2019届高考英语二轮专题--副词和形容词（附解析）+关于超越的作文：发展超越的秘诀

2019 届高考英语二轮专题-副词和形容词（附解析）+关于超越的作文：发展超越的秘诀形容词是英语中较为复杂的一种词类，涉及的面比较广。同时形容词的形式变化灵活，如有原级、比较级和最高级等，而且用法比较复杂。备考 2019 年高考，应注意以下几点：形容词的辨析，形容词的原级、比较级和最高级，以及一些特别重要的固定句型结构，同时要注意多个形容词修饰名词时的排列顺序等。高考中对于副词的考查不是单纯地进行语法要点的考查，而是要通过具体的语境来进行分析和判断。2019 年高考对于副词的考查主要会出现在：副词的近义词的辨析；关于副词的原级、比较级和最高级的句型；同根不同形的副词；常考副词的辨析；比较级前的修饰语等。形容词和副词主要以单项填空、语法填空、短文改错形式进行考查，考查的主要形式是形容词和副词之间的相互转化。考点 1 形容词、副词的比较等级1.形容词或副词的 as.as 结构两者相比，当 A=B 时，用“as+adj/adv.原级+as”来表示。如：Jack runs as fast as Tom.杰克和汤姆跑得一样快。双方相比，当 AB，或指 A 的程度较低时，用“not as/so+adj. /adv.原级+as”表示。如：He does not work as/so hard as his sister.他不如他妹妹学习努力。2.形容词或副词的比较级+than当双方比较，AB 时，用“比较级+than”结构。当 A 不及 B 的程度时，用“less+adj. /adv.原级+than”的结构。如：Blood is thicker than water. 血浓于水。Health is better than wealth. 健康胜过财富。3表示双方相比，一方超过另一方，并强调超出的程度和数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如：even，much，very much，still，any，a lot，a bit，a little，far，yet，by far，a great deal，twice，three times，rather，slightly等，而 very，quite，so，fairly 等词不可修饰形容词或副词的比较级如：A car runs a great deal faster than a truck小汽车比卡车快得多。4“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构表示“越越”The more tickets you sell，the more money you will get你卖的票越多，你得到的钱就会越多。5比较级表示最高级含义(1)比较级+than any other+可数名词单数。如：The Changjiang River is longer than any other river in China在中国，长江比其他任何一条河流都长。比较级+than all(the)other+可数名词复数。如:China is larger than all the other Asian countries.中国比亚洲的其他国家都大。(3)no/never/nothing.+比较级。如：Nothing is more valuable than time.时间比任何东西都珍贵。【典例】It may not be a great suggestion. But before _ is put forward, well make do with it.Aa good one Ba better oneCthe best one Da best one【答案】B【解题思路】句意：它或许不是一个好建议，但在更好的建议被提出之前，我们先凑合一下。此处暗含比较，表示“一条更好的建议”，是泛指，故选 B。考点 2 形容词作定语时的位置1通常置于所修饰的词之前，但不定代词的定语通常在后面。如：Someone strange is asking to see you.Something unexpected happened and we had to make some changes to our plan.2else 常放在不定代词和疑问代词后面作定语。如：No one else can answer the question.3多个形容词作定语时的词序为：大小、长短、高低形状/年龄、新旧颜色/来源、国籍、地区、出处/材料/用途。如：an expensive Japanese sports car, those three beautiful large square old brown wood table.考点 3 形容词、副词的辨析1形容词主要用来修饰名词，也可修饰 something，nothing等不定代词，在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语。作状语时表示伴随、原因等，或是对主语进行解释，可以看成是“being+形容词”，位于句首、句中或句尾，表示伴随时通常用逗号与其他成分隔开He lay in bed，wide awake他躺在床上，完全清醒。He went to bed，cold and hungry他上床睡觉，又冷又饿。2副词主要用作状语，修饰动词、形容词、从句或整个句子。修饰整个句子时，可置于句首、句中或句尾Fortunately，he escaped from the fire他幸运地从大火中逃了出来。3.有些副词有两种形式，其中一种形式与形容词形式相同，另一种是在形容词后加 ly。这两种形式的副词在意义上有所不同:不带 ly 的副词往往表示的是具体概念，也就是词的本义；加 ly的往往表示抽象概念(也就是词的引申义 close 接近(指距离)closely 仔细地，密切地; free 免费 freely 自由地，自如地；deep 深的；deeply 深刻地，深入地；wide 充分（张开）的，宽阔的 widely 广泛地；high 高的 highly 高度地，非常；late 迟，晚 lately 最近，近来；near 邻近的 nearly 几乎；most 最mostly 主要地。如：He jumped that high in the sports meeting in our school and is highly thought of by his classmates.他在我们学校运动会上跳得那么高，贏得了同学们的高度赞扬。