汉译英翻译练习.doc

太极拳(Taijiquan)是中华民族的宝贵财富，组成部分。作为中国古老的武术(maritialarts)之一。其主要功能是武术攻防、锻炼身体和修身养性(self-cultivation )。太极拳在演练时，动作柔缓，但能以突然爆发的力量将对手击退。经过几个世纪的发展，太极拳已发展为多个分支，每个分支都有自己的特点。如今，太极拳在中国乃至世界受到越来越多人欢迎。1.第1句可译为并列结构Taijiquan is precious wealth.and an important part.,系动词“是”(is)只需译出一个。2.第2句中的“其主要功能是”可直译为its main functionsare to.，但稍显生硬，宜转述为“它通常用于”(it is usuallyused for.)。“攻防”在中文里是一个词，但实际包含了两层意思，故分译为attacking and defending;同理，第3句的“柔缓”译为gentle and slow。3.第3句中的“太极拳在演练时”实为被动句，“太极拳”为受动者，故译作When Taijiquan is beingpractice.。“但能以突然爆发的力量.”处理为which引导的非限制性定语从句which，however, candefeat。“突然爆发的力量”可译为sudden strength或sudden force，因为sudden已包含有“突然爆发”的意思，故“爆发”一词不需再译。4.最后一句中的“在中国乃至世界受到越来越多人欢迎”，除译文外，还可以有多种译法，如is welcomed bymore and more people both in China and overseas;is accepted by more and more people inChina and the world as well。参考译文：Tajiquan is precious wealth of Chinese nation andan important part of the eastern culture. As one ofthe ancient martial arts in China, it is usually usedfor attacking and defending, body building and self-cultivation. When Tajiquan is being practiced, themovements are gentle and slow, which, however,can defeat the opponent with sudden strength. Through centuries of development, Taijiquanhas developed into several branches, and everyone has its features. Now Tajiquan has becomeincreasingly popular both in China and abroad.交通拥堵是世界各国普遍面临的问题。近年来，我国城市化水平空前加快，大中城市交通拥堵问题尤其突出，交通阻塞已由局部向大范围蔓延。这不仅影响了城市生活的效率和质量，而且带来了环境污染、能源紧张等一系列经济社会问题，严重制约了城市的发展。要想解决这一问题，良好的公共交通是必不可少的。实行低票价政策，是实现公交优先的基本保证。从长远来看，则要大力发展轨道交通(rail transportation)，降低路面拥堵。参考翻译Traffic jam has been a problem shared by all countries around the world.In recent years,the urbanization of China reaches an unprecedented level,which leads to especially prominent traffic jam in large and medium-sized cities.The problem of traffic jam has extended from part to a wide range.Traffic jam not only affects the efficiency and quality of uiban life,but also causes a series of economic and social problems like environmental pollution and energy deficiency,which greatly restricts the development of cities.To solve the problem,well-organized public transportation is indispensable.Low ticket price is the basic guarantee of priority of public transportation.In the long term,we must vigorously develop rail transportation to lessen traffic jam.翻译讲解1.世界各国普遍面临的问题：译为a problem shared by all countries around the world.“普遍面临的”在此处译为shared by，即“为所共有的”，也可以用commonly faced by表达。2.尤其突出：可译为especially prominent或particularly prominent.其中prominent意为“突出的，显著的”。3.由局部向大范围蔓延：可译为has extended from part to a wide range.4.必不可少：可译为indispensable或necessary，意为“必要的，必然的”。5.公交优先：可译为priority of public transportation.6.从长远来看：可译为in the long term，也可译为in the long run或over the long range.西部支教(volunteering to teach in the west)对于促进当地教育和经济发展有着重要意义。大学生到西部支教，对农村的孩子不仅仅进行书本知识的教学，更重要的是通过组织安排一些活动，寓教于乐，希望对他们未来的学习和生活有所启发和引导，并激发他们学习的动力和对外面发达城市的向往，促使他们进步。此外，大学生也会把新的观念和思想带到农村去。去西部支教还能培养当代大学生的社会责任感和社会公益心，在一定程度上，也缓解了西部地区教师短缺的压力。