2019届高考英语二轮专题--介词（有解析）+关于空间的作文：自主+转向+取舍=空间

2019 届高考英语二轮专题-介词（有解析）+关于空间的作文：自主+转向+取舍=空间介词是英语中比较活跃的词，它与名词、形容词、副词和动词等构成搭配时用法灵活，意义丰富。搭配比较活跃的介词主要有 in, out, up, down, on, off, to, from, for, over, with 等。2019 年高考介词的考查仍然会以介词的固定短语和介词辨析为主。在学习介词时，应重点掌握介词的基本用法，同时注意总结其与名词、形容词、副词、动词等搭配构成的短语的意思和用法。介词在英语中比较活跃，然而在高考中直接考查介词的题不是很多，但是介词却是考生最容易犯错误的语法项目之一。在高考考查中主要是对常用介词的辨析和对介词短语搭配的考查。考点 1 常见介词的活用by, with, against, over, on, in, at, besides, for 等是常考的介词。掌握这些介词的用法和意义，准确把握句子语境是解题的关键。下面是近年高考考查最多的几个介词，应重点掌握：1. over 可表位置，意为“在上方；越过；遮住，盖住”，也可表时间，意为“在期间；（多年）以来”等，它还有“在（问题）上；对（某事）”等引申意义。如：You cant wear a blue jacket over that shirt Itll look terrible你不能在那件衬衣外面再穿上蓝色的夹克 太难看了。We had a pleasant chat over a cup of tea我们一边喝茶一边愉快地交谈。We heard it over the radio我们从广播中听到了它。2.by 的主要意思有“在旁，靠近；乘(车、船等)；不迟于；到为止；被，由；根据，按照(关系)；通过方式”等，还可以用来表示增加或减少的程度。by 构成的常见短语有：by and by 不久，迟早 by and large 大体上by oneself 单独 by the way 顺便说说by far 到目前为止，最 by chance 碰巧by accident 偶然地 by means of 借助by no means 绝不，一点也不 by mistake 错误地The water in the river rose by two meters河水上涨了两米。He is an Englishman by birth他在血统上是英国人。3.with 可以用来表示“带有，拥有；随着；就来说；用，以；和，与；对于，关于“等意思。with 还可用来表示原因。如：He turned red with anger.他气得脸变红了。The problem with looking into space from the earth is that there is a lot of dust in the earths air.从地球上观察太空存在一个问题，就是地球的大气中有大量的尘埃。4beyond 表示“(时间)过了，比晚，迟于；(位置)在那边，超出之外；(范围) 超过，为所不及，超出的范围”等意思。如：They arrived beyond nine oclock他们过了 9：00 才到。The book is beyond me这本书我看不懂。Tom is far beyond his elder brother in maths汤姆的数学比他哥哥的好多了。【典例】Annie said she enjoyed the moment most that every morning she waked towards the classroom, she could see me standing outside the front door _ a smile on my face.【答案】with【解析】考查介词用法。句子意思：安妮说她喜欢那一时刻，每天早上当她走进教室，她可以看到我站在前门，脸上带着微笑。with a smile on my face “脸上带着笑”，做状语。考点 2 介词的固定搭配高考主要考查学生对固定短语的掌握程度、对短语意义的了解以及介词在这些固定搭配中的应用。1名词词组：on the contrary 相反；in turn 依次；in ones opinion 根据某人的看法；on time 准时；out of reach 够不着2动词词组：remind sb of sth 提醒某人某事；r ob sb of sth 抢劫某人的；result from 由引起；call at 访问(某地)3形容词词组：be curious about 对好奇；be proud of 因而自豪；be popular with 受到的欢迎4介词短语：apart from 除以外；in addition to除之外(还)；because of 因为；instead of 代替；in fear of 为提心吊胆；for fear of 以免；in case of 万一；thanks to 由于；in the middle of 在中间；according to 根据；in front of 在前面；in return for 作为对的回报；in charge of 负责；as a result of 作为的结果；in exchange for 与交换等【典例】Next time you are to come for dinner, dont forget to inform me _ advance so that I can make preparations.【答案】in【解析】考查介词用法。句子意思：下次你来吃饭的时候，不要忘了提前告知我，以便我做好准备。in advance“提前”。一、语法填空1.【2018全国 III】I was searching _ these three western lowland gorillas Id been observing.【答案】for【解题思路】考查介词，根据固定搭配 search for，表示“寻找”，本句句意为：我在寻找我研究的三只西部低地大猩猩，故答案填 for。2.【2018浙江】If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mums homedinner, get a few cooking tips from her.【答案】for【解题思路】考查介词的固定搭配。go to sp for dinner 去某处吃饭，故答案为 for。3.【2017全国卷】This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) _ a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thing the medical community was trying to fight.