高考英语专题限时集训-词义猜测之句子的含义和代词的指代对象+高三作文：霸座无理须严惩

高考英语专题限时集训-词义猜测之句子的含义和代词的指代对象+高三作文：霸座无理须严惩专题限时集训(十一) 词义猜测之句子的含义和代词的指代对象(对应学生用书第 111 页)A(2017x 建省普通高中毕业班质量检查)After four silent years，the 27 yearold British singer Adele Adkins has finally introduced herself to the world again with Hello，the opening song from her third album 25，which will come out on Nov.20.Although Adele is a very successful singer now，music wasnt always what she saw herself doingAt age 10，when she saw her grandmothers pain over the death of Adeles grandfather，she pictured herself as a heart surgeon.“I wanted to fix peoples hearts.”she told the UK music website iD，remembering the childhood interest shed had in biology classes until she found out that her real talent was for singing.Adele didnt go to medical school，but many would agree that she still has healing(治愈)powers.“Her songs find the kind of memory every listener holds somewhere in their heart. This kind of feeling is what people have always liked in Adele，”said The Telegraph.“She writes a pop diary，sharing the simple secrets of her heart.”Most successful pop stars make albums at a fast pace，but not Adele.After her second album 21 won the 2012 Grammy Award for Album of the Year，she made it clear with her label that she would spend“four or five years”making her next album.She told Vogue magazine，“I wont come out with new music until its better than 21.”Instead of seeking fame，Adele remained silent and moved to the countryside.In her free time，she loved to watch TV series Teen Mom，American Horror Story，and The Walking Dead.Living life as normally as possible is important to the singers art.“Nobody wants to listen to a record from someone whos not living in the real world，”Adele told iD.“So I live a lowkey life for my fans.” 【语篇解读】 本文主要讲述了英国著名歌手阿黛尔在音乐上成功的秘密。1What does the text mainly tell us?AThe popularity of Adeles album 25.BThe healing powers of Adeles music.CThe secrets of Adeles success in music.DThe reason for Adeles becoming a singer.C 考查主旨大意。通读全文，尤其是最后三段可推知，本文主要讲述了阿黛尔在音乐上成功的秘密，故选 C。2What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 probably mean?AAdele wasnt interested in music.BAdele wasnt good at music at first.CMusic wasnt very important in Adeles life.DMusic wasnt all Adele wanted to be devoted to.D 考查句意猜测。根据第二段第二句“At age 10，when she saw her grandmothers pain over the death of Adeles grandfather，she pictured herself as a heart surgeon.”可推知，10 岁时，当阿黛尔看到祖父的去世给祖母带来的伤痛时，她想成为一名外科医生，减轻别人的痛苦。故 D 项正确。3Why doesnt Adele want to make albums at a fast pace?ATo live a low key life.BTo win the Grammy Award.CTo guarantee the quality of her music.DTo share the secrets of her heart as a musician.C 考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“She told Vogue magazine，I wont come out with new music until its better than 21.”，并结合最后两段的整体内容可推知，阿黛尔放慢做音乐的速度是为了追求高质量的音乐，故选 C。4What can we know about Adele?AHer album Hello will come out on Nov.20.BShe has kept a diary since childhood.CShe moved to the countryside before 2012.DHer works are based on real life.D 考查细节理解。根据最后一段最后两句“Nobody wants to listen to a record from someone whos not living in the real world，Adele told i D.So I live a lowkey life for my fans.”可知，阿黛尔的音乐作品基于真实的生活。