参考翻译Volunteering to teach in the west is significant for the improvement of local education and the economic development.The college students who volunteer to teach in the west not only impart academic knowledge to children in rural areas,but more importantly,through a number of activities to combine teaching and entertainment,they hope to provide inspiration and guidance for the children about their future study and life.They also want to motivate the children in rural areas to study,evoke their desire for going to developed cities outside and help them make progress.In addition,the college students will bring new ideas and thoughts to the countryside.Volunteering to teach in the west can also help college students develop a sense of social responsibility and contributing to public benefit.To a certain extent,it also eases the shortage of teachers in the western regions.翻译讲解1.大学生：可译为college students，也可译为undergraduates.2.通过组织安排一些活动，寓教于乐：合并译为through a number of activities to combine teaching and entertainment.3.激发他们对的向往：可译为evoke their desire for4.社会公益心：可译为a sense of social welfare.5.在一定程度上：可译为to a certain extent或up to a point.算盘(abacus)是中国传统的计算工具，也是中国古代的一项重大发明。阿拉伯数字出现以前，算盘在世界各地广泛使用。算盘是矩形的木框，木框上固定着带算珠的木杆。木框中间的横梁(beam)将木杆分成两部分：木杆上方的两颗算珠 (counting beads)每个代表5,下方的五颗算珠每个代表1。随着算盘的应用，人们总结出很多计算技巧，提高了计算速度。由于算盘易于制造，而且计算口诀易于记忆和操作，因此算。参考译文：As a traditional Chinese calculation tool and an important ancient Chinese invention,the abacus was widely used before the invention of Arabic numerals in the world. The abacus is a rectangle with a wooden frame. Within the frame,rods with stringed beads are fixed. The beam in the middle of the frame divides each rod into two parts. The two counting beads in the upper part of each rod represent five and the rest five beads in the lower part represent one. With the application of the abacus, people summarized many calculation tips to help improve the speed of calculation. As the abacus is simple to produce, and its calculation tips are easy to memorize and operate, it is quite popular in China.词句点拨1.广泛使用:可以用被动语态表示“被广泛使用”，即be widely used。2.带算珠的木杆:可译为rods with stringed beads。其中rod意为“木杆”，stringed 意为“用带或绳绑或挂的”，beads意为“珠子”，故stringed beads意为“串起来的珠子”。3.上方：即in the upper part;“下方”可译为in the lower part。4.随着算盘的应用:可译为 with the application of the abacus。世界屋脊由于西藏地处“世界屋脊”，自然条件恶劣，也由于几百年落后的封建农奴制社会形成的各种社会历史条件的制约，西藏在全国还属于不发达地区。但是，50年的发展已经极大地改变了其昔日贫穷落后的面貌，西藏人民生活质量大大提高。社会经济的发展极大地丰富了人民的物质文化生活。2000年，西藏全区各族人民已基本摆脱贫困，实现温饱。部分群众生活达到了小康水平。随着人民生活逐步富裕，冰箱、彩电、洗衣机、摩托车、手表等消费品进入了越来越多寻常百姓家。不少富裕起来的农牧民盖起了新房，有的还购买了汽车。西藏目前的人均居住面积处于全国首位。广播、电视、通信、互联网等现代信息传递手段已深入到人民群众的日常生活。绝大多数地区的百姓能够通过收听收看广播、电视，了解全国和全世界各地的新闻。当地百姓能够通过电话、电报、传真或互联网等手段获取信息资料，并与全国和全世界各地取得联系。由于缺医少药状况得到了根本改变，人民群众的健康水平大幅度提高。西藏人均预期寿命由二十世纪五十年代的35.5岁增加到现在的67岁。Tibet,locatedonthe“RoofoftheWorld”,isstillanunderdevelopedareainChinabecauseofitsharshnaturalconditionsandvarioussocialandhistoricalrestrictionsformedbycenturiesofbackwardfeudalserfdom.However,thedevelopmentofTibetinthepast50yearshasgreatlychangeditsformerpoorandbackwardlook,andtheTibetanpeopleslivingstandardhasgreatlyimproved.Socialandeconomicdevelopmenthasenrichedthepeoplesmaterialandculturalliferemarkably.By2000,peopleofvariousethnicgroupsinTibethavebasicallyshakenoffpoverty,andbegantohaveenoughtoeatandwear.Someofthembegantoliveabetter-offlife.Alongwiththeimprovementinthepeopleslivelihood,consumergoodssuchasrefrigerators,colorTVsets,washingmachines,motorcyclesandwristwatcheshaveenteredmoreandmoreordinaryhomes.Manywell-offfarmersandherdsmenhavebuiltnewhouses.Somehaveevenboughtautomobiles.Currently,Tibetranksfirstinpercapitahousinginthecountry.Radio,television,telecommunications,theInternetandothermoderninformationtransmissionarenowpartofdailylifeinTibet.NewsaboutvariouspartsofthecountryandtheworldnowreachmostpeopleinTibetbyradioandTV.Localpeoplecanobtaininformationfromandmakecontactwithotherpartsofthecountryandtheworldthroughtelephone,telegram,faxortheInternet.TheTibetanpeopleshealthhasalsoimprovedsubstantially,becausethesituationfeaturingalackofbothdoctorsandmedicinehaschangedfundamentally.TheaveragelifeexpectancyoftheTibetanpeoplehaveincreasedfrom35.5yearsinthe1950sto67yearspresently.5.ThebigproblemofcomprehensionoftheEnglishtextandthebiggerproblemofhowtoexpressitinrich,present-dayChinesewhichrangesfromtheclassicaltothecolloquialbothhavetobesolvedinthecourseoftranslation.了解英语原义是一个大问题，而现代汉语既然是文言口语兼收并蓄，怎么用这样丰富多彩的文字来表达英语原文是一个更大的问题，这两个问题在翻译中都要得到解决。6.奥运会在世界的民族和民族、国家和国家、人民和人民之间建起了友谊的桥梁。OlympicGameshasbuiltafriendshipbridgebetweennations,countriesandpeoples.7.他虽然经验不足，但很有进取心和创造力，而这正是在这一领域获得成功的关键。Althoughhelacksexperience,hehasenterpriseandcreativity,whicharedecisiveinachievingsuccessinthearea.8.这种床垫工艺先进，结构新颖，造型美观，款式多样，舒适大方，携带方便。Thetechnologicaldesignofthisbedcushionisadvancedwithnovelstructure,beautifulshapeandvariouspatterns.Theyarecomfortableandconvenienttocarry.9.能不能尽快把科学技术搞上去，这是一个关系到社会主义建设的全局，关系到我们国家命运与前途的大问题。Whetherscienceandtechnologycanbepushedforwardasquicklyaspossibleisaquestionofvitalimportanceforsocialistconstructionasawholeandforthedestinyandfutureofourcountry.10.讲英语的人听到别人赞扬，一般说“谢谢”，表示接受，说明自己认为别人的赞扬是诚心诚意的，所赞扬的事是值得赞扬的。因此不应该“假装自卑”或“故作谦虚”。TotheEnglish-speakingpeople,praiseistobeaccepted,generallywitharemarklike“thankyou”.Theythinkthatthecomplimentissincere,andthatthepraiseisworthyoftheachievementorthing.Therefore,thereshouldbenoshowoffalsehumilityorpretendedmodesty.1.尽管健康越来越重要，然而多数人都是等到生病时才意识到健康的宝贵。适量的运动无疑有益于健康，但体育迷面临的问题是缺少理想的运动场所。与森林不同，繁忙街道两侧的公园容易受到空气污染，在此锻炼非但不能提高身体抵抗力，还很可能诱发各种慢性病。1.Despitetheincreasingimportanceofhealth,mostpeoplefailtorecognizethevalueofhealthuntiltheyfallill.Thereisnodoubtthatmoderateexercisecanbenefithealth.However,sportsfansarefacedwiththelackofidealplacesforexercise.Unlikeforests,parksoneithersideofabusystreetarepronetoatmosphericpollution,whereexercisecannotenhanceimmunity,butmayinducevariouschronicdiseasesratherthanenhanceimmunity.2.在中国，拿硕士学位通常需要三年时间。第一年积累足够的学分后，学生接着在后两年完成毕业论文。论文要有一定学术价值，还要反映学生的科研能力。人们越来越重视学术诚信，这将有助于提高科学界的道德标准。2.InChina,itusuallytakes3yearsforstudentstogetaMasterDegree.Havingaccumulatedenoughcreditsinthefirstyear,studentscouldgoontocompletetheirthesesinthefollowingtwoyears.Theirthesesshouldhavecertainacademicvaluesandshowtheirresearchabilities.Nowgreateremphasishasbeenlaidonacademicintegrity,whichwillhelpraisethemoralstandardsintheacademicsociety.3.