【典例】The Forbidden City attracts a _ stream of visitors every day, especially during national holidays.Aconstant BmainCpowerful Dshallow【答案】A【解题思路】句意：紫禁城每天都吸引着络绎不绝的游客，特别是在国庆节期间。A constant stream of visitors 表示“络绎不绝的游客”。Constant“持续不断的”，符合句意。Main“主要的”；powerful“强有力的”；shallow“浅的”。考点 4 倍数表达法1A is倍数比较级thanB2A is倍数as原级asB3A is倍数the名词(size，length，height 等)ofB4the名词(size，length，height 等)of A is倍数thatofB5A is倍数what 引导的名词性从句如：长江是珠江的三倍长。(一句多译)The Yangtze River is twice longer than the Pearl River.The Yangtze River is three times as long as the Pearl River.The Yangtze River is three times the length of the Pearl River.The length of the Yangtze River is three times that of the Pearl River.【典例】This restaurant wasnt _ that other restaurant we went to.Ahalf as good as Bas half good asCas good as half Dgood as half as【答案】A【解题思路】句意：这家餐馆还没有我们去过的其他餐馆的一半好呢。本题为倍数表达法之一：倍数asadj.原级as比较成分。一、语法填空1.【2018全国 I】According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years _(long) than non-runners.【答案】 longer【解题思路】考察副词的比较级。医学报告显示，经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活 3 年，根据题目中的 than 可知此时应用到比较级。故填 longer。2.【2018全国 II】A taste for meat is _ (actual) behind the change。【答案】 actually【解题思路】考查副词。句意：对肉的需求实际上是这种变化的背后原因。句子结构完整，用副词修饰句子。故填actually。3.【2018全国 III】_(loud)of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me.【答案】 loudest【解题思路】考察最高级。根据后面的 of all 可知，他的声音最大，所以用最高级 loudest。4.【2018浙江】There could be an even _ (high) cost on your health.【答案】 higher【解题思路】考查形容词比较级。此处修饰名词 cost 用形容词，由 even 表示程度修饰比较级，故填 higher。5.【2017全国卷 I】Even _ (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.【答案】worse【解题思路】考查比较级。更糟糕的是，人们所吃的快餐的数量增加了。故填 worse。6.【2017全国卷 I】However, be _ (care) not to go to extremes.【答案】 careful【解题思路】考查形容词。分析语境可知 be 后面应该用形容词作表语，故填 careful。7.【2017全国卷 II】Steam engines _ (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been _ (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.【答案】 were used; fairly【解题思路】考查动词语态。蒸汽机(注意复数名词形式)被用来作为火车动力。考查副词。副词修饰形容词。8.【2017全国卷 II】The Central London Railway was one of the most _ (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had whitepainted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.【答案】 successful【解题思路】考查形容词。形容词与定冠词连用，相当于名词，由于该词后有介词 of 结构，故只能用形容词。9.【2017全国卷 III】It is _ (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I dont want to have nothing else to fall back on when I cant model any more.”【答案】 certainly【解题思路】考查副词。certainly 在此处修饰形容词 fun。10.【2017浙江卷 6 月考】But something made her look closer, and she noticed a _ (shine) object. Yes, there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her longlost wedding ring.【答案】 shiny/shining【解题思路】考查形容词。此处根据下文的 object 可知，需用形容词作定语，故填 shiny 或 shining。11.【2017浙江卷 6 月考】Sixteen years _ (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring _ (cook) a meal.【答案】earlier; to cook【解题思路】考查比较级。