高三英语上学期期末试卷（含解析）+关于逆境的作文：逆境让人变强

高三英语上学期期末试卷（含解析）+关于逆境的作文：逆境让人变强2018-2019学年上学期高三期末考试英语试卷注意事项:1.答题前，考生务必在试题卷、答题卡规定的地方填写自己的准考证号、姓名。考生要认真核对答题卡上粘贴的条形码的“准考证号、姓名”与考生本人准考证号、姓名是否一致。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束，考生必须将答题卡交回。第一部分 听力(共两节，满分 30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节 听下面 5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有 10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】What does the woman want to know?A. If the man is thirsty. B. If the man likes Beyonce. C. If the man has heard some new music.【答案】C【解析】【分析】W:Have you heard the new Beyonc6 album? Its called Lemonade.M:No，I havent listened to it yet. Speaking of lemonade. I could really use something to drink!【详解】此为听力题，解析略。2.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】What does the man probably want the woman to do?A. Fix his pants. B. Give him his money back. C. Give him a new pair of pants for flee.【答案】B【解析】【分析】M:I need to return this pair of pants.They have a hole in them.W:Okay，sir.I can give you 50 off a new pair.M:Just 50? Its not my fault that they have a hole. I just want a refund.【详解】此为听力题，解析略。3.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】Who might Shelly be?A. The mans wife. B. The girls sister. C. A babysitter.【答案】C【解析】【分析】W:I need help with my homework. Dad.M:Im running out the door to meet your mother. Shelly should be here to help you soon.Shes staying until 9:00 tonight and also making dinner for you and your sister.【详解】此为听力题，解析略。4.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】How does the woman probably feel in the beginning?A. Confused. B. Satisfied. C. Disappointed.【答案】A【解析】【分析】M:Are you even listening to me?Do not go in that room!W:What are you talking about?This is my roomOh，you planned me a surprise party!Youre so silly.Thank you!【详解】此为听力题，解析略。5.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】What does the man mean?A. The next dish will be really special. B. The baked potatoes are his best dish. C. He11 make something even better next time.【答案】A【解析】【分析】W:Wow,I didnt know you were such a great cook These baked potatoes are to die for!M:Ive been taking cooking lessons.And you havent seen anything yet.Youre going to love the main course!【详解】此为听力题，解析略。第二节 听下面 5段对话或独白。每段对话或独自后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独自前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处有音频，请去附件查看】6. How long does the woman usually study the night before a test?A. About an hour. B. About two hours. C. About three hours.7. What will the man do next?A. Talk to the teacher. B. Study with the woman. C. Take a test.【答案】6. B 7. A【解析】M:Can you help me with this math problem?W:Actually,I dont know how to do it，either.You should probably just ask the teacher.M:I thought you always got 1 00on all your math testsW:I usually do，but sometimes I need help.too.M:How long do you usually study for a test?W:About two hours the night before，and then an hour or so earlier in the week.M:I need to study more.Maybe we can study together.W:Sure.Id be happy to help you.M:Im going to ask the teacher about this problem.I11 let you know what he says.W:Sounds good to me.【6 题详解】此为听力题，解析略。【7 题详解】此为听力题，解析略。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处有音频，请去附件查看】8. According to the conversation，what does Google want to do?A. Replace all drivers with computers. B. Research sleep patterns. C. Make trucking more efficient.9. What does the woman suggest about trucks?A. Human drivers react quicker than machines.B. Many jobs might disappear with self-driving trucks.C. Many accidents involve regular trucks.10. How does the man feel about self-driving trucks?A. Hes a 1ittle scared by them. B. Hes excited by their speed. C. He thinks theyre safer.【答案】8. C 9. C 10. A【解析】M:Would you consider buying a self-driving car?W:I dont know.I guess Id have to research a bit more about them before making that decisionM:It will probably be a while before we are able to buy them,anyway.We might be seeing self-driving trucks on the road pretty soon，though.Google wants to change the commercial trucking industry.Right now,there are over three million truck drivers in the U.S., so adding self-driving trucks would likely take away a lot of jobs.But many drivers might stiff be able to accompany their trucks，and get a full nights sleep in the process.W:Truck drivers cause a lot of accidents on the freeway,so I think Id like to see self-driving trucks.It would make me.feel safer on the road.M:Really?I think it might make me feel less safe.A human driver is much more likely to react quickly to something unexpected.【8 题详解】此为听力题，解析略。【9 题详解】此为听力题，解析略。【10 题详解】此为听力题，解析略。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处有音频，请去附件查看】11. Who created the new products?A. Health box. B. Under Armor C. UA Record.12. What does the woman think of the products?A. Shes not very impressed by them. B. She thinks theyre worth the money.C. They sound new and different.13. What does the man like most about the products?A. They can measure your body fat. B. Your heart rate can be tracked.C. You can set goals and measure your progress.