动词不定式与动名词用法总结.doc

动词不定式与动名词用法总结一 动词不定式作主语(1) （1）To learn a foreign language is not easy. 主语It（形式主语） is not easy to learn a foreign language(真正主语)It takes / took me 3 hours to read English It is not difficult for us to learn a foreign languageIts kind of you to help me with my English .1 Itis形容词（表示人的性格品质） of sb to do2 Itis形容词（表示做某事是怎么样） for sb to do注（1）当形容词表示人的性格品质时，逻辑主语由of引出, 如：kind，nice, good, polite, clever, careful，careless， foolish， （2）当形容词表示做某事是怎么样时逻辑主语由for引出. 如： difficult, hard , easy, important, dangerous possible 二 动 词不定式 宾 语 此种情况可按固定搭配或句式去记。want to do agree to do hope to do decide to do prefer to do plan to do offer to do would like to doKevin planned to visit his uncle 三 动词不定式做宾语补足语tell sb + to do ask sb + to do want sb + to do order sb + to do invite sb + to do warn sb + to do I tell him not to go there by bus 四 ：定 语 动词不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词 、代词的后面。例: I have a lot of work to do 点击规律: 动词不定式若在句中作定语, 常放在被修饰的名词、代词之后。 提示板: 如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系, 且动词是不及物动词, 切记不要忘掉后面的介词。如 I have a small chair to sit on(sit on the chair) There arent enough rooms to live in. (live in enough rooms) 五 作 状 语 A .目的状语.（1） I come to see you（2 ）He runs fast in order to get there in time b. 原因状语: 放在sorry, glad, surprised, disappointed，excited等词后面。对其进行补充说明, 作形容词补足语）如： I am glad to see you here I am sorry to trouble you 六 动词不定式表语 : 放在连系动词be后面 (be +adj + to do) 例句: His wish / hope is to become a scientist. My work is to clean the street .七 : “疑问词不定式”用法 不定式前可带what，who，which，where, when, how, whose, 等疑问词, 这种不定式短语在句中作宾语、宾语补足语、主语等。例: He didnt tell me where to go. (直宾) I dont know what to say now.(宾语) I dont know what to do next. (宾语） He taught us how to use the computer(宾语补足语) 九 重点句型：要注意如下两个句型的用法，后面的to+V（原形）都是做状语。A. too + adj / adv + to +do . 太而不能.B. + adj / adv + enough to +do 足够.干它们是简单句，还可以so - that +从句互相转换。 So + adj (many/much/ little /few )+ n (名词 ) +that +从句 Such+ a/an +adj + (单数可数名词) + that +从句如此以致于.（以上都是复合句）Eg: 1. 他是如此的年轻而不能去上学.A. He is so young that he cant go to school.=B. He is such a young boy that he cant go to school.=C. He is too young to go to school =D. He isnt old enough to go to school.2）、不带to的不定式结构以下几种情况使用不带to的动词不定式:1、why not do 或 Why dont you do之后。2、在固定词组had better do 否定形式是had better not do sth.例如: You had better go home now.你最好现在回家。 Its cold outside. Youd better not go out.外面很冷,你最好不要出去。3、 在let, make, see, feel, watch, hear等感官或使役动词后,跟不带to的不定式作宾补。 let /make/have sb do 让某人做某事 see /watch sb do 看见某人做过某事 hear sb do 听见某人做过某事感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel后 既可+to do，也可跟v-ing作宾补，see/ hear do 看见/听见某人做过某事 （前者表示动作的全部过程已结束）；see /hear sb doing看见/听见某人正做过某事 （后者表示动作正在进行）十 ：动名词like/love +doing喜欢做某事 practice +doing 练习做某事keep +doing 一直做某事finish +doing 完成做某事enjoy + doing 喜欢做某事mind +doing 介意做某事be busy + doing 忙于做某事cant help +doing 情不自禁做某事be worth doing 值得去做某事spend.in doing sth 花时间去做某事feel like + doing 想要做某事find sb doing 发现某人在做某事hate doing 憎恨做某事 imagine doing 想象做某事 avoid doing 避免做某事 go swimming 去游泳 prefer doing to doing 喜欢前者胜于后者 have fun（有乐趣的doing sth 十一 介词后+doing be good at +doing 擅长做某事 do well in +doing 擅长做某事 what /how about +doing 做某事怎么样 give up +doing 放弃做某事thanks for +doing 因做某事而感谢 be interested in+doing 对某事感兴趣stop sb from +doing 阻止某人去做某事 make a contribution to+doing 为做贡献look forward to +doing 盼望做某事 give ones life to doing 献身于做某事 十二：动词不定式作宾语的注意事项（2点）A ：He finds it very difficult to get to sleep. 