此处语意表示“16 年前”，故填 earlier。考查不定式。此处不定式表示目的。语境为“取下戒指来做饭”，故填 to cook。12.【2016全国新课标 I】The title will be _(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.【答案】 officially【解题思路】考查副词。修饰动词用副词形式。13.【2016全国新课标 III】Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which (gradual) turned into chopsticks.【答案】 gradually【解题思路】考查副词。副词修饰动词或形容词，这里修饰动词短语“turned into”，应该用副词，故填 gradually。14.【2016上海】Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under, the _(good) your performance will be.【答案】 better【解题思路】考查固定句式“the+比较级.， the+比较级”意为“越就越.”。本句句意：就某种程度而言，你承受的压力越大，你的表现就会越好。所以本空使用 good 的比较级形式 better.15.【2016四川】Chinese scientists (recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby.She was a very (care)mother.【答案】recently; caring/careful【解题思路】副词修饰动词，故填 recently。此处是现在分词或形容词作定语，放在名词前面，故填caring/careful。二、句子改错1.【2018全国 I】I felt happily that their life had improved.【答案】happily 改成 happy【解题思路】考查形容词作表语。他们的生活有了很大提高，我感到很高兴。此处形容词作表语，故将 happily 改成 happy。2.【2018全国 III】I was afraid that to speak in front of a larger group of people.【答案】larger 改为 large【解题思路】考察形容词。句意：我不敢在一大群人面前说话。这里没有比较的意思，故把 larger 改为 large。3.【2018全国 III】Immediate, I raised my hand.【答案】immediate 改为 immediately。【解题思路】考查副词。此处要用副词在句中做状语修饰整个句子，故把 immediate 改为 immediately。4.【2017全国卷 I】A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road.（共有 2处错误）【答案】 late 改为 later; suddenly 改为 sudden【解题思路】考查副词。作形容词的时候，later 是 late 的比较级，如：Their deadline is quite late. Ours is even later. 他们的截止日期很迟，我们的更迟。作副词的时候，late 意为“迟”；later 意为“稍后，随后”。句意：几分钟之后。故将late 改为 later。考查形容词。“我”紧急刹车。suddenly 是副词，表示“意外地，忽然地”。 sudden 为形容词，表示“突然的，迅速的”，修饰名词 stop。a sudden stop 表示“急刹车”。故将suddenly 改为 sudden。5.【2017全国卷 II】 In their spare time，they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden，that is on the rooftop of their house. They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together.（共有 3 处错误）【答案】 interesting 改为 interested; that 改为which;earlier 改为 early【解题思路】考查形容词用法。他们对种菜感兴趣;考查定语从句。该处前有逗号，后句为非限制性定语从句，故用 which;考查副词的用法。此处无比较对象，用原级表示“起得早”。6.【2017全国卷 III】I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes，playing pop music，and collecting the late music albums.（共有 2 处错误）【答案】 difference different; late latest【解题思路】考查词形转换。修饰名词“kinds”用形容词;考查形容词最高级。根据句意“收集最新的唱片”可知需要用最高级。7.【2016全国新课标 I】Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steady.【答案】 stead steadily【解题思路】考查副词。根据句意可知此处 grow 是实意动词，意思是 “增长”，不是系动词，故用副词修饰。8.【2016四川】The dishes what I cooked were Moms favoritiest.【答案】 favoritest favorite【解题思路】 “favorite”本身就是“最喜欢”，故把favoritest 改为 favorite。