【答案】11. B 12. A 13. C【解析】M:Have you heard of the UA Healthbox?W:No.Whats that?M:It was created by the company Under Armor.Its a new set of three smart devices-a wristband，a scale，and a heartrate monitor.They all record information about you when you exercise，which is then collected in the app，UA Record.W:I like that all of the information goes into one app.but it doesnt sound very different from other products that are already out there.M:Check this out，though:you can touch the screen of the wristband to signal that youre starting or ending an activity.Then the scale measures your body fat and weight，while the monitor tracks your heart rate.You wear the heart monitor on a band around your chest.The best part about it is that you can set goals and measure your progress.W:How much does it cost?M:The whole set is around$400，but you can just buy the wristband if you want，which is$180.W:Wow,thats not exactly a bargain.is it?【11 题详解】此为听力题，解析略。【12 题详解】此为听力题，解析略。【13 题详解】此为听力题，解析略。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处有音频，请去附件查看】14. What is the womans advice?A. Studying harder B. Just being honest. C. Choosing a career early.15. What might t11e man write his essay about?A. What he wants to major in. B. His unknown future. C. His high school experience.16. Who might Mrs.Watson be?A. The mans drama teacher. B. The mans math teacher. C. The mans English teacher.【答案】14. B 15. B 16. C【解析】W:What are you doing?M:Im working on my college application.I just started writing my personal statement, but Im having a hard time.W:What does it have to be about?M:Its basically just an essay about why 1 want to go to college and what I hope to do there.Its difficult to write because I dont know what to major in yet.I know 1 want to go to college；I just dont have an idea of why 1 want to go.W:Why not just tell the truth in your:essay?M:You mean I should write about the fact that I dont know what to do with my life?W:Yeah! I mean，I doubt if anyone really knows what career they want to have when they first go to college.You have years to figure that out.M:I guess I could write about that.W:What else do you need to do to finish your application?M:I need two recommendation letters.I asked my English teacher and my math teacher.MrsWatson turned hers in，but Im waiting on my math teacher I wanted to ask my drama teacher, Mr.Bennett，but Ive only had one class with him，so I decided not to.I already turned in my grades and my SAT score.W:How did you do on the SAT?M:Not as well as I had hoped.I have really good grades.though.and Im in all honors classes，so that should help.【14 题详解】此为听力题，解析略。【15 题详解】此为听力题，解析略。【16 题详解】此为听力题，解析略。听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处有音频，请去附件查看】17. Who is Fran Smith?A. A weather reporter. B. A news host. C. A finance expert.18. When will the rain stop completely?A. By Thursday afternoon. B. By Wednesday evening. C. By tonight.19. What will the weather be like next week?A. Dry. B. Rainy. C. Foggy.20. What time of year is it?A. Spring. B. Summer. C. Fall.【答案】17. B 18. A 19. A 20. C【解析】And that was Fran Smith with the news.Good evening.Im Elizabeth Johnson here with tonights weather report.The rain is continuing!What a surprise!Were seeing heavy showers，as well as thunder and lightning.There are high winds to the north，with lighter showers in the south.Thankfully the rain should stop completely by Thursday afternoon.If you live by the coast，be careful of large waves.Because of the pressuresystem thats heading in tonight，the sea may be more forceful than usual.Id suggest staying away from beaches，and please do not head out into the ocean on a boat of any kind.On Friday,we can expect some fog，but by the weekend，we should be seeing some sunny skies and warmer weather.Tonight，we11 likely h“temperatures in the lower forties.with a high of around sixty-five this weekend.Its been raining nonstop for the past two weeks, so the break in the weather will be a welcome change.It looks like there wont be any more rain for the next few weeks，but that could always change.I hope that you are having a great Thanksgiving break,even with the weather. As always，be careful out there on the roads，and if you see or are in an emergency of any kind，call 911 immediately.Thats it for tonights weather report.Stay dry out there.Now over to Maria Hill with financial news.【17 题详解】此为听力题，解析略。【18 题详解】此为听力题，解析略。【19 题详解】此为听力题，解析略。【20 题详解】此为听力题，解析略。