外研版八年级下册语法讲解和练习(2).doc

外研版八年级下册语法讲解和练习(2)表示感觉和知觉的系动词1表示感觉和知觉的系动词也可称为感官动词，主要有look (看起来), smell (闻起来), sound (听起来), taste (尝起来), feel (感觉/摸起来)。2感官动词属于连系动词，后接形容词作表语，构成系表结构，说明主语所处的状态。例如：He looks tired. 他看起来累了。These flowers smell sweet. 这些花闻起来香Her voice sounds beautiful. 她的声音听起来优美。The cake tastes delicious .蛋糕尝起来美味。I felt guilty. 我感到内疚。3感官动词后可接介词like, like后可接名词或v.ing形式。例如：That boat looks like a duck.那条船看起来像一只鸭子。It smells like being burnt.它闻起来像烧焦了一样4含有感官动词的句子，其否定句和一般疑问句要借助助动词完成。例如：He looks worried. 他看起来忧愁。He doesnt look worried他看起来并不忧愁。Does he look worried?他看起来忧愁吗？. 单项选择()1. The cake _ delicious. I cant wait to eat it. Afeels Bsounds CDsmells()2.Apples of this kind _ Atastes good Btastes well Ctaste good Dtaste well()3.20_潍坊The new sweater I bought for my grandma _ soft. She likes it very much. Alooks Bsmells Ctastes Dfeels()4. Oh, Im hungry. Mum, can I have the hamburger on the plate? No. It tastes_A. terribly B. terrible C. good D. well()5.The cake looks _. Yes, and it tastes even _. A. well; good B. nice; better C. good; worse D. better; best()6.20_镇江ThreeD printing technology could be used to build a house in less than 24 hours.It _ amazing. Its my first time to get to know the news Alooks Bsmells Csounds Dtastes()7.Oh, it_so nice. What beautiful music it is! Asmells Bsounds Ctastes Dlooks()8.Dinner is ready. Help yourself! Wow! It _ delicious. You are really good at cooking. Alooks Bsounds Ctastes Dfeels()9.Lets go on a picnic this weekend, OK? That sounds_. Agreat Bwell Chardly Dterribly()10.I like to read English in the garden because the flowers in it smell _. Agood Bwell Cbad Dbadly()11.Do you like swimming in winter?Of course. The water _ a bit cold at first, but then I am warm and full of energy.Atastes Bfeels Csmells Dlooks()12.Mum is making dinner. It _ so nice! Asmells Btastes Cfeels Dsounds()13.Good medicine for health _ bitter to the mouth. Afeel Btastes Cfeels Dtaste()14.Some of my friends eat with their eyes. They prefer to order what _ nice.Afeels Bsmeels Clooks Dtastes()15.Do you know the song Gangnam Style?Of course. It _ interesting.A tastes Bsmells Csounds Dfeels.根据汉语意思完成句子 1我的毛衣摸起来柔软。 My sweater _ Feels soft2聚会听起来太吵了。 The party _ Sounds noisy3你妈妈看上去很年轻。 Your mother _ Looks young4汤尝起来咸了。 The soup _ Tastes salty5它闻起来新鲜吗？ _ it _？ Does smell fresh6他看上去像一位专家。 He _ an expert. Looks like7这食物尝起来怎样？ _ _ the food _？How does taste8这个主意听起来有趣吗？ _ the idea _ interesting? Does sound9你叔叔长什么样？ _ _ your uncle _ _？ What does look like10他当众讲话对并不紧张。He _ _ _when he speaks in public. Doesnt look nervous.用所给词的适当形式填空1The cloud _ (look) like a horse. looks2The coat _ (feel) very soft. So she bought it at once. felt3The weather _ (get) warmer and warmer these days. Is getting4The man _ (seem) to be very angry. seems5That idea _ (sound) very great. Sounds6The baby panda looks very _(love). lovely7Dont eat the fish. It smells _(badly)bad8The background music sounds _(noise). Please turn it down. noisy9What do you think of the milk?Oh, it _( taste ) good. tastes10I felt _(relax) lying in the sun. What a good time! Relaxed模块二语法现在完成时(一)现在完成时用来表示在以前某个时间或某段时间已经发生的行为或曾经做过的事情对目前有某种影响；还可以表示到目前为止已经完成的事情。