearetwoboysof9 andthreeof10 有两个9岁的 三个10岁的男孩 名词作定语 Theboyneedsaballpen 男孩需要一支圆珠笔 Itisaballpen 这是一支圆珠笔 Thereisonlyoneballpeninthepencilbox 这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔 副词作定语 Theboythereneedsapen 那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔 ThebestboyhereisTom 这里最棒的男孩是汤姆 不定式作定语 Theboytowritethisletterneedsapen 写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔 TheboytowritethisletterisTom 将要写这封信的男孩是汤姆 Thereisnothingtodotoday 今天无事要做 分词 短语 作定语 Thesmilingboyneedsapenboughtbyhismother 那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔 ThepenboughtbyherismadeinChina 她买的笔是中国产的 Therearefiveboysleft 有五个留下的男孩 TheAttributiveClause 定语从句 1 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句 2 定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词 3 引导定语从句的连词叫关系代词或关系副词 关系代词 who whom whose that which as关系副词 when where why 如果先行词是指人 用who whom whose that引导定语从句 如果先行词是指物 用that which whose引导 关系代词 who指人 作主语或宾语 作宾语可省略 ThemanwhoItalkedwithisourteacher Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief 2 whom指人 作宾语 作宾语可省略 如介词提前则不能省 Theman whom who InoddedtoisMr Li ThemantowhomInoddedisProfessorLi 3 which指物 作主语或宾语 作宾语可省略 如介词提前则不能省 Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear Thisrecorder which heisusingismadeinJapan Isthisthelibrary which youborrowbooksfrom Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks 注意 介词提前时只能用which而不能用that 4 that指人 物 作主语或宾语 作宾语可省略 Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly Heistheman that Itoldyouabout Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks fromthat that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换 但在下列情况下 一般用that而不用which 1 先行词为all everything nothing something anything little much等不定代词时 Iamsureshehassomethingthatyoucanborrow 2 先行词被all every no some any little much等修饰时 I vereadallthebooksthatarenotmine 3 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时 Thisisthefirstbook thathehasread 4 先行词被theonly thevery thesame修饰时 Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim 在下列情况下只用which 不用that 1 引导非限定性定语从句 2 直接作介词的宾语 3 避免与that重复 Hereheworkedonashortfilm whichwonhimajobastheyoungestfilmdirectorintheworld Manypeoplewereafraidtoswimintheseawhentheyrememberedthescenesinwhichpeoplewereeatenbytheshark Thisisthefactory Iworkedinthefactorytenyearsago ThisisthefactorywhereIworkedtenyearsago Theschoolisnearapark Mysonstudiesinthisschool Theschoolwheremysonstudiesisnearapark 关系副词where Wevisitedthehouse Lusunoncelivedinthehouse WevisitedthehousewhereLusunoncelived They llneverforgetJuly1 HongKongreturnedtoitsmotherlandonJuly1 They llneverforgetJuly1whenHongKongreturnedtoitsmotherland Thedaysaregoneforever Weusedforeignoilduringthosedays Thedayswhenweusedforeignoilaregoneforever 关系副词when Therewasatime Thebusinessmanlostheartatthattime Therewasatimewhenthebusinessmanlostheart When引导的定语从句修饰表示时间的名词 并在定语从句中作时间状语 相当于 介词 关系代词 which I llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheleague onwhich ontheday Westillrememberedthedayswhenwetravelledtogether Thetime IfirstmetNelsonMandelawasaverydifficultperiodofmylife when inwhich inthedays where引导的定语从句修饰表示地点的名词 并在定语从句中作地点状语 相当于 介词 关系代词 which ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago inwhich inthehouse Harvardisaworld famousuniversitywhereWangAngothisDoctor sdegree Theplace wevisitedyesterdayisaschoolfordisabledchildren which that Harvardisaworld famousuniversity ThereWangAngothisDoctor sdegree