第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分 40分)第一节(共 15小题；每小题 2分，满分 30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AEco-friendly Vauban, lied in the southwest part of Germany, has everythingtree-lined streets, perfect housesbut its missing one urban feature of the last 100 years or so: the car. And Vauban residents(居民) dont mind one bit. Vauban doesnt ban cars entirely. Rather, it just tries to reduce the use of cars by creating “parking-free” and “car-free” living. In Vauban, parking spots are a no-no private property(私人财产). Cars can only be parked in public parking lots, so living without a car saves residents the cost of parking in the public lot. Cars also are prevented from using certain roads and must stick to strict speed limits. With these limitations, fewer than 20 percent of residents own cars. Without cars, bikes are almost religion in this small town. Kids pick them up even before they can ride one. Vauban is about much more than just using two wheels instead of four. In Vauban , residents ride bikes and even receive money from the electric company for selling electricity back to the power grid (电网系统). Its an environmentally-friendly city of the future, with organically grown food, renewable energy, and carbon-neutral homes. And now, with a population of 5,500, its attracting attention from around the world. Can an eco-friendly city like Vauban be a model for Americans to stop their over-reliance on the cars?Sometimes when I watch a news report whats in the back of my mind is what isnt being reported or stressed. While this eco-friendly city is inspiring in that it shows residents getting exercise and fresh air through the majority use of bicycles, as well as good old fashioned walking, common sense would tell you that even for a place like Vauban, Germany, it owes its existence to the cars.Do you think that bicycles were able to transport all the construction materials that were needed to build and maintain the eco-friendly homes and businesses in Vauban? It took cars to help build this utopia. Its one of the paradoxes of life that sometimes in order to get away from relying on something like the car, you actually have to rely on that very thing at the beginning and into the foreseeable future to some degree.I myself havent owned a car for more than 14 years, and mostly get around town running, walking, or using public transportation. There are times I wish I had one, since it would make many things easier, but overall Im glad not to have to deal with the headaches of owning a car, which caused me to get rid of it in the first place. And all the walking and running has helped to keep me fit and healthy.To get even close to being like eco-friendly Vauban, Americans will need to absolutely change the way they live. Commuting( 乘车上下班) patterns will have to change, public transportation will have to be invested in, and so on. And though ending our love affair with the car will be impossible during my lifetime, we may at least start to see more Vauban-like areas in the USA.We can hope that Americans will consider using their feet more to get around, cutting down on pollution , and giving themselves some more exercise.21. Why dont over 80% of the residents in Vauban own car?A. The streets there are very narrow B. There are many limitations on the use of cars.C. The government limits the number of cars. D. Most cars belong to their public property22. The underlined word “paradoxes” in Paragraph 3 probably means_.A. opposite things B. big shortcomings C. great strengths D. firm bases23. How does the writer feel of not owning a car?A. Curious B. Proud C. Grateful D. Regretful【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，在德国的沃班，由于一些严格的限制，只有不到五分之一的居民拥有汽车，这让沃班成为生态环保之城，作者由此认为美国人应该改变生活和交通方式，希望美国也有沃班这样的绿色之都。【21 题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Cars also are prevented from using certain roads and must stick to strict speed limits. With these limitations, fewer than 20 percent of residents own cars. ”可知，在沃班，汽车禁止在某些道路上行驶，而且还有严格的速度限制，正是由于这些限制，只有不到五分之一的居民拥有汽车，故 B项正确。【22 题详解】词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“Do you think that bicycles were able to transport all the construction materials that were needed to build and maintain the eco-friendly homes and businesses in Vauban? It took cars to help build this utopia.”可知，自行车不能运输建设和维护沃班生态环保型住宅所需要的建筑材料，它们是靠汽车运输的，此处是说这是生活中的矛盾之一，有时为了摆脱对汽车的依赖，你必须在开始时依赖它，由此可知，画线词词义为“矛盾、对立物”，故 A项正确。【23 题详解】观点态度题。根据倒数第二段中的“but overall Im glad not to have to deal with the headaches of owning a car, which caused me to get rid of it in the first place. And all the walking and running has helped to keep me fit and healthy.”可知，作者很高兴不必处理拥有一辆车带来的麻烦，而且步行和跑步让他保持健康，由此可知作者很感激没有车给自己带来的好处，故 C项正确。【点睛】词义猜测特的难度较大，对画线词上下文的理解是关键，例如本篇第 3题，根据画线词前的“Do you think that bicycles were able to transport all the construction materials that were needed to build and maintain the eco-friendly homes and businesses in Vauban? It took cars to help build this utopia.”可知，自行车不能运输建设和维护沃班生态环保型住宅所需要的建筑材料，它们是靠汽车运输的，有时为了摆脱对汽车的依赖，你必须在开始时依赖它，摆脱和依赖是相互矛盾的，由此可知，画线词词义为“矛盾、对立物”。