【答案】as【解题思路】考查介词。这个做法最初是医学界作为一种对抗心脏病的形式开始的。as 表示“作为”，故填 as。4.【2017全国卷】It ran for just under seven kilometres and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and _ work.【答案】from【解题思路】考查介词。与前面的介词 to 一起来表示上下班(to and from work)。5.【2017全国卷】After school she plans to take a year off to model fulltime before going to university to get a degree _ engineering or architecture.【答案】in【解题思路】考查介词。get a degree in 是固定搭配，意为“在方面获得学位”。二、短文改错6.【2018全国 I】At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, and he agreed.【答案】删除 for 【解题思路】考查介词的用法。时间名词有every，each，last 等词修饰时，其前不用介词。故删除for。7.【2018全国 II】Still I was unwilling to play the games for them sometimes.【答案】for 改为 with【解题思路】考查介词。play the games with sb.表示“和某人一块玩游戏”，故把 for 改为 with。8.【2017全国卷】It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on the road.【答案】on 改为 of【解题思路】考查介词。分析语境可知作者表示“在路中间急刹车”。on the road 表示“在路上”， the middle of the road 表示“路的中央”，强调的是“the middle”。故将 on 改为 of。9.【2017全国卷】They have also bought for some gardening tools.【答案】去掉 for【解题思路】考查动词搭配。buy 为及物动词，不能接介词for。10.【2017全国卷】When I look at this picture of myself, I realize of how fast time flies.【答案】删去第二个 of【解题思路】考查介词。realize 是及物动词，后接宾语不需要介词，故删去介词 of。11.【2016浙江】While they chatted, my father would lift my sister and me up to sit in the top of the fridge.【答案】in 改成 on【解题思路】考查介词。on the top of为固定搭配，意为“在顶部”。故 in 改成 on。一、语法填空（2019 届湖北省仙桃中学高三 8 月考试）A lot of films have tried to describe the afterlife and our memories of family members who have passed away. _1_ few have done this as well as Coco, Disney-Pixars latest animated film._2_(inspire) by the Mexican holiday of Dia de los Muertos, or Day of the Dead, the film tells the story of a young boy named Miguel who wants his family to understand his love of music. On that years Dia de los Muertos, he _3_(accident) ends up in the Land of the Dead. While there, Miguel has _4_ unforgettable and adventurous night.Family is a_5_(center) concept in Mexican culture. On Dia de los Muertos, people in Mexico honor their ancestors by putting their photos up on a family shrine (神龛), _6_ is shown in the film, and share food and drinks _7_(keep) the spirits of their family members alive.“In an era when young people_8_(attract) by celebrities so easily, Coco reveals the_9_(empty) of such adulation (谄媚), teaching kids to preserve and respect the memory of their elders while reminding them_10_ the fact that the source of true creativity is so often personal,” reporter Peter Debruge wrote for Variety.【答案】1. But 2. Inspired 3. accidentally 4. an 5. central 6. as 7. to keep 8. are attracted 9. emptiness 10. of【解题思路】文章介绍了迪士尼和皮克斯联手打造的动画巨作寻梦环游记，该片的灵感取自墨西哥亡灵节，制作团队创作了一个名叫米格尔的小男孩。他一直想让家人理解自己对音乐的热爱。那一年的亡灵节，他机缘巧合地踏入了亡灵之地并在那里度过了难忘而又惊险的一夜。1.考查连词。句意：不少电影都试着刻画过往人生世界以及我们对逝去亲人的追忆，但没有几部能比得上寻梦环游记这部迪士尼和皮克斯联手打造的动画巨作。前后表示转折，故填 But。2.考查非谓语动词。句意：该片的灵感取自墨西哥亡灵节，制作团队创作了一个名叫米格尔的小男孩。他一直想让家人理解自己对音乐的热爱。动词 inspire 的逻辑主语是 film，电影和产生灵感是被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填Inspired。