小学英语句型句式.doc

小学英语句型句式一、句子的分类：1. 陈述句 A肯定陈述句： 主语+be+其它+句号 主语+V（Vs, Ved）+其它+句号 主语+情态动词+V+其它+句号B否定陈述句： 主语+be not +其它+句号主语+dont(doesnt, didnt)+V+其它+句号 主语+情态动词+not+V+其它+句号 2. 疑问句 A一般疑问句：be+主语+其它+问号Do(Does,Did)+主语+V+其它+问号情态动词+主语+V+其它+问号B特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+be+主语+其它+问号特殊疑问词+do(does,did)+主语+V+其它+问号特殊疑问词+情态动词+主语+V+其它+问号 3祈使句 A肯定祈使句：动词（原形）+其他+标点 B否定祈使句：Dont+动词（原形）+其他+标点4感叹句：What+a(an)+形容词+名词+(主语+谓语)例如： What beautiful flowers! What a mess! What a beautiful desert!How+形容词(副词)+主语+谓语! 例如： How beautiful! How beautiful the flower is! 二、把陈述句改为否定句、一般疑问句：陈述句：是用来陈述一件事情或表示一种看法，可分为肯定句和否定句两种形式。 1、改为否定句：（1）、谓语动词是be动词,助动词have, has, will,情态动词can等时，只要直接在这些词后面加not就构成否定形式。如：Lily is reading a story book . ( 改为否定句)Lily _ _ reading a story book . （2）、谓语动词是行为动词而又没有助动词或情态动词时，必须在谓语动词前加助动词，一般现在时加助动词dont，第三人称单数加doesnt，一般过去时加didnt，dont, ,doesnt，didnt后都用动词原形。如：The children had a good time at the party. (改为否定句) The children _ _ a good time at the party.2、改为一般疑问句：一般疑问句：以be动词, have /has/do等助动词、can/may/will等情态动词开头，以yes或no来回答的问句。（1）、谓语动词是be动词、助动词、情态动词时，只要直接把这些词置于句首，句末改成问号。如： They will go to Shanghai by ship . (改为一般疑问句)_(2)、谓语动词是行为动词时，必须在句首加上助动词Do、Does（三单）、Did（过去式）加上这些助动词后，句子中谓语动词必须用原形。如：I had some cotton candy . ( 改为一般疑问句)_注意：在把肯定句改成否定句或一般疑问句的时候,要注意句中是否有already、some、something、somebody等词，如果有也必须进行改变，already要改成yet，some、something、somebody等分别改成any、anything、anybody等。另外，在改成否定句的时候注意把too改成either, both改成neither, all改成none等.在改成一般疑问句的时候，常常把第一人称I、we改成第二人称you。（I/ weyou , myyour , many /some any ）三、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句：以疑问代词或疑问副词开头，提出疑问的句子。 它的基本结构是：特殊疑问词一般疑问句语序。常用的疑问词有：what, who(whom), whose, which, when, where, how, why等，回答时针对问句中的代词和副词来回答，不用yes或no来回答。 1)对指物名词或谓语动词提出疑问，疑问词用what The twins were making a kite .（用what就划线提问） _ 2)对名词前定语提出疑问，疑问词应用which，而且必须和名词连用。 Im going to take the shirt on the right.（划线提问）_ _ are you going to take? 3)对指人名词或代词提问用who，作宾语时提问用whom。 eg. Li Ping, they, his father 4)对物主代词和名词所有格提问用whose。eg. Li Pings coatWhose coat my fatherWhose father 5 对具体时间提出疑问，如 in the morning, last Sunday等，疑问词用when；对具体几点钟提问，疑问词应用what time。 6)对具体地点提出疑问，疑问词应用where。 The pupils are having a picnic at the foot of the hill. （划线提问）_ _ the pupils having a picnic? 7)对表原因的从句提问，常见的有because引导的从句，疑问词应用why。 Xiao Cheng didnt go to the farm with us because he was ill. （划线提问） _ _ Xiao Cheng go to the farm with us? 8)对方式或程度等提出疑问，用疑问词How。9)对数量提出疑问，疑问词为How many，要注意how many必须跟名词的复数形式。two hundred sheepHow many sheep 10)对价格提出疑问，疑问词用How much。 I paid fifty yuan for the sweater. _ _ did you pay for the sweater? 11)对时间长度提出疑问，疑问词应用How long。 _ _ _ you worked in that factory? 12)对时间频率，如 once a year, twice a week等提问，疑问词用How often。 13)对具体次数，如 once, twice, three times等提问，疑问词用How many times。eg. _ did he call you the day before yesterday?Twice. （96中考题）A.What time B.How many times C.How much D.How long 14)对in一段时间提问，疑问词一般用How soon。 eg. Jane and her brother will finish the work in two hours. （划线提问） _ _ _ Jane and her brother finish the work? 15)对距离提出疑问，疑问词用How far。