《中西饮食文化》PPT课件.ppt

美食天地 粥 porridge congee rice 或millet小米 gruel稀粥馒头streamedbun 花卷steamedtwistedroll锅贴lightlyfrieddumpling烧饼clayovenrollssesameseedcake八宝饭eight treasurericepudding 豆浆soy beanmilk豆腐脑beancurdjelly油条deep friedtwisteddoughsticks茶叶蛋eggboiledwithsalt tea包子steamedstuffedbun油饼deep frieddoughcake 不吃早饭慢性自杀 国外医学专家研究发现 不吃早餐不仅会伤害肠胃 使人感到疲倦 胃部不适和头痛 不吃早餐首先会精神不振 并影响胃酸分泌 胆汁排出 这会减弱消化系统功能 诱发胃炎 胆结石等消化系统疾病 长期不吃早餐的人 皮肤干燥 容易产生皱纹 提前老化 同时由于早餐离前一天晚餐时间相距太长 胃壁特别容易腐蚀而造成溃疡 Whatwordsorexpressionscanyouthinkofrelatedto cuisine and 色 香 味 Brainstorm culinary k lin ri a 厨房的 烹调的cookery kuk ri n 烹调法 烹调术cooking cuisine kwi zi n n 烹饪culinaryartFrance Italy IndiaandChinacuisinesChinesecuisineisverydifferentfromEuropean 中国烹饪与欧洲烹饪有很大区别 色香味俱全perfectcombinationofcoloraromatasteandappearance Color itlooksbright goden oily andshinyAroma odour scent fragranceTaste tastessoursweetbitterhotsalty 酸甜苦辣咸 delicious crispandsoftfresh lightandmellow gourmet gu mei n 美食者 这么漂亮 怎么吃呀 HowmanycuisinesinChina 中国多少菜系 四八十十二十六 各地简称 Shandong Lu魯 Sichuan Chuan川 Cantonese Yue粵 Jiangsu Su苏orYang揚 Anhui Hui徽 Fujian Min闽 Zhejiang Zhe浙 Hunan Xiang湘 FourGreatTraditions 四大菜系 Fourmainregionalcuisines 鲁菜 川菜 粤菜和苏 扬 菜 Shandong Sichuan Cantonese JiangsucuisineareoftenconsideredasthestandoutsofChinesecuisine eightmainregionalcuisines orEightGreatTraditions 八大菜系 鲁 川 粤 苏 扬 Shandong Sichuan Cantonese Jiangsu 徽 闽 浙 湘等菜系 Anhui Fujian Zhejiang andHunan theTenGreatTraditions 十大菜系 Occasionally BeijingcuisineandShanghaicuisinearealsocitedalongwiththeaforementionedeightregionalstyles 鲁菜 Ingredients seafood includingscallops扇贝 prawns seacucumbers海参 andsquid鱿鱼 vegetablesPotatoes tomatoes mushrooms onions garlicandeggplants largesweetcabbages Millet wheat oatandbarleyofteneatenasporridge Zh u steamedandfriedbreads FourHappyMeatballs四个欢喜的肉团 四喜丸子 TypicalShandongdelicacies 红烧海螺 conchbraisedwithsoysauce 糖醋黄河鲤鱼friedcarpoftheYellowRiverwithsweetandsoursauce 烤大虾 roastprawns nine bendspigintestines九转大肠 skin crisproastedduck脆皮烤鸭 Shandongdelicacies 川菜著名菜品 宫保鸡丁 麻婆豆腐鱼香肉丝 回锅肉水煮肉片 水煮鱼夫妻肺片 四川火锅 水煮鱼SpicedFishStewFishFiletsinHotChiliOil 宫爆鸡丁GovermentabuseChiken 政府虐待鸡 KungPaochickenSaut edDicedChickenwithPeanutsandChili 麻婆豆腐 Beancurdmadebyapock markedwoman 满脸雀斑的女人制作的豆腐 MapoTofu Stir FriedTofuinHotSauce 夫妻肺片HusbandandWife slungslice丈夫和妻子的肺切片 PorkLungsinChiliSauce TwiceCookedPork回锅肉 鱼香肉丝Yu ShiangShreddedPork Saut edwithSpicyGarlicSauce Representativedishes shreddedporkwithchillisauce 青椒肉丝Dandannoodles担担面 Bonbonchicken棒棒鸡Sichuanhotpot四川火锅 