动词过去式、过去分词、现在分词.doc

动词一、五种基本形式：英语中实义动词和系动词有五种基本形式，原形、现在式（用于第三人称单数）、过去式（用于过去时态）、过去分词（用于各种完成时态）和现在分词（用于各种进行时态）。1、 第三人称单数构成与名词由单数变复数构成规则例词一般情况下在动词后直接加-s构成eat-eats, read-reads, play-plays等以e结尾的直接加-swrite-writes, come-comes, close-closes等以s,x,z,sh,ch以及字母o结尾的动词，后加-esWatch-watches, go-es, finish-finishes等以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改为i再加-esstudy-studies, fly-flies等 2、规则动词过去式、过去分词和现在分词的构成方法原形过去式和过去分词现在分词构成规则例词构成规则例词构成规则例词一般情况turn加-edturned加-ingturning以-e结尾的move,love只加-dmoved, loved去掉e再加-ingmoving, loving以辅音字母加y结尾的try,study应将y改为i再加-edtriedstudied直接加-ingtrying, studying以元音字母加y结尾的stay,play直接加-edstayedplayed直接加-ingstaying, playing以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母stop,plan双写末尾的辅音字母再加-edstoppedplanned双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ingstopping, planning以r音节结尾的Prefer,refer双写末尾的r再加-edpreferredreferred双写末尾的r再加-ingpreferring, referring以ie结尾的lie,die加-dlied,died将ie变加-inglying, dying3、 常用不规则动词过去式和过去分词一览表原形过去式过去分词汉语翻译am,iswasbeen是arewerebeen是bearboreborn忍受（熊）becomebecamebecome成为，变成beginbeganbegun开始breakbrokebroken打坏，打破bringbroughtbrought带来buildbuiltbuilt建筑，建设buyboughtbought买catchcaughtcaught揪住，抓住can情态动词could能，会原形过去式过去分词汉语翻译comecamecome来costcostcost花费cutcutcut砍，切do助动词diddone做does助动词diddone做drinkdrankdrunk喝drivedrovedriven驾驶，开车eatateeaten吃feelfeltfelt感觉findfoundfound发现，找到flyflewflown飞行，放飞forgetforgotforgot/forgotten忘记getgotgot/gotten得到givegavegiven给予，给gowentgone走，去growgrewgrown成长，种植have助动词hadhad有has助动词hadhad有hearheardheard听见knowknewknown知道，了解learnlearned/learntlearned/learnt学习leaveleftleft离开，留下lendlentlent借给letletlet让lielaylain躺下loselostlost丢失makemademade制造，制作meetmetmet遇见may情态动词might可以must情态动词must必须paypaidpaid付钱，赔偿putputput放readreadread读rideroderidden骑，乘ringrangrung（钟、铃）响，鸣runranrun跑saysaidsaid说seesawseen看见sellsoldsold卖shall情态动词should将singsangsung唱sitsatsat坐原形过去式过去分词汉语翻译sleepsleptslept睡smellsmeltsmelt闻起来，嗅speakspokespoken说spellspeltspelt拼读，拼写spendspentspent花费，度过standstoodstood站sweepsweptswept打扫swimswamswum游泳taketooktook带去，花费，乘teachtaughttaught教telltoldtold告诉thinkthoughtthought想，思考wearworeworn穿戴winwonwon获胜，赢writewrotewritten写will情态动词would将，愿，会laughlaughed/la:ft/笑shoutshouted喊，叫pointpointed指出，指向likeliked喜欢livelived生活，居住（现场直播的）looklooked看walkwalked步行showshowed给看，显露出，表明二、动词时态定义：时态是谓语动词所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。四类：一般时态、进行时态、完成时态和完成进行时态。每一类时态都对应四种时间：过去、现在、将来、过去将来。常用8种时态：一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在进行时，过去进行时，现在完成时，过去完成时和过去将来时。 1、一般现在时常见频度副词有：always（总是，一直）,often, usually, never, sometimes等地球围绕着太阳转：The earth moves around the sun.表客观存在的真理或科学事实。公交车来了：Here comes the bus.以here, there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。2、一般过去时有确定的时间状语，如：yesterday, two days ago, last+年/月/星期,the other day, just now, in the old days, the day before yesterday（前天），this morning/afternoon, at the age of+过去年龄段，when引导的状语从句（过去），at+过去时间点，in+过去的年份等。3、一般将来时常用时间副词：tomorrow, soon，(today, tonight)时间状语短语：next year/week/month, in a few days, in the future等。构成：will/shall+动词原形，be going to+动词原形，表示打算和预测。特殊情形：be to+动词原形，表示按计划或安排即将要发生的动作；有时也表示命令、禁止或可能性。如：She is to practice the piano tomorrow. 她明天将练习钢琴。用现在进行时表示按计划或安排将要发生的事。用一般现在时表示按规定或时间表预计要发生的事。be about to+动词原形，表示即将要发生的事。4、现在进行时常与look, listen, now连用5、过去进行时the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等标志性词语，主要表示过去某一时刻或表示过去某一阶段正在发生或进行的动作。6、现在完成时：常见时间状语：always, yet, just, ever, before，these days, recently, in the past/few时间段，since+时间点，for+时间段 等。构成：have/has+动词的过去分词7、过去完成时8、过去将来时Would+动词原形