eg. Its about two kilometres from here to the country.（划线提问） _ _ _ _ from here to the country? 16)另外，对日期、星期、天气等提出疑问，则分别用 Whats the date?/ What day is it ? 如果是过去时间，就用was代替is。如：Whats the weather like? 四、句式变换的方法：陈述句改否定句改一般疑问句划线部分提问1句子中有be动词is,am, are，was,were的：在be动词is,am, are,was,were后面加上not：将be动词is,am, are,was,were放在句子前面：用相应的疑问词替换划线部分提问，再写is,am, are,was,were1.Im ten.2.They are red.3.Its nine oclock.4. She was at home.5.They were crying.Im not ten.They arent red.Its not nine oclock. She wasnt at home. They werent crying.Are you ten?Are they red?Is it nine oclock?Was she at home?Were they crying?How old are you?What color are they?What time is it?Where was she?What were they doing?2句子中有情态动词的：在情态动词后面加上not:将在情态动词放在句子前面：用相应的疑问词替换划线部分提问，再写再写情态动词She can draw.She cant draw.Can she draw?What can she do?3句子中只有行为动词的：在行为动词前加dont, doesnt,didnt被帮的动词用原形：在句子前面加助动词do, does，didnt被帮的动词用原形：用相应的疑问词替换划线部分提问，再加助动词do, does，didnt被帮的动词用原形：I like pears.He likes ants.Ben has a bike.Lisa got a puppy.I dont like pears.He doesnt like ants.Ben doesnt have a bike.Lisa didnt get a puppy.Do you like pears?Does he like ants?Does Ben have a bike?Did Lisa get a puppy?What do you like?What does he like?Who has a bike?(注意)What did Lisa get?五、 感叹句：1、由What引导的感叹句其结构为:What+a(an)+形容词+名词+(主语+谓语)，如例如：What interesting books they are!多有趣的书啊! What bad weather it is!多坏的天气啊! What a beautiful girl!多漂亮的女孩啊!在口语中,这类感叹句有时常省略主语和谓语,如： What a big fish!多大的一条语啊 What a pretty girl!多秀丽的女孩啊! What a beautiful bird!多么漂亮的一只鸟啊!2、由how引导的感叹句。其结构为:How+形容词(副词)+主语+谓语!例如：How big the dining room is!餐厅真大啊! How lovely the girls are!这些女孩真可爱! How beautiful those flowers are!这些花真美啊!在口语中,这类感叹句有时常省略主语和谓语,只保留感叹部分。如: How clean! 真干净! How fast!多么快啊!六、祈使句：祈使句是表示请求、命令、建议、劝告、禁止的句子。其特点是以动词原形开头，主语you通常可以省略。1、 祈使句的肯定句式(1) 以动词原形开头，表示请求、命令等。如：Open the door, please! 请把门打开！ Listen to me ! 听我说！(2) 以Let 开头，可以表示建议和请求。如：Lets go to school . 我们去学校吧！(3) Be 动词+形容词，表示请求、建议或提醒对方。如：Be quiet ! 请安静！ Be careful ! 小心！(4) No+名词/动名词，是警示语，表示禁止，在公共场合经常见到。如：No photos ! 禁止拍照 ！ No smoking ! 禁止吸烟！2、祈使句的否定形式祈使句的否定形式就是在句子开头加 “Dont” ，表示建议、劝告。如：Climb the mountains !（改为否定句）_七、 描写天气的句型： A. There be+名词， There will be+名词。(名词：snow, wind, rain, cloud, sun) 如：There is rain. There was rain. There will be rain. B. It be+形容词，It will be+形容词。(形容词：snowy, windy, rainy, cloudy, sunny, hot, cold, warm, cool, fine) 如：It is rainy. It was rainy. It will be rainy. C. It +Vs或Ved， It+be +Ving It+ will +V。(名词：snow, wind, rain) 如：It rains. It rained. It is raining. It will rain. 表格表示如下：词性 一般现在时现在进行时一般过去时过去进行时一般将来时问句Whats the weather like today?What was the weather like yesterday?What will the weather be like tomorrow?答句名词There is rain. There is snow.There was rain. There was snow.There will be rain. There will be snow.形容词It is rainy. It is snowy.It was rainy. It was snowy.It will be rainy. It will be snowy.动词It is raining. It is snowing.It rains. It snows.It rained. It snowed.It was raining. It was snowing.It will rain. It will snow.