英语单词词性转换.doc

英语单词词性转换1、 动词(v.)名词(n.)1、词尾加上-er或-or之后就变成了表示某一类人的名词 例如:workworker, teachteacher, singsinger, jumpjumper, playplayer, learnlearner, visitvisitor, inventinventor,collectcollector等.注意:1)以不发音的e结尾的动词,在词尾加-r. 例如:drivedriver, writewriter等. 2)以辅音字母开头并以元音字母加辅音字母结尾的单词，应双写末尾的辅音字母再加er。 例如：runrunner, winwinner,beginbeginner等.2.在动词词尾加上-ment 变成名词例如:achieveachievement (成就) advertiseadvertisement/advertising(广告) agreeagreement disagreedisagreement amuseamusement (娱乐) improveimprovement(争吵) commit(奉献)commitment developdevelopment (发展) 有些单词比较特殊,需把动词后的e去掉再加ment. 例如:argueargument(争论)3. 在动词词尾加上-(t)ion/(s)ion变成名词例如: attractattraction; instructinstruction; inventinvention discussdiscussion; expressexpression educateeducation; graduategraduation; operateoperation (去e再加ion) competecompetition; organizeorganization (把e改成其他字母再加tion) decidedecision concludeconclusion (把de改为s再加ion) describedescription描写,描绘 (这是特例,不规则变化)4.在动词词尾加上-ance变成名词例如: appearappearance (外貌;出现) performperformance (演出) acceptacceptance (接受) resist-resistance n.抵抗，阻力 5.在动词词尾加-ing变成名词 (方法与动词变为现在分词的方法相同)例如:meetmeeting buildbuilding waitwaiting bathebathing saysaying(谚语) meanmeaning 注意:以辅音字母开头并以元音字母加辅音字母结尾的单词，应双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ing 如:swimswimming shopshopping beginbeginning 二、动词(v.)形容词(adj.)1.动词后面加able,以e结尾的动词则去e加able,表示具有此性质,特点或属性.例如: affordaffordable；lovelovable 2.动词后面加ed,以e结尾的动词则直接加d,表示被动性的属性或特点.例如: scatterscattered useused3不规则的动词则必须记忆,记住其过去分词形式.规律不大,意义同(b).三.名词(n.)形容词(adj.)1.在名词后面加-y可以变成形容词(尤其是一些与天气有关的名词)例如: rainrainy, cloudcloudy, windwindy, snowsnowy, healthhealthy, lucklucky,angerangry guiltguilty(内疚的) touristtouristy(游客多的) , salt (盐)salty (咸的) silk(丝绸)silky(丝绸般的), sleepsleepy (昏昏欲睡的)注意:1)如果以辅音字母开头并以元音字母加辅音字母结尾,这时应双写辅音字母再加-y. 如: sunsunny, funfunny, fogfoggy(有雾的), furfurry(毛皮的) 2)少数以不发音的e结尾的名词变为形容词时,应去掉e再加-y. 如: noisenoisy, iceicy, shineshiny(发亮的), taste(口味)tasty(甜的)2.名词后面加-ed,以e结尾的直接加d.例如: spot(斑点)spotted(有斑点的); talenttalented (有天赋的) organizeorganized 有组织的; balancebalanced(平衡的)3.一些抽象名词在词尾加-ful可以变为形容词例如:carecareful, thankthankful, helphelpful, useuseful, meaningmeaningful4.在名词后加-less构成含有否定意义的形容词例如:carecareless(粗心的), useuseless(无用的) hopehopeless(没希望的)，homehomeless(无家可归的)5.一些以-ce结尾的名词,把-ce改为-t变成形容词例如: differencedifferent, silencesilent, confidenceconfident6.在名词后加-ly变为形容词例如: friendfriendly, lovelovely, live-lively 7.在名词后加-ous变为形容词例如: dangerdangerous prosperous a 繁荣的（pro 在前+sper 希望+ous）8.名词后面加-al变为形容词例如: musicmusical; medicinemedical (这个比较特殊) 9名词后面加-able变为形容词,如果以e结尾就去e再加-able.例如: adjustadjustable 可调整的 valuevaluable有价值的10.名词后面加-en变成形容词例如: woodwooden 木制的 woolwoolen 羊毛的四.形容词(adj.)副词(adv.)一般在形容词的词尾加-ly可以变成副词例如: quickquickly, slowslowly, loudloudly, suddensuddenly 等例如:possiblepossibly, terribleterribly