现在完成时态的基本句型结构是：“have/has+动词的过去分词”。其用法主要有1当句子的主语是第三人称单数时，要用“has动词的过去分词”。例如：He has finished his homework.他已经做完作业了。 2动词的过去分词变化形式主要有以下几种：大部分动词的过去分词和过去式相同，但也有许多不规则变化，需要特别记忆。例如：等。3.现在完成时的否定形式为havent/hasnt+动词的过去分词，其一般疑问句形式是把have/has 提到句首，动词过去分词不变化。例如：I have seen this film. 我已经看过这部电影了。I havent seen this film. 我没看过这部电影。Have you seen this film? 你看过这部电影吗？Yes, I have./No, I havent. 是的，我看过。/不，我没看过。He has been to Beijing. 他去过北京。He hasnt been to Beijing. 他没去过北京。Has he been to Beijing？ 他去过北京吗？Yes, he has./No, he hasnt. 是的，他去过。/不，他没去过。.单项填空()1.20_赤峰The storybook is very interesting. I agree with you. I_ it twice already.Aread Bwill read Cam reading Dhave read()2. No, and I_ for her for nearly two hours.Await Bwaited Chave waited Dhad waited()3.Do you want to see the film 3D Titanic? The film 3D Titanic? I_ it. Its really wonderful.Asee Bhave seen Cwas seeing Dhas seen()4.Have you ever been to Beijing? _. I went there last year.AYes, I did BYes, I have C. No, I havent DNo, never()5.Where is your father? He _ Dalian.A. have gone to B. has gone to C. have been to D. has been to()6.20_广州Miss Brown, we _ cleaning our classroom. Can we go home now? Afinish Bfinishing Care finished Dhave finished.用所给词的适当形式填空1Mum, can I watch TV now? I _ (finish) my homework. Have finished2The boys _ (not read) the interesting books yet. Their mother will buy some for them. Havent read3_ you _ (hear) from your pen pal recently? Have heardYes, I have. I _ (get) a letter from him yesterday. got4_ you ever _ (eat) the pizza? No, I havent. Have eaten5_ you _(call) your mum yet? Yes, I _. Have called hasI called (call) her last night. 6Has Jack visited (visit) his grandparents? Not yet. 7Have your parents ever _been (be) abroad? Yes, just once. 8Who has seen (see) the film before? .按要求完成下列各题1My parents have gone to England(对画线部分提问)Where have your parents gone?2Would you like some more food?No, thanks. I have had enough.(完成句子)3Daming has climbed Mount Tai before.(改为一般疑问句并作否定回答) Has_ Daming climbed_Mount Tai before? No_， he hasnt4He has waited for her for_2_hours(对画线部分提问)How long has he waited for her?5Jane came to China two years ago. (改为同义句)Jane has been _ in China for two years. 模块三语法现在完成时(二)1现在完成时态还可以用来表示“刚刚做完某事；已经做完某事”等，此时经常用just, already和yet来表示，其中， just 表示“刚刚”； already 表示“已经”，一般置于have/has 之后；just和already都用于肯定句中，在否定句和疑问句中则可用yet，表示“还未”。例如：I have just heard the news. 我刚刚听到消息。Astronauts have already been to the moon. 宇航员已经去过月球了。I havent been to Beijing yet.我还没有去过北京。注意： just, already和yet在句中的位置：I have just heard from my son.我刚刚收到儿子的来信。Ive already bought the book.我已经买了这本书。He hasnt cleaned the house yet.他还没有打扫屋子。2在现在完成时态中，要注意have been to和have gone to的区别，前者表示“去过某地”，但现在已经回来了；后者表示“去了某地”，现在还没回来。例如：The spacecraft has gone into space. It wont return.宇宙飞船已经进入太空，不会回来了。I have been to Mount Tai twice.我去过泰山两次了。.单项填空()1.20_北京He _ in this factory for 20 years already.Awill work Bworks Chas worked Dis working()2.20_铜仁Where is your mother? She _ Guiyang. Ahas gone to Bhas been to Chas been in Dwent to答案 A句意：“你的母亲在哪里？”“她去贵阳了。”表示“去某地没回来”用have gone to；表示“去某地已经回来”用have been to。