isgenerallyspicy Ingredients preservedfoodthroughpickling salting dryingandsmoking Sichuanpickleshaveanappealingsmell andarecrisp tender salty sour hot andsweet Seasoning peppercornswithafragrant numbing almostcitrusyflavor Alsocommonarechili gingerandotherspicyherbs plantsandspices Broadbeanchilipaste 豆瓣酱 Cookingtechniques stirfrying steamingandbraising 粤菜 包括广州菜 潮州菜和东江菜 选料广博 奇而且杂 鸟 鼠蛇 虫皆为佳肴 调料独特 常见的有蚝油 汁 鱼露 珠油 糖醋 西汁等 烹调方法独特 有煲 泡 局 等 代表菜有 三蛇龙虎会 龙虎凤蛇羹 油包鲜虾仁 八宝鲜莲八宝盅 蚝油鲜菇 瓦掌山瑞 脆皮乳猪等 ClassicCantonesesaucesarelightandperhapsbland Ingredients Besidespork beef andchicken Cantonesecuisineincorporatesalmostallediblemeats includingorganmeats chickenfeet ducktongues snakes andsnails Manycookingmethods steaming stir frying shallowfrying doubleboiling braising anddeep frying BlanchedChineseBroccoliwithoystersauce 蚝油炒芥兰 CantonesedishesTraditionaldishes Sweetandsourpork 咕噜肉 Steamedspareribs paigu withfermentedblackbeansandchilipepper 豉椒排骨 Stir friedvegetableswithmeat e g chicken duck pork beef orintestines 青菜炒肉片 Steamedfroglegsonlotusleaf 荷叶蒸田鸡 RoastSucklingPig Prawncrackers 蝦饼 Wintermelonsoup 冬瓜湯 Snowfungussoup 银耳湯 Chinesesteamedeggs 蒸水蛋 Congeewithcenturyegg 皮蛋粥 Wontonnoodle 云吞面 Pan friedcrispynoodles 炒面 Lomein 捞面 干烧对虾Dry BraisedPrawnwithHamandAsparagus Lobsterwithgingerandscallions 姜葱龙虾 Whiteboiledshrimp 白灼虾 Littlepanrice 煲仔飯Claypotcooking Porkspareribsoverrice 排骨煲仔飯 Steamedchickenoverrice 蒸鸡肉煲仔飯 DessertRedbeansoup 紅豆沙Blacksesamesoup 芝麻糊 Mungbeansoup 綠豆沙 ShavedIce 刨冰 Steamedeggcustard 燉蛋 浙 扬 ingredients carefullyselectedtealeaves bambooshoots mushrooms pears anddates cookingmethods stewing braising quick frying warming up stir frying Condiments winesaucepicklingandaddingsomesugarmeloncarvingtechniqueisespeciallywellknown Typicalcourses 金陵咸水鸭Jinlingsalteddriedduck Nanjing smostfamousdish 松鼠桂鱼SweetandSourSquirrel shapedMandarinFish霸王别姬FarewellMyConcubine soft shelledturtlestewedwithmanyotheringredientssuchaschicken mushroomsandwine 龙井虾仁Stir friedShelledShrimpwithLongjingTeaLeaves WestLakeFishinVinegarGravy西湖醋鱼 beggar schicken叫花鸡 南淡北咸thelightsoutherncuisine andthesaltynortherncuisine东甜西辣thesweeteasterncuisine andthespicywesterncuisine blendingofseasonings佐料搭配condiment k ndim nt n 调味品 Springonion sugar salt soysauce ricewine cornstarch vinegar sesameoil andotheroilssufficetoenhanceflavorinmostCantonesecooking Ginger chilipeppers five spicepowder powderedwhitepepper staranise大茴香andafewotherspicesareused butoftensparingly Rulesforinterpretingmenu 菜品口译秘籍 一 刀工slicingtechniques 