B 【导学号：52384055】(2017x 徽师大附中模拟)Happiness is a journeyWe always convince ourselves that life will be better after we get married，have a baby and another.Then we are frustrated that the kids arent old enough and well be more content when they are.After that were frustrated that we have teenagers to deal with.We will certainly be happy when they are out of that stage.We always tell ourselves that our life will be complete when our spouse(配偶)gets his or her act together，when we get a nice car，and are able to go on a nice vacation when we retire.The truth is theres no better time than right now.If not now，when？Our life will always be filled with challenges.Its best to admit this to ourselves and decide to be happy anyway.One of my favorite quotes comes from Alfred DSouza.He said，“For a long time it had seemed to me that life was about to begin a real life.But there were always some obstacles in the way，something to be gotten through first，some unfinished business，time still to be served，a debt to be paid.Then life would begin.At last it dawned on me that these obstacles were my life.”This perspective has helped me to see that there is no way to happiness.Happiness is the way.So treasure every moment that you have.And remember that time waits for no one.So stop waiting until you finish school；until you go back to school；until you get married；until you get divorced；until you have kids；until you retire；until you get a new car or home；until spring；until you are born again to decide that there is no better time than right now to be happy.Happiness is a journey，not a destination.So，work like you dont need money，love like youve never been hurt，and dance like no ones watching.【语篇解读】 我们的生活充满挑战，挑战就是我们的生活，因此，珍惜每一刻，停止等待。享受幸福不需要等到将来，而是要把握现在。幸福是旅程，不是终点。5Why does the author use Alfred DSouzas quote in the third paragraph?ATo support his viewpoint.BTo introduce one more topic.CTo enrich the content of the article.DTo compare their different views on happiness.A 考查推理判断。根据第四段可知，Alfred DSouza 的观点帮助作者明白了没有通往幸福的路，幸福本身就是这条路，因此珍惜你拥有的每一刻。这也是作者通过本文想要表达的观点。由此推断作者引用 Alfred DSouza 的话是为了支持自己的观点。故选 A。6What does the underlined word“this” in the second paragraph probably refer to?ALife will be better after we get married，have a baby and another.BOur life will be whole when our spouse gets his or her act together.CWhen we retire，we can have a nice holiday.DWe are in a world full of challenges.D 考查代词指代。根据前一句可知，我们的生活总是充满挑战。画线词所在句的意思是：最好是让自己接受这一事实，无论如何都要快乐。因此画线词 this 指上文中提到的“我们的生活充满挑战”。故选 D。7What is the main idea of the second paragraph?AOnly when we get whatever we want can we feel our life is complete.BWhatever happens in our life，we should live in the present.CWe shouldnt enjoy happiness at present but in the future.DWe cannot enjoy happiness now because we are facing many challenges.B 考查段落大意。第二段讲述我们总是等待幸福，而事实的真相是，没有任何时刻比现在更宝贵。生活充满挑战，最好是让自己接受这一事实，无论如何都要快乐。因此推断本段主要讲述无论发生了什么，我们都应该活在当下。故选 B。8Which of the following is the best title of the text?AOwning the present is owning the futureBPursuing happiness is nature of us humansCHappiness is a journey，not a destinationDHow to possess real happinessC 考查标题归纳。通读全文可知，文章最后一段的第一句“Happiness is a journey，not a destination.”对全文做了总结，生活充满挑战，因此要珍惜每一刻，享受幸福，幸福是旅程，不是终点。故选 C。C 【导学号：52384056】(2017x 南省 11 校跨区调研考试)Spider(蜘蛛) webs have something in common with guitar strings.The long，thin strings on a guitar can vibrate (振动)They move back and forth，or from side to side.So do webs made by spiders.The lines of silk they produce can carry vibrations.This movement gives the small creature information about what landed on the web.Spiders have eight legs and usually eight eyes.The animals build webs with their own soft，naturally made silk.And much like playing the strings of a guitar，a spider can send out vibrations