BAugustus Saint-Gaudens and his family immigrated to New York, America, from Dublin, Ireland, in 1848 when he was just six months old. As he grew up, Augustus liked racing his friends around the block, buying candies at the store, especially drawingdrawing pictures of the shoemakers at his fathers shoe shop. At the age of 13, his father told him it was time to go to work. Augustus replied, “I should like it if I could do something which would help me to be an artist. “ He began as an apprentice to a cameo cutter out of stone and shell, and carved cameos of people, lions, and even the head of Hercules from Greek mythology, when the Civil War had just begun.At 19, with his earnings and his parents support, he travelled to Paris and Rome for further training and artistic study. Before he left, he drew a portrait of his mother in pencil and sculpted a small bust(半身像) of his father out of clay. Then, 22-year-old Augustus opened an art studio in Rome and worked on his first life-sized sculpture, called Hiawatha. An art patron was impressed with this sculpture and promised to help Augustus “until your genius and labors shall have met with the reward to which I feel they are entitled“.In 1876, Augustus was chosen to design a monument to the Civil War hero Admiral David Farragut of the U. S. Navy. Completed five years later, when he was 33, his first major sculpture for the U. S. was unveiled at Madison Square in New York City, the sculptors boyhood home. One art critic called it “the best monument of the kind the city has to show“. Then the giant Standing Lincoln in Lincoln Park, Chicago in a setting by architect White, 1884-1887, was considered the finest portrait statue in the U. S.However, in 1900, aged 52, his doctors told him he had cancer. Even though he was often ill, he continued to work at his home and studio in Cornish, New Hampshire.In 1905, President Theodore Roosevelt requested that Augustus redesign American coinsto convey the strength of the nation. Augustus made lifelike pencil sketches of his coin designs. Yet, Augustus died in August 1907, two months before his l0-dollar and 20-dollar gold coins were issued. Augustus Saint-Gaudens had fulfilled his dream-and more! He was one of the greatest American sculptors not only of his day but also of all time.24. What did Augustus like doing as a child?A. He enjoyed selling candies at the store. B. He enjoyed chasing after his friends at school.C. He liked drawing pictures of his fathers workers. D. He liked going to work as a shoemaker in his fathers shop.25. How did Augustus become a sculptor?A. He received sponsorship from an art critic.B. He sculpted a small bust of his parents out of clay.C. He opened an art studio in Rome and worked on Hiawatha.D. He learned hard as an apprentice and carved many nice works.26. When did Roosevelt request Augustus to redesign American coins?A. At his age of 33. B. At his age of 57. C. At his age of 52. D. At his age of 59.27. What is the text mainly about?A. The history of the Civil War. B. The remarkable sculptors life.C. The comments on Augustus works. D. The outstanding sculptors masterpieces.【答案】24. C 25. D 26. B 27. B【解析】本文是一篇人物传记，主要介绍了美国杰出的雕刻家 Augustus的生平。【24 题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“As he grew up, Augustus liked racing his friends around the block, buying candies at the store, especially drawingdrawing pictures of the shoemakers at his fathers shoe shop.”可知，Augustus 喜欢和朋友们满街区地跑，在商店里买糖果，特别是在爸爸的鞋店里给鞋匠们画画，故 C项正确。【25 题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“He began as an apprentice to a cameo cutter out of stone and shell, and carved cameos of people, lions, and even the head of Hercules from Greek mythology, when the Civil War had just begun.”可知，他从一个石雕和贝壳雕刻师的学徒开始，雕刻人物、狮子，乃至希腊神话中的大力神的头颅，由此可知，他当学徒时学习很刻苦并雕刻了很多漂亮的作品，故 D项正确。【26 题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“However, in 1900, aged 52, his doctors told him he had cancer.”可知，1900 年时，Augustus52岁，再结合最后一段中的“In 1905, President Theodore Roosevelt requested that Augustus redesign American coins”可知，1905 年，Augustus57 岁的时候，罗斯福总统让他重新设计美国钱币，故 B项正确。【27 题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据最后一段中的“He was one of the greatest American sculptors not only of his day but also of all time.”可知，本文主要介绍了美国杰出的雕刻家 Augustus的生平，故 B项正确。CHumans and many other mammals have unusually efficient internal temperature regulating systems that automatically maintain stable core body temperatures（核心体温）in cold winters and warm summers. In addition, people have developed cultural patterns and technologies that help them adjust to extremes of temperature and humidity（湿度）.In very cold climates, there is a constant danger of developing hypothermia（低体温）, which is a life threatening drop in core body temperature to below normal levels. The normal temperature for humans is about 37.0C. However, differences in persons and even the time of day can cause it to be as much as 6C higher or lower in healthy individuals. It is also normal for core body temperature to be lower in elderly people. Hypothermia begins to occur when the core body temperature drops to 34.4C. Below 29.4C, the body cools more rapidly because its natural temperature regulating system usually fails. The rapid decline in core body temperature is likely to result in death. However, there have been rare cases in which people have been saved after their temperatures had dropped to 13.915.6C. This happened in 1999 to a Swedish woman who was trapped under an ice sheet in freezing water for 80 minutes. She was found unconscious, not breathing, and her heart had stopped beating, yet she was eventually saved despite the fact that her temperature had dropped to 13.7C.In extremely hot climates or as a result of uncontrollable infections, co