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Unit 1 Women of achievement(一)课前自主学习.阅读单词知其意1specialist n专家；专业工作者2emergency n纵联1 突发事件；紧急情况3welfare n. 福利；福利事业4modest adj. 谦虚的；谦让的；适度的5project n. 项目；工程；规划6rate n. 比率；速度7nest n. 巢；窝8bond n. 联系；关系；结合；纽带9outspoken adj. 直言的；坦诚10career n. 事业；生涯11institute n. 学会；学院；协会12kindness n. 仁慈；好意.重点单词写其形1generation n纵联2 一代；一辈2support n&vt.纵联3 支持；拥护3crowd n. 人群；观众vt. 挤满；使拥挤4campaign n. 运动；战役vi. 作战；参加运动5deliver vt. 递送；生(小孩儿)；接生；发表(演说等)6worthwhile adj. 值得的；值得做的7respect vt.&n. 尊敬；尊重；敬意8childhood n. 童年；幼年时代9audience n. 观众；听众；读者10shade n. 荫；阴凉处vt. 遮住光线.拓展单词通其变1achievement n成就；功绩achieve vt.完成；达到2connection n连接；关系connect vt.连接纵联43organization n组织；机构；团体organize vt.组织4behave vt.&vi.举动；(举止或行为)表现behavio(u)r n行为；举止；习性5observe vt.观察；观测；遵守observation n观察；观测6argue vt.&vi.讨论；辩论；争论argument n争论；争辩；争吵7inspire vt.鼓舞；激发；启示inspired adj.受到鼓舞的；有灵感的inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的inspiration n鼓舞；灵感8refer vi.谈到；查阅；参考reference n提及；涉及；参考；查阅9sickness n疾病；恶心sick adj.生病的10intend vt.计划；打算intention n打算；目的；意图11considerate adj.考虑周到的consider v考虑；认为consideration n考虑；体谅considering prep.考虑到纵联1.以ency结尾的名词emergency 突发事件；紧急情况efficiency效率；功效 fluency流畅frequency频繁；频率 agency代理纵联2.后缀ation高频名词集锦generation一代；一辈 inspiration灵感；鼓舞celebration庆祝；庆典 congratulation祝贺appreciation欣赏；感激 admiration羡慕；钦佩expectation期望 adaptation适应；改编本consideration考虑 organization组织；机构纵联3.“支持， 反对”表立场support n&vt.支持 in favour of支持agree v赞成 approve v赞成argue against反对 be against反对oppose v反对纵联4.以tion结尾的名词connection连接；关系 suggestion建议construction建造；建设 pollution污染protection保护 addiction沉溺；爱好attention注意；留心 introduction介绍单元话题个人情况(1)子话题1外表plain adj. 朴素的；简单的elegant adj. 文雅的；漂亮的grey/gray adj. 灰色的；灰白的pale adj. 苍白的；灰白的fair adj. (肤色)白皙的figure n. 体形；身材overweight adj. 超重的；过重的slim adj. 苗条的子话题2表情facial adj. 面部的cheerful adj. 兴高采烈的desperate adj. 绝望的numb adj. 麻木的frightened/scared adj. 害怕的embarrassed adj. 尴尬的sympathetic adj. 同情的indifferent adj. 冷漠的学考对接活学活用高考采撷(一)阅读中的词汇应用1(2017全国卷阅读A)Since 1962, Pacific Science Center has been (inspire) a passion (热情) for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and technology. Today, Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and brings inquirybased science education to classrooms and munity events all over Washington State.Its an amazing acplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social (organize)用inspire的适当形式填空：inspiring写出加彩词在本单元的同根名词：achievement，意为“成就”，此词和句中的“acplishment”同义用organize的适当形式填空：organizations2(2015重庆高考阅读E)In a 1757 essay, the philosopher David Hume argued that because “the general principles of taste are uniform (不变的) in human nature，” the value of some works of art might be essentially permanent. He observed that Homer was still admired after two thousand years. Works of this type, he believed, spoke to deep and unvarying features of human nature and could continue to exist over centuries.写出加彩词在句中的含义：主张写出加彩词在本单元的同根名词：observation高考采撷(二)写作中的词汇应用(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)1(2018全国卷书面表达)就我个人而言， 用餐时，你应该注意你的行为举止。(behaviour)As_far_as_Im_concerned,_you_should_mind_your_behaviour_during_the_meal.2(2018全国卷书面表达)在中国， 我们认为尊敬长辈是很重要的。(respect n)In_China,_we_attach_great_importance_to_showing_respect_for_the_elderly.3(2016江苏高考书面表达)因此，应该制订网络投票的规则并严格遵守。(observe)Therefore,_rules_of_online_voting_should_be_worked_out_and_strictly_observed. (二)课堂重点释疑1behave vt.&vi.举动；(举止或行为)表现记牢(1)behave well/badly to/towards sb.对待某人好/差behave oneself 守规矩；表现得体(2)wellbehaved adj. 表现好的badlybehaved adj. 表现差的(3)behavio(u)r n. 