语法填空【2018 届辽宁省六校协作体高三上学期期中考试】In recent years, learning Chinese _41_ (become) popular among people around the world. Last month, I received an email from my cousin Jack in Canada. He said he was enthusiastic_42_Chinese, and asked me to find him some books_43_(intend) for Chinese beginners. I was very pleased to do_44_ a favor. So I went from one bookstore to_45_, hoping to find something suitable for him. _46_（final） I selected a set of Chinese textbooks among _47_(vary) similar ones. Then I went to a post office to have them delivered by air without delay. Several days later, I received Jacks email,_48_(say) that he really appreciated the books I had sent. Im very glad that Jack is beginning to learn Chinese just like many other _49_(foreign) abroad, _50_I know it may be an enjoyable challenge for him.【语篇解析】本文为记叙文。近年来，学习汉语成了全世界上很流行的事情。上个月，我远在加拿大的表弟写信让我给买汉语书籍，打算开始学汉语。我转了好多家书店才找到，然后给他寄了过去。尽管我知道那可能对他来说是一个挑战，但我真的很高兴他开始和其他外国人一样学汉语了。41.【答案】 has become【解题思路】考查动词。根据前面时间状语 in recent years判断句子应该用现在完成时，动名词作主语，根据主谓一致的原则，填 has become。42.【答案】 about/over【解题思路】句意：他说他对汉语充满热情。可知答案为about/over。43. 【答案】 intended【解题思路】考查非谓语动词。从结构可知此处是形容词短语做后置定语修饰名词 books，be intended for“为.设计的，或者打算的”，填形容词 intended。44. 【答案】him【解题思路】句意：我很高兴帮助他。do sb. a favor 给某人以恩惠，帮助某人。可知答案为 him。45.【答案】another【解题思路】考查不定代词。固定短语：from one to another “从一个.到另一个”，填 another。句意：于是我从一家书店到另一家书店。46.【答案】 Finally【解题思路】考查副词。根据上文内容可知作者一家书店挨一家书店地去找书，所以此处表示终于、最终的意思，填Finally。47. 【答案】various【解题思路】句意：在各种各样的相似的汉语课本中。形容词修饰名词，答案为 various。48.【答案】saying【解题思路】考查非谓语动词。从结构分析此处是分词做状语，表示伴随情况。动词 say 和主语 I 之间是主动关系，应该用现在分词，填 saying。49.【答案】foreigners 【解题思路】句意：像很多其他的外国人一样。用名词复数形式，答案为 foreigners。50. 【答案】but【解题思路】考查并列连词。根据句意可知前后句内容是转折关系。句意：尽管我知道那可能对他来说是一个挑战，但我真的很高兴他开始和其他外国人一样学汉语了。可知答案为 but。一、语法填空【山东省莱芜市 2018 届高三上学期期中考试】A motto is a sentence or a phrase which can inspire us especially when we are _61_ (face) with difficulties. Many of us use well-know _62_ (say) as mottos, such as “Where there is a will, there is a way.” Or “nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.”, and so on. My motto is “God helps those who help_63_”. Sometimes I am lazy _64_ dont want to make efforts to work hard, but the moment I think of my motto I will get_65_(energy) again and devote myself to what I am doing. I write my motto _66_ I can see it easily. Every time I fail in my exam and begin to lose heart, the sight of my motto inspires me _67_ much confidence. My motto also makes me become an _68_ (dependent) person. That is to say, I wont rely on others _69_ (easy). My friends, what is your motto? If you still havent got a motto, please choose _60_ because a motto can have a great effect on you.【语篇解析】本文为记叙文，主要讲了座右铭对作者的影响，并且作者建议没有座右铭的朋友们也要选择一个座右铭来激励自己学习和生活。61.【答案】faced【解题思路】考查固定短语。 be faced with 面对，是固定短语，所以填 faced。62. 【答案】sayings【解题思路】考查名词。我们中的许多人都用众所周知的谚语作为座右铭。作句子宾语用名词，且“众所周知的谚语”是复数意义，所以这里应该使用名词复数，填 sayings。63. 【答案】themselves【解题思路】考查谚语。“God helps those who help themselves.” 自助者，天必助之，是一句谚语，所以填themselves。64. 【答案】and【解题思路】考查连词。有时候我懒惰了，并且不想努力学习了。“懒惰了”与“不想努力学习了” 之间是并列关系，填and。65. 【答案】energetic【解题思路】考查固定结构。get+形容词(get 是连系动词)，所以填 energetic。66. 【答案】where【解题思路】考查地点状语从句。我将座右铭写在我很容易看见的地方。