3.考查副词。句意：那一年的亡灵节，他机缘巧合地踏入了亡灵之地并在那里度过了难忘而又惊险的一夜。副词修饰动词。故填 accidentally。4.考查连词。句意：那一年的亡灵节，他机缘巧合地踏入了亡灵之地并在那里度过了难忘而又惊险的一夜。冠词修饰可数名词表示一个，unforgettable 是以元音开头的单词，前面用 an，故填 an。5.考查形容词。句意：家庭是墨西哥文化中的核心概念。形容词修饰名词。故填 central。6.考查关系代词。句意：就像电影中所呈现的那样，在每年的亡灵节这天，墨西哥人都会在家族灵坛中摆放祖先的照片以纪念先人，供奉饮食，希望家人的亡灵永生。as 引导定语从句，指代前面一件事，表示正如，作主语。故填 as。7.考查非谓语动词。句意：墨西哥人都会在家族灵坛中摆放祖先的照片以纪念先人，供奉饮食，希望家人的亡灵永生。表示目的，用动词不定式。故填 to keep。8.考查被动语态。句意：“在这个年轻人轻易被明星吸引的时代里，寻梦环游记揭示了这种追捧的空虚，主语年轻人们和吸引是被动关系，故填 are attractive。9.考查名词。句意：“在这个年轻人轻易被明星吸引的时代里，寻梦环游记揭示了这种追捧的空虚，教给孩子们铭记并尊重与老人们的回忆，也让他们知道，真正的创造力往往来源于自身，冠词后用名词。故填 emptiness。10.考查介词。句意：“在这个年轻人轻易被明星吸引的时代里，寻梦环游记揭示了这种追捧的空虚，教给孩子们铭记并尊重与老人们的回忆，也让他们知道，真正的创造力往往来源于自身，提醒某人某事用 remind somebody of something，故填 of。二、短文改错（天成教育命题研究院 2018 年高考精准预测卷）One week before my wifes birthday, I called some of her college friend and requested that they sent a video wishing her a “Happy Birthday”. I asked them to share with any pleasant memories they have from their college days.Two days late I received seven videos from her friends she had not been in touch with for eight years! They described fun memories from college and talked how they missed those times.When I showed the videos to my wife at her birthday, she could not stop smile. I saw tears of happy in her eyes. A simple gesture made her birthday specially by connecting her to her old friends.【答案】1.friend 改为 friends2.sent 改为 send3.删除 with4.have 改为 had5.late 改为 later6.talked 后加 about7.at 改为 on8.smile 改为 smiling9.happy 改为 happiness10.specially 改为 special【解题思路】本文是一篇记叙文。作者给妻子过了一个有趣的生日，妻子深受感动，眼中含着幸福的泪水。1.考查名词复数。在我妻子生日的前一周，我给她的一些大学朋友打了电话，并要求他们发送一段祝她“生日快乐”的视频。some of +名词复数，故把 friend 改成 friends。2.考查虚拟语气。根据主句中的 requested 可知其后的宾语从句需用（should）+动词原形表虚拟，should 可省略，故把sent 改为 send。3.考查固定搭配。我让他们分享在大学期间的美好回忆。share sth. with sb.与某人分享某物，故把 with 去掉。4.考查时态。根据 from their college days 可知句子用一般过去时态，故把 have 改成 had。5.考查固定用法。Two days later 两年后，故把 late 改成later。6.考查固定搭配。他们描述了大学里的有趣回忆，并讲述了他们是如何错过那些时光的。talk about sth.谈论某事，故在 talked 后面加 about。7.考查介词。当我在她生日那天给我的妻子看这些视频时，她忍不住笑了。on ones birthday 在某人生日上，故把 at改成 on。8.考查固定搭配。couldnt help doing sth 情不自禁做某事，故把 smile 改成 smiling。9.考查名词。我看到她眼中有幸福的泪水。此处应该用名词形式，故把 happy 改成 happiness。10.考查形容词。一个简单的手势使她的生日特别，把她和老朋友联系在一起。make+宾语+形容词，此处是形容词做宾语补足语，故把 specially 改成 special。一、语法填空（2019 届广东省中山市第一中学高三上学期第二次统测英语试题）In recent years many TV shows have become extremely popular among Chinese audience. Those programs, ranging from talent or dating shows to reality shows 1 (receive) both commercial success and public attention.Their popularity is 2 (main) based on simple facts. First, they care 3 social concerns. Second, without exception, they explore 4 perfect balance between the international forms and Chinese expressions.Despite apparent highlights, much room 5 (leave) for improvement. Above all, commercial interests often outweigh educational purposes, causing many 6 (complaint) about the 7 (bearable) advertisements. In addition, some sharp remarks, 8 they are eye-catching, may have misleading effects on the youth.In my opinion, such shows should shoulder more responsibility instead of merely 9 (entertain) the public. 