八、情景交际：一介绍人物（What, Who）、问候(How)、礼貌用语：1. Whats your name? -Im Tony. My names Tony. 你的名字是什么？我是托尼。2. Whos she? Shemy mother. 她是谁？ 她是我的妈妈。 Whos that boy? Hes my friend. His names Ben. Look,thats my teacher. 那个男孩是谁？ 他是我的朋友。 他的名字是本。 看，那是我的老师。 How about me? Youre my friend. 那么我呢？ 你是我的朋友。3. 第一次见面问候： Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you, too. 很高兴认识你。 也很高兴认识你。 How do you do? How do you do? 你好吗？ 你好吗？4. 老朋友见面问候： How are you? Im fine, thank you. 你好吗？ 我很好，谢谢。 And you? Im fine, too. 你呢？ 我也很好。5. 问候对方家人： How is your mother? Shes fine, thanks. 你妈妈好吗？ 她很好，谢谢。6. 道谢： Thank you. / Thanks. /Thank you very much./ Thanks a lot. 谢谢。 谢谢。 很感谢。 很感谢。 - Youre welcome. Thats (Its) OK. Thats (Its) all right. Not at all. 别客气。 没关系。 没关系。 没关系。7. 道歉： Sorry. - It doesnt matter. Thats (Its) OK. Thats (Its) all right. Not at all. 不要紧。 没关系。 没关系。 没关系。二介绍某物：1Whats this (that)? Its a desk. 这(那)是什么？ 它是一张书桌。2. What are these(those)? Theyre apples. 这些(那些)是什么？ 它们是苹果。 3Is this (that) a panda ? Yes, it is. No, it isnt. 这是一只熊猫吗？ 是，它是。 不，它不是。 4Are these(those) grapes? Yes, they are. No, they arent.这些是葡萄吗？ 是的，它们是。不，它们不是。5This(That) is an ant. This(That) isnt an ant. 这(那)是一只蚂蚁。 这(那)不是一只蚂蚁。6These(Those) are ants. These(Those) arent ants. 这些(那些)是蚂蚁。 这些(那些)不是蚂蚁。三建议（Let）、命令、请求 (Can, May)、能力（can）：1 建议： Lets go swimming. OK. / All right. / Thats a good idea. 让我们去游泳吧。 好的。 好的。 好主意。2. 命令 ： Touch your nose! Dont close your eyes!触摸你的鼻子！ 别闭上你的眼睛!3. 请求 ： Let me have a look. OK. Can(May) I have a peach? Sure. Here you are. No. Sorry. 我可以要一个桃子吗 当然。给你。 不，对不起。Can you take out the trash，please ? Sure . Ill take it out . Sorry . Im busy now .你可以拿走垃圾吗? 当然可以.我会拿走它的。对不起。我现在很忙。Can you hang up my clothes , please ? Sure . Ill hang them up in a minute .你可以挂起我的衣服吗？ 当然可以。一会儿我会挂起它们4. 能力 ：Can you sing? Yes, I can. No, I cant. 你会唱歌吗？ 是的，我会。 不，我不会。 Can he sing? No, he cant sing. But he can dance. 他会唱歌吗？ 不，他不会唱歌。 但他会跳舞。 What can Gogo do? He can fly. He flies to the park every week. 高高能做怎么？ 他能飞。 他每个星期五都飞去公园。四喜欢某物(what, like)，喜欢做某事(what, like doing)： 1喜欢某物(what, like)：What do you like? I like milk. 你喜欢什么? 我喜欢牛奶。 Does Jenny like milk? Yes, she does. She likes milk. 珍妮喜欢牛奶吗？ 是的，她喜欢。她喜欢牛奶。 Do they like mike? No, they dont. They dont like milk. 他们喜欢牛奶吗？ 是的，他们不喜欢。他们不喜欢牛奶。2. 喜欢做某事(what, like doing)： What do you like doing? I like reading comic books.你喜欢做什么? 我喜欢看漫画书。Does Jenny like reading comic books? Yes, she likes reading comic books.珍妮喜欢看漫画书吗？ 是的，她喜欢。她喜欢看漫画书。Do they like reading comic books? No, they dont like reading comic books.他们喜欢看漫画书吗？ 不，他们不喜欢看漫画书。五想要某物(what, want)，想做做某事(what, want to do)：1喜欢某物(what, want)： What do you want? I want a guitar. 你想要什么? 我想要一个吉他。 Does Jenny want a guitar? Yes, she does. She wants a guitar. 珍妮想要一个吉他吗？ 是的，她想要。她想要一个吉他。 Do they want a guitar? No, they dont. They dont want a guitar. 他们想要一个吉他吗？ 不，他们不想要。他们不想要一个吉他。2. 喜欢做某事(what, want to do)： What do you want to do? I want to see a movie. 你想做什么? 我想看电影。Does Jenny want to see a movie? Yes, she does. She wants to see a movie. 珍妮想看电影吗？ 