所以填 where。67. 【答案】with【解题思路】考查固定短语。with much confidence 很有信心, 是固定短语，所以填 with。68. 【答案】independent【解题思路】考查形容词。我的座右铭使我成为了一个独立的人。修饰名词，用形容词，所以填 independent。69. 【答案】easily【解题思路】考查副词。修饰动词短语 rely on，用副词，所以填 easily。70. 【答案】one【解题思路】考查语义理解。如果你还没有座右铭，请选择一个。所以填 one。二、短文改错Square dancing has been more and more popular with the elderly as their living conditions improve. Most peoplethought it can help people take regularly exercise and strengthen their fitness. Besides, it provides people more chancesto take activity outdoors. However, some people argue that the music is very noisy, that disturbs the surrounding citizensnormal life. Also, be exposed to such loud noise may do a harm to their health in the long run.In my opinion, square dancing is a good form of exercise, so dancers should take our neighbors needs intoconsideration. If they choose a right time and turn down the music, it will cause fewer trouble for others.【答案】51. thought think 52. regularly regular 53. 第三句 people 后加 with 54. activity activities 55. 第四句第二个 that which56. 第五句 be being 57. harm 前去掉 a 58. so but 59.our their 60. few less【解题思路】本文为说明文，讲述了广场舞的优缺点，并且针对缺点提出自己的建议。51.时态用法错误。根据全文可知，这里用一般现在时。句意：大多数人认为它能够帮助人们有规律的锻炼。故将 thought 改为 think。52.词性用法错误。形容词修饰名词 exercise。句意：大多数人认为它能够帮助人们有规律的锻炼。故将 regularly 改为regular。53. 动词用法错误。动词 provide 用法为 provide sb. with sth.。句意：此外，它为人们提供了更多户外活动的机会。故在 people 后加 with。54.名词用法错误。名词 activity 为可数名词，故需要用复数形式。句意：它为人们提供了更多户外活动的机会。故将activity 改为 activities。55.定语从句用法错误。这里是一个非限定性定语从句，后只能用 which 引导。句意：有些人认为，音乐很吵，扰乱周围居民正常生活。故将 that 改为 which。56.非谓语动词用法错误。动名词作主语。句意：长时间接触这样大的噪音会对他们的健康有害。故将 be 改为 being。57.短语用法错误。短语 do harm to 对有害。句意：在我看来，广场舞是一种很好的运动方式。故 harm 前去掉 a。58. 连词用法错误。根据前后句之间关系，这里为转折关系。句意：但是，跳舞的人应该考虑到他们邻居的需求。故将 so 改为 but。59.代词用法错误。这里指跳广场舞人的邻居，故用第三人称。句意：但是，跳舞的人应该考虑到他们邻居的需求。故将 our改为 their。60.形容词用法错误。因为名词 trouble 是不可数名词，故用less 修饰。句意：这会给别人带来更少的麻烦。故将 few 改为less。关于超越的作文：发展超越的秘诀比亚迪公司顺应时代需求，积极自主研发充电电池。凭借坚实的自主研发技术，而后辗转新能源汽车、国家战略性新兴产业。以过人的眼界与优秀的自主创新成为中国的龙头企业。由此可见，寻求发展与超越的秘诀就是在于以自主创新为基，不断望向未来。那么，为何说发展的基础是自主创新呢？因为自主创新是一个企业最强有力的底牌。经济学家德鲁克曾说：“当你做到世间的独一无二，你便不会被打败。”的确，依据现实不断创新技术，完全自主研发，使得我们不再追随世界的巨流，而是在引领世界的巨浪。踏在浪尖上的我们无惧任何挑战。特斯拉公司花费十年自主研发领先世界的汽车电池技术，使其成为电动汽车界的巨头，而向我们的比亚迪这样的民族品牌，走出了一条不亚于他们，且能超越他们的道路。百度公司不甘止步于中国，投入全部精力用于研发改进搜索引擎技术，使其成为亚洲最大的搜索引擎公司；创客印奇努力钻研人脸识别技术，使得旷视公司成为世界上智能科技领域的独角兽他们不畏惧自主创新的艰难，也不急躁于自主创新的漫长，他们坚守自主创新是企业发展的根本这一准则，才使得企业大获成功！如今众人将“变化”挂在嘴边，因为时代发展迅速，“日新月异”一词最为恰当。于是有很多人畏惧变化，研究如何跟上时代的变化。然而，当我们拥有过人的眼界，我们便不是“变化的跟随者”，而是“变化的制造者”。眼界使我们超脱于变化之外，使我们快速发展。正所谓“站在风口上，一只猪都可以飞。”宽广的眼界让我们得知时代需求什么，我们便可以先他人一步，站在风口之上。更何况我们并不是一直茫然的猪，而是掌握自主创新技术的智者，我们便可以如同鲲鹏一样“水击三千里，抟扶摇而上者九万里”，震惊世界！然而，过人的眼界与自主创新都需要我们懂得勇于归零。眼界不是一时的，而是在变化中永远看得比别人更远，创新不能只是一次，我们要追求在每一场博弈中我们都要做全新的自己。当我们为一次成功而沾沾自喜之时，我们便看不清时代的变化，眼前被骄傲充斥，手下生出了浮躁，怎么可能会有眼界与创新呢？正如同南隐禅师所说：“此空为彼满。”放下如今的成就是为了更深层次的“拥有”，唯有如此，我们才能恒久立足于世，而不被超越，不被打败。手握核心技术，眼看扑朔迷离的未来，脚踏时代的浪尖，心怀谦逊与自信，方可使我们立于世，成于世，超越时代，超越自我。