行为；举止；习性练通单句语法填空They behaved badly to/towards the guests, which made us very disappointed.Much to my surprise, he behaved as if nothing had happened.In general, I was quite pleased with his behavio(u)r.(behave)Students should be encouraged to develop good habits and better behave themselves (they)单句改错Students should be encouraged to develop good habits and better behave them.themthemselves写美补全句子与此同时，政府有必要鼓励人们在公共场所举止行为要表现良好。Meanwhile, it is necessary for the government to_encourage_people_to_be_wellbehaved in public places.2observe vt.观察；观测；遵守；庆祝；注意到辨清写出下列句中observe的含义Though having lived abroad for years, many Chinese still observe the traditional customs.遵守It is a tradition for the people here to observe the Spring Festival.庆祝The scientist devoted most of his lifetime to observing the behavior of the chimps.观察The thief was observed to open the window and run away.注意到记牢(1)observe sb.do sth.观察/注意到某人做某事(全过程)observe sb.doing sth.观察/注意到某人正在做某事observe that . 观察(2)observe the traffic rules 遵守交通规则observe Christmas Day 过圣诞节练通单句语法填空The guard observed a young man stealing (steal) from the office, and he tried to approach him quietly.It is everyones duty to_observe (observe) the traffic rules to keep our society in order and going on the right track.用准observe后跟不带to的不定式或v.ing作宾语补足语，即observe sb. do/doing sth.，不能说observe sb. to do sth.。但在被动语态中必须带to，即sb./sth. be observed to do sth.。写美句型转换(2017北京高考书面表达)On the top of Mountain Tai, people excitedly observed that the sun was rising from the sea.On the top of Mountain Tai, people excitedly observed_the_sun_rising_from_the_sea.3respect vt.&n.尊敬；尊重；敬意；细节；方面；问候记牢(1)respect sb. for sth.因某事而尊敬或敬重某人(2)have/show respect for sb. 对某人表示尊敬或敬重give/send ones respects to 代某人向问候in respect of/with respect to 关于；就而言out of respect for . 出于对的尊敬；顾及(3)respected adj. 受人尊敬的；受敬重的respectful adj. 表示敬意的；尊敬的练通单句语法填空I hope airlines can show more respect for passengers and improve service.The moment you meet your parents, please give my respects (respect) to them.补全句子Chinese children grow up with warnings not to waste a single grain of rice, out_of_respect_for_farmers_labor.中国的孩子从小就受到告诫，不要浪费一粒米，这是出于对农民劳动的尊重。用准respect表示“尊重；敬重”时为不可数名词；表示“细节；方面”时为可数名词；表示“敬意；问候”时，多用复数形式。写美句式升级We respect our English teacher, whose modesty and good behaviour make a deep impression on us.We show_respect_for our English teacher, whose modesty and good behaviour make a deep impression on us.4argue vi.&vt.争论；辩论；讨论；证明；主张；认为记牢(1)argue for/against sth.据理力争/反对某事argue with sb.on/about/over sth.与某人争论某事argue sb.into/out of doing sth.说服某人做/不做某事argue that . 主张/认为(2)argument n. 争论；争辩；争吵；论据beyond argument 无可辩解练通单句语法填空I regretted arguing with her about such a small question.After a long time of discussion they accepted the agreement without argument (argue)As our family ine decreased, father argued against an increase in our pocket money.(20176月浙江高考)The governments argue that this will help foreigners better join the society and promote understanding across cultures.写美一句多译我们想方设法劝说他接受我们的建议，但都是徒劳。We tried many ways to_argue_him_into_following our advice, but in vain.(argue)We tried many ways to_persuade_him_to_follow/to_persuade_him_into_following our advice, but in vain.(persuade)We tried many ways to_talk_him_into_following our advice, but in vain.(talk)联想“说服某人做某事”的其他表达形式：persuade sb.to do sth.persuade sb.into doing sth.convince sb.to do sth. talk sb.into doing sth.5support vt.&n.支持；拥护；赡养；养活记牢(1)support a family/oneself 养家糊口/自力更生support sb.in (doing) sth.在某方面支持某人(做)某事(2)in support of sb./sth. 支持或拥护某人/某事with ones support 在某人的支持下e to ones support 来支持某人(3)supporter n. 支持者练通单句语法填空His suggestions put forward at the meeting were_supported by his supporters.