10 is expected, these programs should be positive in their forms as well as functions. Meanwhile, the media should also safeguard thevalues of our society.【答案】1.have received 2. mainly 3.about 4. a 5. is left6. complaints 7. unbearable 8. though/although/while 9. entertaining 10. As【解题思路】本文讲述了近年来，许多电视节目在中国非常受欢迎，但是有些节目中多得让人无法忍受的广告引起了人们的抱怨。1.考查时态。根据第一句的时间状语 in recent years 和谓语形式，以及句意的理解，此处用现在完成时态。2.考查形容词和副词。修饰谓语用副词形式。3.考查介词。care about 关心，在乎。4. 考查不定冠词。 a perfect balance 一个完美的平衡。5. 考查时态和语态。该句意指这些节目还有很多有待于提高的空间，主语是 room，用一般现在时态的被动语态。6. 考查名词。前面有 many 且为可数名词，所以应填复数形式。7.考查语意（构词法）。此处意为这些节目中多得让人无法忍受的广告引起了人们的抱怨，根据句意，bearable 应用否定意义，加上表反义的前缀 un-。8. 考查连词。该句句意为尽管这些节目很吸引眼球，但是会对青少年造成误导。9. 考查非谓语。entertain 被 instead of 连接，应用 doing形式。10. 考查定语从句，as is expected 正如所期待的那样，as此处引导非限制性定语从句。二、短文改错（2019 届湖北省黄冈市高三 9 月质量检测英语试题）I still remembered I helped one of my classmates with his English one years ago. Li Hua, one of my classmates, who was not good at English while I did well. One day, she asked me to help him. So from now on, whenever he had problems, he would ask me, but I was patient to explain them to him. Slowly, his English improved under my help. At same time, I found my English improved too. As the saying goes, “roses giving, fragrance in hand.” Actual, helping others is helping ourselves.【答案】1.remembered 改为 remember2.years 改为 year3.去掉 who4.she 改为 he5.now 改为 then6.but 改为 and7.under 改为 with8.At 后添加 the9.giving 改为 given10.Actual 改为 Actually【解题思路】本文讲述了我帮助同学学英语，而我自己的英语也得到了提高，诠释了“赠人玫瑰，手留余香”“助人如助己”的传统美德。1.考查时态。根据句意，记住属于现在的动作，故用一般现在时。2.考查名词。根据 one 可知用 year 的单数形式。3.考查连词。分析句子结构可知，主语 Li Hua，缺少谓语，故去掉 who，谓语是 was。4.考查代词。根据前后主语的一致性。5.考查副词。根据句意应为从那时起。6.考查连词。根据句意前后句为并列句故用 and。7.考查介词。固定短语 with ones help。8.考查冠词。固定短语 at the same time。9.考查非谓语动词。roses 与 give 之间为被动关系，需将giving 改为 given。10.考查副词。副词作状语。关于空间的作文：自主+转向+取舍=空间一家企业，究竟应当如何追寻更大的发展空间？这是许多创业者共同困惑的问题，某一领域的成长总是有限的，而我们的愿望却是把一条线尽可能地拉长。在这方面，比亚迪给予了我们许多启示 不被左右，懂得转向，学会取舍。不被左右敢于做先行人，是勇气，也是智慧。在比亚迪成立的初始，正是金融大热，人人向商业领域趋之若鹜的时候。在这种时刻，相信自己敏锐的眼光，投入到自主研发的电池技术中去，需要极大的定力。也许“自主研发”所打下的技术基础是比亚迪日后腾达的资本，但我更赞赏王传福教授愿意去“自主研发”，不被金钱表象迷眼的坚定，这本身是一种对道路选择的自主，一种任风雨侵袭我自不动的气度，人类逐利的本能极易让他们看不清市场的面貌，在“小蓝车”倒闭，小“黄车”告急的新闻中，我们能看到比亚迪选择“自主”的可贵和智慧。同样，已成为全球第二大充电电池商的比亚迪，还能如何发展呢？我不禁回想起福布斯杂志总编的选择。当时福布斯在财务市场分析，金融行情方面已经顶尖，众人都认为它不可能在有什么突破了，可它的总编却灵机一动，做起了福布斯排行榜将财富排行与金融杂志完美结合，使福布斯超越了普通杂志的范畴，再次成为众人的焦点。而比亚迪的做法几乎和福布斯如出一辙，它将充电电池拓展成为新能源汽车的动力，在极好的关联了新旧产业的交点的同时，使比亚迪超越了“电池”的局限，这是一种可敬的转向思维，如同高处不胜寒的武林尊者，峰回路转，发现另一处别有洞天。不耽于已有成就，敢于突破、创新、需要志气，也需要远见。那另一方天地只会呈现在胆略冲破旧有局限的人面前，给予他们更大的发展空间。最后，取舍。领先的磷酸铁锂电池是比亚迪最初的“友伴”，但正如固守“友伴”拒绝创新的摩托罗拉被苹果取代的事实一样，放不下已有成就，无法“断舍离”的企业，自然也无法顺应时代趋势，凤凰涅槃。苹果推出智能手机，佳能打出数码技术，新事物的快速发展，需要老企业进行取舍，是紧追时代，还是沉湎过去被新企业吞噬。比亚迪选择了“舍”，然后“得”，三元锂电池，必将带给它更新鲜的活力。企业如此，其实，人生何尝不是呢？自主令你立足于世不被外物所迷；转向使你开拓新天地，柳暗花明；取舍使你拥有更多余地，更新的活力。因此，想要获得更大空间的，都应谨记：“自主+转向+取舍=更广阔的世界！“