切 削 cutting 切片 slicing 切丝 shredding 切碎 mincing 切丁 dicing 切柳 filleting 切条cuttingtostrips 切碎mincing磨碎grinding去骨 boning 去皮 skinning peeling 刮鳞 scaling 剁末 mashing 刻 雕 carving 等 经过加工后的原料具有丁 条 丝 片 块等几何形状 如肉丝 porkshreds 鸡块 chickenslices 等 其他的加工方法还有酿 stuffing 腌 picking salting 浸 泡 marinating 去壳 shelling 刨丝 grating 等 timing火候 大火strongheat中火mediumheat微火gentleheat 二 烹调方法cookingmethods至少有50种 归纳出以下主要常用的11种 1 炒 stir frying 2 煎 pan frying 如煎鸡蛋 pan friedegg 3 爆 quick frying 如爆大虾 quick friedshrimps 4 炸 deep frying 如五香炸鸡翅 deep friedchickenwingwithspicyflavour 如再细分 还可分为干炸 drydeep frying 软炸 softdeep frying 和酥炸 crispdeep frying 5 烧 braising 用酱油来烧 叫红烧 braisingwithsoysauce braisinginbrownsauce 6 煮 boiling 煮还可分速煮 instantboiling 北方的涮羊肉instantboiledmutton 广东的 打边炉 chafingdish也属此类 和快煮 quickboiling 7 蒸 steaming 如荷叶粉蒸肉 steamedflour coatedporkwrappedinlotusleaves 8 煲 炖 煨 焖 卤 simmering stewing 这五种烹调方法基本相同 如炖栗子鸡 stewedchickenwithchestnuts 煨牛肉 simmeredbeef 隔水炖是stewingoutofwater 用于炖补品 倘若放进味汁里煮 那就是 卤 stewingingravy了 9 熏 smoking 用调料香料调制后 用特殊的树木柴禾熏烤而熟 如熏山鸡 smokedpheasant 10 烘烤铁烧 铁烧 broiling或grilling 是将食物放在铁板或铁架上用明火烤 铁烧牛扒 grilledbeefsteak 烧烤 roasting 是在火上 火前或在铁架上烧 烧乳猪 roastsucklingpig 烘 baking 指将食物放在密闭的烘炉里烤 浇油烧 basting 是指在食物烧烤过程中不时浇淋调味油 以防烤焦 奶油烧鱼柳 grilledfishwithbuttersauce 11 白灼 scalding或blanching 如白灼海螺片 scaldedslicedconch 1 以烹调方法开头的翻译方法 1 烹调法 主料 形状 炒鳝片Stir friedEelSlices煨牛肉SimmeredBeef清蒸鳊鱼SteamedLimande 2 烹调法 主料 形状 with 辅料蟹粉蒸鱼肚StewedFishTripewithCrabMeat腐乳汁烧肉BraisedPorkwithPreservedBeanCurd辣子炒肉丁Stir friedDicedPorkwithGreenPepper 3 烹调法 主料 形状 with in 调料红烧鲤鱼头BraisedCarpHeadwithSoySauce辣味烩虾球BraisedPrawnBallsWithChilli ChiliSauce清炖猪蹄StewedPigHoofinCleanSoup 2 以主料开头的的翻译方法 有些菜肴名称不反应烹调方法 只需译出其主料 再用介词with或in接其辅料或调料 示例如下 1 主料 形状 with 辅料杏仁鸡丁ChickenCubeswithAlmond牛肉豆腐BeefwithBeancurd鸡丝凉面ColdNoodleswithChickenShreds 10 P166 2 主料 形状 with in 调料糖醋鱼FishwithSweetandSourSauce椒盐排骨SpareRibswithPepperandSalt 11 P57 米酒鱼卷FishRollswithRiceWine meat chicken fishpork beef muttonVeal lamb小羊肉 3 以原料形状或口感开头的翻译方法 1 口感 烹法 主料水煮嫩鱼TenderStewedFish香煎鸡块FragrantFriedChicken酥炸芋球CrispDeep friedTaroBall 2 形状 口感 主料 with 辅料陈皮兔丁DicedRabbitwithOrangePeel时蔬鸡片SlicedChickenwithSeasonalVegetables冬笋牛肉丝FriedBeefShredswithBambooShoots 3 形状 口感 主料 with 调料茄汁鱼片SlicedFishwithTomatoSauce黄酒脆皮虾仁CrispShrimpswithRiceWineSauce糖醋咕咾肉FriedPorkSliceswithSweetandSourSauce 二 直译 音译法 对于一些有地方特色的名菜 应采用原料 地名 Style的方法 如湖南肉PorkHunanStyle 麻婆豆腐BeanCurdSichuanStyle等 用 音译地名 人名 直译原料 这种译法可能更有 中国味儿 如 东坡肉DongpoBraisedPork宋嫂鱼羹SongsaoFishPotage北京烤鸭BeijingRoastDuck