(support)With his wifes support, Mr Wang contributed a lot of money to the people in the stricken area.同义替换Feeding (Supporting) such a large family is really a heavy load for her.补全句子When he was about to give up the struggle, his panions came_to_his_support.正当他要放弃斗争之际，他的同伴们来支持他了。写美翻译句子只有少数人支持他的计划，这使他很失望。Only_a_few_people_were_in_support_of_his_plan,_which_made_him_very_disappointed.6intend vt.计划；打算记牢(1)intend doing/to do sth. 打算做某事intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事had intended to do sth./intended to have done sth. 本来打算做某事(但实际未做)(2)be intended to do/for . 专门为；专门给(3)intention n. 意图；目的；打算with an/the intention of 抱有的目的；打算练通单句语法填空I had_intended (intend) to catch the early train, but I didnt get up in time.The school being built at present is said to be intended for the disabled children.To improve our English and get more students interested in English, I intend to_organize/organizing (organize) some activities at school.写美句式升级The program was set up with the intention of helping the homeless.The program, which_was_intended_to_help_the_homeless,_was set up.(intend，定语从句)The program, intended_to_help/helping_the_homeless,_was set up. (intend，分词作定语)词汇过关综合训练 .单词拼写1My son is always praised by his teachers because he behaves (表现) well at school.2The Chinese people observe (庆祝) the Spring Festival from generation to generation.3The headmaster delivered (发表) an important speech at the meeting yesterday，which left a deep impression on his students.4(2018天津高考)The possibility that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired (激励) scientists to explore the outer space.5I intended (打算) to have bought a car last month, but I was short of money.6The medicine should be kept in the shade (阴凉处), or they will lose effectiveness.7Because of his hard work, the boy has made much progress in his academic achievements (成就)8As an educational specialist (专家), his grandmother is always invited to give lectures around the country.9A heated argument (争论) broke out between the husband and his wife last night.10In his childhood (童年), Li Ming lived a happy life though his family wasnt rich.单句语法填空1There is little connection (connect) between the two boys even though they look much alike.2The voluntary group is supported by quite a few public organizations (organize) in the country.3We have rich and colourful entertainments (entertain) after class, according to our own hobbies.4He was left behind because of his sickness (sick) when his classmates went camping.5The girl from the United States was widely respected (respect) for what she had done.6Having a large family to_support (support), he took up two parttime jobs in his spare time.7On the National Day, the streets are_crowded (crowd) with a large number of people.8He managed to confirm that it was worthwhile to_start/starting (start) a campaign to protect our environment.根据提示补全句子/一句多译1我说服她不要在如此糟糕的天气里出去。(argue)I argued_her_out_of going out in such bad weather.2在过去的几年里，中国在环保方面取得了巨大成就。(achievement)In the last few years, China has_made_great_achievements in environmental protection.3今天下午市长将给来访外宾发表演说。(deliver)The mayor will deliver_a_speech_to the visiting foreign guests this afternoon.4无论发生什么事情，我将永远支持你。No matter what happens, I will support_you forever.(support)No matter what happens, I will stand_by_you forever.(stand)No matter what happens, I will be_in_favour_of_you forever.(favour).