他发现很难入睡主语+动词+it+（形容词、名词）+不定式Sb find it + adj +to do 某人发现做某事是怎么样B 有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语，也可跟动名词作宾语，但含义不同： remember to do 记住去做某事； forget to do 忘记去做某事 remember doing 记得曾经做过某事 forget doing 忘记曾经做过某事go on + doing 继续做同一事 stop + doing 停止正在做的事go on to do 继续做某事（前后是两件事） stop +to do 停下来去做另一件事 like doing 喜欢做某事（指兴趣爱好） hate doing 讨厌去做某事 like to do 偶尔喜欢去做某事 hate to do 不愿去做某事（人）need to do 某人需要去做某事（物）need doing 某物需要被. begin /start /continue to do /doing 开始做某事 十三、巩固练习( )1. The weather is very cold. Wed _-keep the door open. A. better not to B. not better C. not better to D. better not( )2. Will you please _ me your maths bookfor theafternoon? A. leadingB. lend C. to lendD. borrow( )3. He has got used to _ early. A. getting upB. get up C. be gotten upD. be getting( ) 4. He walked _ fast for us _catch up with. A. so, that B. such, that C. enough, to D. too, to( )5. It is _to work out this problem. You neednt go to the teacher. A. enough easy B.easily enough C. easy, enough D. very easily( )6. Every day I spend two hours _my homework. A.finishing to do B.finishing doingC. to finish to do D. to finish doing( )7. Lin Tao cant be at home. I saw him _here a few minutes ago. A. plays B. to play C. playing D. played( )8. Wed better _on the road.,or A car may hit us. A. not to play B. not play C. to not play D. dont play( ) 9.-When can I go out to play football, Mum? -Finish your homework first, or I wont let you _. A. to go out B. go out C. going out D. will go out( )10. Could you make her _laughing? A. stop B. to stop C. stops D. stopped( )11. Im sorry I havent got any money. Ive _ my handbag at home. A. missed B. left C. put D. forgot( )12.-_ we make it half past seven? -What about _ it a little earlier? A. Shall, making B. Shall, to makeC. Will, making D. will, to make( )13. Id like to have a nice room _. A. live B. to live C. to live in D. live in( )14. To a doctor, the most important thing is _. A. to save B. saving C. to saving D. saved( ).15.Im sorry to have kept you _ for a long time. A. wait B. to wait C. waiting D. to be waiting三 中考试题回顾1、He read the instruction to find out how _ the computer.A. use B. to use C. using D. uses2、There are some dangerous fishes in this river, and Ive warned Jack _here.A. not to swim B .to not swim C. swim not to D. to swim not3、The article said that he hoped _ drawing the picture soon.A .his son to finish B. to finish C. finish D. his son will finish4、Listen! Can you hear a baby _ ?A. cry B. to cry C. crying D. cries5、“Dont always make Michael _ this or that. He is already a big boy, dear,” Bush said to his wife.A . do B. to do C. does D. did6、Dont forget _ the letter.A. to send B. send C. sending7、John was made _ the car for a week as a punishment.A. to wash B. washing C. wash8、Thank you very much _ the present.A. to give me B. for giving me C. giving me 9、I have no paper. Could you give me a piece of paper _ ? A. to write in B. write in C. to write on 10、The teacher got his students _ the top of the mountain.A. reach B. to reach C. reaching11、If everyone makes a contribution to _ the environment, the world will become much more beautiful.A. protect B. protecting C. protected12、Tracy cant play the match now. Please _ instead.A. have Lily do B. let Lily to do it C. make Lily to do it13、We lock the door to keep the books _ .A. to be stolen B. from being stolen C. from stealing14、On my way home, I stopped _ some food.A. buy B. to buy C. buying