across its web over many different frequencies(频率)Spiders catch their food，usually insects in their webs.They make small movements，which spread across their webs.The vibrations can give the spider details about what is caught in the webmaybe a possible mate，or something tasty to eat.Vibrations are not just used to spot what is for dinner.They are also important in courtship(求爱)，so lots of males will actually create a very specific kind of musical pattern which the females can use to determine not only that theyre a male，but theyre the right species，and whether they might want to mate with them as well.Spiders make their own vibrations to find out the condition of the webs.By controlling the tightness of the material，they can effectively control how information is getting to them when they hang out in the middle of the web.Spiders have a special ability to shape the physical nature of their selfmade materials and creations.Scientists think that spider silk may have changed over time for this purpose.【语篇解读】 本文介绍了蜘蛛吐出的蛛丝可以传播不同频率的振动，这些振动让它们知道什么东西落在了蜘蛛网上并且这些振动在求爱中也非常重要。9How does a spider feel that an insect is caught in the web?AThrough its sense of sight.BThrough vibrations of its web.CThrough different frequencies.DThrough a musical pattern.B 考查细节理解。根据第二段的“The vibrations can give the spider details about what is caught in the web”可知，蜘蛛可以通过蛛网的振动知道有东西落到蛛网上了。故选B 项。10What does the underlined word “They” in Paragraph 2 probably refer to?AInsects. BStrings.CSpiders. DVibrations.A 考查代词指代。根据第二段的“Spiders catch their food，usually insects in their webs.They make small movements，which spread across their webs.”可知，蜘蛛在它们的蛛网上捕食，一般捕到的都是昆虫。它们制造出传遍整张蛛网的小振动。所以 They 指代的是昆虫。11Which of the following statements is TRUE?ASilk produces vibrations as the strings of a guitar do.BFemale spiders make special sounds to attract a partner.CHunting will be hard for spiders if the silk is loose.DThe tightness of silk cant be adjusted once its made.C 考查细节理解。根据第四段的“By controlling the tightness of the material，they can effectively control how information is getting to them”可知，蛛网的松紧度对蜘蛛捕猎至关重要，故选 C 项。干扰项分析 根据第一段的第一句“Spider(蜘蛛)webs have something in common with guitar strings.”可知，蛛网和吉他弦有一些共同之处，故排除 A。根据第三段的“so lots of males will actually. theyre a male”可排除 B。根据第四段的“By controlling the tightness of the material.in the middle of the web.”可知，蜘蛛可以控制蛛网的松紧度，它们可以有效地调整蛛网的属性，故可排除 D 项。12The text mainly tells readers Aguitars and spider webs are similarBspider webs have various functionsCspiders are skillful in hunting insectsDvibrations are vital in a spiders lifeD 考查主旨大意。根据整篇文章的叙述，尤其是“The vibrations can give the spider details about what is caught in the webmaybe a possible mate，or something tasty to eat.”可知，D 项正确。高三作文：霸座无理须严惩近日，我国某些地区发生多起“霸座”事件，霸占者不仅对其座位的主人的劝阻充耳不闻，甚至有的大打出手。对此类霸座者的无理，理应严惩。总所周知，我国经济增长如今已是令许多国家惊叹的。但随着国家交通的发展，飞机早已不是像以前那样是有钱人的象征了，特别是我国高铁的发展。与此同时，乘客的个人素养问题却令人苦恼。就如列车上，持无座票强占他人座位抓伤劝阻乘客的某大妈，更有“强词夺理”的周姓女乘客、甚至是“霸座大爷”。我们知道，并且是从小就知道，买什么票就坐什么位置，就如同在买菜时，买了什么菜，便能做什么菜。可是那些霸占他人座位的乘客，就一点不懂得吗？一遍坐着强占来的座位，一边振振有词，自以为有理地与乘客与乘务人员“据理力争”，不就是觉得就算霸占他人位置也不会受到惩罚吗？在当今仅靠舆论来维护合法权益是远远不够的，我们需要相关法律来支持，而不是在劝阻霸座者无果的情况下，任其继续下去。对“霸座”行为制定相关法律，严惩其不良行为，事关社会和谐与稳定，我们迫切需要相关法律维护自身权利。说到底，其实不管是哪一霸座事件，从中，我们都能见微知著。反映了个别公民的素质缺失缺乏规则意识的问题。中国经济快速发展，却还存在许多问题，有关此类的比如杭州西湖旁石头上刻字的平文涛，毁坏丹霞地貌发博直播的某男要从根本上解决此类问题，离不开道德文化建设，离不开法律的帮助。然，“冰冻三尺，非一日之寒”。要在全社会建立营造良好风气，需持之以恒，但目前能快速见效的方法，莫过于法律。随着霸座者的出现，事件被更多地关注，国家对此开始做出相应措施：禁止霸座者一定时间内购车票乘坐列车；对其进行罚款；列入黑名单公布到网上相信在不久的将来，该类“霸座”事件会大大减少甚至消失。无理的“霸座者”受到严罚，还须完善相关法律法规。也因此，让我们的祖国越来越美丽，越来越强大！