语境辨义根据语境选出动词deliver的词义(A)分娩(B)送货；递送(C)发表(D)接生1I can deliver my books to some specific person, which means I can know where my books go and who likes reading the same books as me._B_2Ten students will deliver their speeches on the given topic “Man and Nature”_C_3It was lucky that she was delivered of a healthy baby._A_4The baby was delivered by a famous doctor last Saturday._D_(一)课前自主学习1move_off 串记1离开；起程；出发2lead/live_a_._life 过着的生活3crowd_in (想法、问题等)涌上心头；涌入脑海4look_down_upon/on 蔑视；瞧不起5refer_to 查阅；参考；谈到；提及6by_chance 碰巧；凑巧7e_across (偶然)遇见；碰见8carry_on 串记2 继续；坚持9devote_._to_. 献身于；专心于10work_out 解决；锻炼身体；结果是同根短语串记串记1.“v.off”短语速记move off离开；起程；出发pay off 还清；取得好结果put off 推迟give off 发出(光、热、气味等)take off 起飞；脱掉set off 出发；爆炸串记2.“v.on”短语聚焦carry on继续；坚持 work on继续工作move on前进 try on试穿keep on继续 rely on依赖； 依靠take on呈现 depend on依赖； 依靠1as a way of 作为的一种方式2e to help 援助；帮助3set up 建立4be intended for 专门为5as well as 也；和；并且6travel abroad to study 到国外留学7concern oneself with welfare projects关心福利项目8in the shade of the trees 在树荫下1Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was_she_allowed_to begin her project.她母亲头几个月来帮她的忙，这才使她得以开始自己的计划。2Once_I_stop,_it all es crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories.我一旦停下来，所有的一切都会涌上心头，我就会想起实验室里的黑猩猩。3Suddenly it_hit_me_how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time.突然我想起在那个年代，一个女子去学医是多么困难啊。4Further reading made me realize that it_was hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature that got her into medical school.进一步阅读使我了解到，是苦干、决心和善良的天性使她走进了医学院的大门。学考对接活学活用高考采撷(一)阅读中的短语(补全句子)1(2018全国卷阅读C)Wang Shu, a 49yearold Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize which is often referred_to (称作) as the Nobel Prize in architecture on February 28.2(2017全国卷语法填空)But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry_on (继续) with her education.高考采撷(二)写作中的句式(翻译句子)1(2018全国卷书面表达)只有你对中国的餐桌礼仪有更好的了解，你才能表现得体。(only位于句首的倒装句)Only_when_you_have_a_better_understanding_of_Chinese_table_manners_can_you_behave_properly.2(2017全国卷书面表达)一旦你掌握了方法，剪纸就不难学了。Papercutting_is_easy_to_learn_once_you_master_the_methods.(二)课堂重点释疑短语集释1look down upon/on蔑视；轻视；瞧不起记牢look up to尊敬；仰视look forward to 盼望；期待look into 调查；观察；窥视look up 抬头看；查阅look back on 回忆；回顾look out (for .) 注意；留意；留神()look through 浏览；仔细查看练通用look的相关短语填空I often look_up the words I dont know in the dictionary or on the Internet.We shouldnt look_down_upon/on the disabled; on the contrary, we should help them.I looked_through todays newspaper but I found nothing important.I like to look_back_on my high school days, which were the happiest in my life.The reason why I look_up_to the artist is that his works are inspiring.写美翻译句子同时，我期待着尽快收到您的回信。Meanwhile,_I_am_looking_forward_to_hearing_from_you_as_soon_as_possible.2refer to提及；谈到；参考；查阅；提交；把称作辨清写出下列句中refer to的含义If you dont know the exact meaning of the word, you may refer to the dictionary.查阅Your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are preparing for a test.参考We have reached an agreement that we will not refer to the matter again.提及记牢(1)refer to . as .把称作refer . to . 把提交给； 让(人)参考(2)reference n. 提及；参考；查阅reference book 参考书；工具书练通单句语法填空People who work in offices are usually referred to as “white collar workers”Youd better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future reference (refer)As the situation was unusual, he referred the matter to the editor.用准(1)refer的过去式、过去分词、现在分词分别为：referred, referred, referring。(2)“查词典”可表达为：refer to the dictionary; consult the dictionary; look up a word in the dictionary; search through a dictionary等。写美翻译句子(2015天津高考书面表达)课本和词典可以用作参考书籍然而杂志当作阅读材料。The_textbooks_and_dictionaries_can_be_used_as_reference_books_while_the_magazines_serve_as_reading_materials.句式集释1once引导条件状语从句，意为“一旦就”教材原句Once_I_stop,_it all es crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories.悟拓展例句(1)Once_you_begin_to_do_something,_you must carry on with it, otherwise you will never achieve anything.一旦你开始做某件事情，你必须坚持下去，否则你将不会有所收获。(2)You will_be (be) successful in the interview once you have confidence.(3)Once it is lost, the good chance may never e again.Once_lost,_the good chance may never e again.(省略)析用法规则若once 引导的从句的主语与主句的主语一致，且从句中的谓语动词含有be动词的某种形式或从句为“it be .”形式时，从句中的“主语be”或“it be”可以省略。背写作佳句(1)Once the damage is done, it will take many years for the farmland to recover.(要点句)(2)We must understand that a habit is difficult and sometimes almost impossible to get rid of once it is formed.(要点句)2it hit/hits sb.从句教材原句Suddenly it_hit_me_how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time.悟拓展例句(1)It happens that he told me not to depend on fortune, but on conduct.(2)It hits (hit) me that nothing is more precious than health.析用法规则it作形式主语的其他常用句型：It occurs/occurred to sb. that . 某人突然想到It strikes/struck sb. that . 某人突然想到It happens/happened that . 碰巧背写作佳句(1)(2016全国卷书面表达)It hit/struck me that I had forgotten our appointment.(要点句)(2)It occurred to me that I had wasted too much precious time.(要点句)词块、句式过关综合训练 .选词填空1(2016天津高考)I hate it when she calls me at work Im always too busy to carry_on a conversation with her.2Everything has been well prepared for the scientific research and the team is about to move_off.3As soon as the supermarket opened its door, people crowded_in it and struggled for their purchases.4Last month I came_across my old school friend on the flight to Beijing.5You can refer_to this dictionary if you have any difficulty in learning English.6Dont look_down_upon any people around you since each of them is equal and important in this world.根据提示和要求补全句子1只有当他告诉我这个消息时我才知道真相。(倒装句)Only when he told me the news did_I_know_the_truth.2他一旦作出决定，我们就无法使他改变他的想法。(once引导的状语从句)We cannot make him change his mind once_he_has_made_a_decision.3就在她正要上床睡觉的时候，电话铃响了。(强调句型)It_was_when_she_was_about_to_go_to_bed_that the telephone rang.4我突然想起，我把她的生日给忘了。(hit)It_hit_me_all_of_a_sudden_that I had forgotten her birthday.应用文分步写作假定你是新华中学的高三学生李华，你校的外教Mr.Pearson开设了一个英语辅导班(English Tutorial)，可根据学生的实际需要进行辅导。报名者须根据个人实际情况提出申请并选择辅导内容。请你给外教写一封电子邮件申请加入辅导班。内容主要包括：1介绍个人情况；2说明辅导意向(如口语、语法、写作、文化知识等其中的一项)；3表达愿望。注意：1词数80左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。3邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Mr. Pearson，Im more than delighted that you have started English Tutorial. Yours sincerely，Li Hua第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点本写作是一封申请信，时态为一般现在时，人称为第一人称。文章可分三个层次：开头应点明写信的缘由申请加入辅导班，为介绍个人情况和说明辅导意向做铺垫，避免直接介绍个人情况带来的生硬突兀。主体部分介绍个人情况及说明辅导意向发挥空间大，写作时应化大为小，细化处理，可从英语掌握方面介绍个人情况，以语法为例，指出语法很难，想要辅导语法。结尾表达愿望和感谢。要点1：我写信申请上英语辅导班。Im_writing_to_apply_for_the_membership_of_the_English_Tutorial.要点2：我是李华，新华中学高三年级的一名学生。Im_Li_Hua,_a_Senior_3_student_of_Xinhua_Middle_School.要点2：我已经学习英语近六年了，我仍然没有掌握好它。 I_have_been_learning_English_for_nearly_six_years.Im_still_not_good_at_it.要点2：我发现语法很难。I_find_the_grammar_is_difficult.要点3：我确信，在您的帮助下，我的语法可以大大提高。(convince)Im_convinced_that_my_grammar_can_be_greatly_improved_with_your_help.要点3：如果您能考虑我的申请我将感激不尽。(take . into account)Id_appreciate_it_if_you_could_take_my_application_into_account.第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼为了使文章内容更充实，我们需要对要点进行适度拓展和升级，以使表达更亮眼。可用though引导让步状语从句升级要点2；用“so . that”引导的结果状语从句拓展要点2。升级要点2：虽然我已经学习英语近六年了，但我仍然没有掌握好它。(though引导让步状语从句)Though I have_been_learning_English_for_nearly_six_years,_Im_still_not_good_at_it.拓展要点2：我发现语法很难，以至于我必须花很多时间在上面。(so
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