因特网的广泛应用引发了一场全球范围内的信息革命。信息已被作为一种重要的社会战略资源而与物资、能源、人力一起被列为现代社会生产力的重要因素。我国的信息安全形势不是很乐观。我国现在是世界上网人数最多的国家，然而由于基础薄弱，监管力度有限，网民安全意识淡薄，网上的重大失窃密案件多有发生；对社会稳定造成了许多负面影响。3.ThewideapplicationoftheInternethasbroughtaboutaglobalinformationrevolution.Informationhascometoberegardedasanimportantstrategicresourcewhichisrankedamongsuchimportantfactorsofmodernsocialproductivityasmaterials，energysourcesandmanpower.Thesituationofinformationsecurityofourcountryisnotveryoptimistic.OurnationnowhasthelargestnumberofInternetusersintheworld.However,duetotheweakinfrastructure,limitedsupervisingpowerandournetizensindifferencetosecurity，manyseriouscasesofloss,theftandleakageofsecretsovertheinternethavehappenedandhadmanynegativeeffectsonthestabilityofoursociety.4.很久以前我们就离开了家乡的土地，从那以后我们就生活在城市狭窄的天空下。失去了广阔的田野和清新的空气，我们不得不生活在都市吵杂而拥挤的环境里。如果我们不尽力在自己居住的小屋里保留最后一点绿色，不能给我们的心灵留下最后一块安置灵魂的空间，那么我们还拥有什么？4.Wehaveleftournativelandalongtimeago,andhavebeenlivinginthecitywhoseskyisnarrow.Havinglonglostthepoeticfieldsandfreshair,wehavetoliveinthenoisyandcrowedcity.Ifwedonottrytopreserveabitofgreeninourlittlerooms,ifwelosethelastbitofspacetoaccommodateoursoul,thenwhatdowestillhave?5.在学术民主方面，当时，学校经常有讨论会。通常是一个人先作主题发言，介绍学科领域的情况，大约讲40分钟，然后讨论一小时，大家七嘴八舌都可以讲。那时，我不过是个研究生，也参加讨论，这是允许的。主持会议的教授有时也和大家一起讨论，偶尔教授会说，他刚才讲的不对，收回。就这样，在学术问题上很讲民主。5.Asforacademicdemocracy,atthattime,thereweredifferentseminarsintheInstitute.Usuallythepresidentbeganwithanintroductionofabout40minutesonasubject,andtheneachandeveryonehadachancetospeakintheone-hourdiscussion.Iwasnobodybutapostgraduatethen,andalsohadavoiceinthediscussion,whichwasallowed.Theprofessorpresidingovertheseminarsometimesparticipatedinthediscussiontoo.Occasionallyyoucouldheartheprofessorsay,“ItakebackwhatIsaidjustnow.Iwaswrong.”Theywerequitedemocraticonacademicstudies.6.当前最重要的任务是发展国民经济，提高人民生活水平。因此，我们必须改革旧的经济体制，进一步解放生产力；我们应当向世界敞开大门，学习其他国家的先进的科学和技术。只要我们坚持改革开放政策，就一定能把我国建设成强大的社会主义国家。6.Ourprimarytaskatpresentistodevelopnationaleconomyandpromotethelivingstandardsofthepeople.Therefore,wemustreformtheoldeconomicsystemsoastofurtherliberateproductiveforces.Moreover,weshouldbeopentotheoutsideworldspthatwecanlearnadvancedscienceandtechnologyfromothercountries.Andwearesuretobuildchinaintoapowerfulsocialistcountrysolongaswesticktothereformandopeningpolicy.Foodsafetyisascientificdisciplineconcernedwithhandling,preparation,andstorageoffoodsinwaysthatpreventfood-borneillness.Itinvolvesanumberofroutinesthatshouldbefollowedtoavoidpotentiallyseverehealthhazards.Foodcantransmitdiseasefrompersontopersonaswellasserveasagrowthmediumforbacteriathatcancausefoodpoisoning.Debatesongeneticfoodsafetyincludesuchissuesasimpactofgeneticallymodifiedfoodonhealthoffurthergenerationsandgeneticpollutionofenvironment,whichcandestroynaturalbiologicaldiversity.Indevelopedcountiestherearerigorousstandardsforfoodpreparation,whereasinpoverty-strickencountriesthemainissueistheavailabilityofadequatesafewater.113w食品安全是门科学，研究的内容是如何处理、加工和储存食品才能防止食品导致的疾病。食品安全涉及一些日常程序，只有执行这些程序才能避免可能对健康造成的严重危害。食品能在人与人之间传播疾病，也能滋生细菌引起食品中毒。有关转基因食品安全的争论涉及的问题包括转基因食品对后代人健康的影响和基因的环境污染，基因的环境污染会破坏自然界的生物多样性。发达国家有严格的食品加工标准，而贫穷国家的主要问题是能否有充足的达标水源。