是的， 她想。她想电影吗。 Do they want to see a movie? No, they dont. They dont want to see a movie.他们想看电影吗？ 不，他们不想。他们不想看电影。六天气（某物）怎么样（what , be like）： What was the weather like yesterday? It was sunny. 昨天的天气怎么样? 是晴朗的。 What will the weather be like tomorrow? It will be sunny. 明天的天气将会怎样？ 将会是晴朗的。 What are your shoes like today? They are dirty. 你的鞋子今天怎么样？ 是脏的。 What were your shoes like yesterday? They were clean. 你的鞋子昨天天怎么样？ 是干净的。七问时间：1. 星期(What day)： What day is it today? Its Sunday. 今天是星期几？ 是星期天。 What day was it yesterday? It was Saturday.昨天是星期几？ 是星期六。2.日期(Whats the date) : Whats the date today? Its July 13th .今天是什么日期？ 是七月13日。What was the date yesterday? It was July 12th .昨天是什么日期？ 是七月12日。3. 几点(What time) : What time is it now? Its ten oclock. 现在几点了？ 十点。 What time did you go to school this morning? I went to school at 7:00. 你今天早上几点上学？ 我七点上学。4. 什么时候(When) : Whens winter holiday? Its in January and February. 寒假是在什么时候？ 在一月和二月。 Whens your birthday? Its in June. Its on June 1st . 你的生日在什么时候？ 在六月。 在六月1日。八问职业(What)：What do you do? Im a doctor. I work in the hospital.你是做什么的？ 我是医生。 我在医院工作。What does he do? Hes a teacher. She works in the school.他是做什么的？ 他是教师。 他在学校工作。What do you want to be? I want to be an office worker.你想成为什么？ 我想成为一名办公室工作人员。What dose she want to be? She wants to be a nurse.她想成为什么？ 她想成为一名护士。九谁的东西，形容词性无主代词与名词性无主代词（whose, my/mine）：1. -Whose skateboard is this? 或 Whose is this skateboard? 这是谁的滑板？ 这滑板是谁的？- Its my skateboard. 或 Its mine. 是我的滑板。 是我的。2. - Is this your money? 或Is this money yours? 这是你的钱吗？ 这钱是你的吗？ - Yes, its my money. 或 Yes, its mine. (Yes, it is.) 是的，是我的钱。 是的，是我的。 是的，它是。 3. -Are these Jennys keys? 或 Are these keys Jennys? 这些是珍妮的钥匙吗？ 这些钥匙是珍妮的吗？ - No, theyre not her keys. 或No, theyre not hers. (No, they arent.) 不，它们不是她的钥匙。 不， 它们不是她的。 不，它们不是。十问颜色(What color)：What color is this? Its orange. 这是什么颜色？它是橙色。 What color are these leaves? They are red, yellow and orange.这些叶子是什么颜色的？ 它们是红色、黄色和橙色的。十一问年龄（How old）： How old are you? Im ten. How old is your brother? Hes seven years old.你几岁？ 我是十岁。 你的的弟弟几岁？ 他七岁。 十二 问数量（How many可数, How much不可数）；问价钱（How much）How many cherries are there on the table? There are twelve cherries. 桌子上有多少个樱桃？ 有十二个。 How much water is there in the glass? There is a lot of water.玻璃杯里有多少水？ 有许多水。How much is the guitar? Its 85 dollars. 这吉他多少钱？ 它是85美元。 How much are those socks ? They four yuan. 这些袜子多少钱？ 他们是4元 十三问发生什么事情（What）： What happened? A typhoon came.What happened to the trees? The wind blew away their leaves.Whats the matter with her? She has a fever. She should take some medicine.Whats wrong with him? He caught a cold. He should stay in bed.十四问怎样去某地（How）：1. How do you go to school? I go to school on foot./ I walk to school.2. How does Jenny go to school? She goes to school by subway. He takes the subway to school. She goes to school on the subway.十五问多久做某事几次（How often）： How often do you go fishing ? I go fishing about once a week .你多长时间钓一次鱼？ 我大约每星期钓一次鱼。How often does he eat fish ? He eats fish about once a year .你多长时间吃一次鱼？ 我大约每年吃一次鱼。十六问方位（Where）： Wheres my wallet? Its behind the sofa. 我的钱包在哪里？ 它在沙发的后面。Where are my glasses? Theyre in front of the bookcase. 我的眼镜在哪里？ 它们在书架的前面.Where did you buy those shoes? I bought them at the shopping mall .你在哪里买的这些鞋子？ 我在购物商场买的。Where do you come from? I come from Xinhui.Where are you from? Im from Xinhui.Where did you come from? I came from Shanghai.Where were you from? I was from Shanghai. 基础题：1、 按要求改写下面的句子。1.She does housework at the weekends. (改为否定句) 2. The camera is very nice. （改为感叹句） 3. It always rains in summer there. （改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答） 4.It is a fine day today. （改为感叹句） 5. The children have school today. （改为否定句） _6.David and Mike are going to planting trees this afternoon.（对画线部分提问） 7.Its cold in winter there. （对画线部分提问） 8.I get to the shopping centre by bus. （对画线部分提问） 9.He often cleans his bedroom. （改为一般疑问句） 10. He did his homework in the classroom. （改为否定句） 二、单选题。 ( )1.当向别人打招呼时，应该说： A.Hello. B.Good morning . C.Goodbye.( )2.How are you ? 的正确答语是： A.My nameis Gogo. B.Im fine,thank you . C.Hello.( )3.当想知道别人的名字时，应该说： A.Whats your name ? B.See you. C.Thank you.( )4.Nice to meet you 的意思是: A.见到你很高兴。 B.你好吗？ C.你好。( )5.向别人告别时，应该说： A.Good bye! B.Hi. C.Good morning.( )6.-Good afternoon ! -_ A.Hello! B.Hi ! C.Afternoon !( )7.-Nice to see you again !-_ A.How are you ? B.Hello ! C.Nice to see you , too.( )8.-Good night,mom ! -_ A.Good evening ! B.Good night ! C.Night !( )9.-How are you ? -_ A.Fine,thank you . B.I am 10. C.Nine .( )10.-How do you do ? -_ A.Fine ,Thank you . B.How are you ? C.How do you do ?( )11. -How do you go to school ?-_ A.I go to Canada by plane. B.I go to school by bike. C.What about you ?( )12.-_? - Its Monday. A.What is it today ? B.What day is it today ? C.What day is today ?( )13.-_? -Its near the post office. A.Yes,there is . B.No,its not far. C. Where is the library? ( )14.- Nice to meet you ! -_ A.Fine,thank you. B.OK. C.Nice to meet you ,too !( )15.-How old are you ?-_ A.How are you ? B.I am 11. C.I have 11.( )16.-_? -50 yuan. A.How much is this schoolbag ? B.How many is this schoolbag ? C.How much are this schoolbag ?( )17.-May I have a look ?-_ A.Sure.Here you are . B.Look! C.Sure.Here are you .( )18.-_? -I have 23. A.How many books do you have ? B.How many books can you see? C.How many book do you have ?( )19.-How many story books do you have ?-_ A.I have 10. B.I can see 10. C.Thirty yuan.( )20.-Do you have new teachers? -_ A.Yes,we do . B.Yes,we dont. C.Yes,we have .提高题：1、 按要求改写句子。1、Liu Tao needs some pencils. （改为否定句） 2、Go along this street. （改为否定句） 3、Tom jumps as far as Mike. （改为否定句） 4、Danny went to the park with his friends.（对画线部分提问）_ 5、I get up at six thirty every day. （用yesterday afternoon替代every day） 2、 先改为一般疑问句，然后对划线部分提问。1、 We collected some eggs on the farm _ 2、I was at the camp last week. _3、We often go shopping together. _4、 David usually plays football at school. _5、They collect some eggs on the farm. _6、Mum watered trees and fl