根据问句可知“妈妈”现在不在说话的地方，即去某地还没有回来。故选A。答案 A句意：“你的母亲在哪里？”“她去贵阳了。”表示“去某地没回来”用have gone to；表示“去某地已经回来”用have been to。根据问句可知“妈妈”现在不在说话的地方，即去某地还没有回来。故选A。()3.Dave, we will leave in 10 minutes. Are you ready? No, I _ our guidebook and towels yet.Adont pack Bdidnt pack Chave packed Dhavent packed()4.My cousin _ Sydney for half a year.D. has been in()5. Aunt Wang is not here now. She has _ to Shanghai and will stay there for several months.D. gone()6.Have you finished your work _？ Yes, Ive _ finished it.Aalready; yet Byet; already Cyet; yet Dalready; already()7.20_常德 I only started taking French classes last week and I _ 50 French words already.Alearned Blearn Chave learned()8.My mother _ the dinner already.Acooking Bcooked Chas cooked Dcook()9.20_黔东南_ you ever_ to Xijiang? Yes, I _ there last year.AHave; gone; went BHave; been; have been CHave; been; went DHave; gone; have gone()10.Why is Mr Yang still in the teachers office? Maybe he_ his work yet.Adoesnt finish Bhasnt finished Chavent finished Ddont finished .用already, just, yet, never或ever填空1Has Li Ming received the invitation _yet_? No, he hasnt got it yet . But I know Mr Zhao has already got it.2Have you read any books on Mars? No, I have never read a single word about Mars.3Have people been to Mars? No, we have never been there.4The astronaut has just gone back to the earth.5The spaceship hasnt sent any information back to us yet.根据汉语意思完成句子1我刚到这儿，还不认识几个人。 I have just arrived/got here and I havent known several people yet 2我还没有问他。 I havent asked him yet . 3迈克刚刚做完了作业。 Mike has just done/finished his homework4她现在不在这里，她去广州了。 She isnt here now. She has gone to Guangzhou. 5我的弟弟已经看过这部电影了。 My brother has seen_ the movie already. 6“你曾经去过巴黎吗？” “是的，我去过那儿两次。”Have you ever been to Paris? Yes, I have been there twice. 7这本书我可以借多久？ How long can I keep the book?8虽然这本书他已经读了三遍了，但是他希望再读一遍。Though he_has read the book three times, he hopes to read it a fourth time.9“你想念你的哥哥吗？”“是的，非常想念，我3个月没有收到他的来信了。”Do you miss_ your brother?Yes, very much. I havent heard from him for three months.1020_佛山至今，145个国家参加了20_意大利米兰世博会。So far, 145 countries have taken part in the 20_ World Expo in Milan, Italy.按要求完成下列各题1I have already finished my homework.(改为否定句)I havent finished my homework _yet 2He has read the book Who Moved My Cheese.(改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)Has he read the book Who Moved My Cheese?Yes, he has 3She wrote a letter to her cousin. (用just改为现在完成时态)She has_ just written a letter to her cousin. 4Tony isnt at home. He went to Hong Kong. (合并为一句)Tony has gone to Hong Kong. 5I came here two days ago. (改为同义句)I _have been here for two days. 6Lucy has been to Beijing several times. (对画线部分提问)How many times has Lucy been to Beijing? 模块四语法现在完成时态(三)1如果要表达某一行为或状态从过去某时间一直持续到现在，则要用现在完成时态。这时，句子通常要与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，这类状语通常由for或since来引导。需要注意的是， for _后面接一段时间，而 since 后面接时间点或过去时态的句子，即 for_ 用来说明动作延续的时间长度，since用来说明动作的起始时间。例如：I have lived in Hebei for ten years. 我在河北已经住了十年。He has been in this school since 2000. 自从2000年起，他就在这所学校了。My sister has learnt English since she was four. 我姐姐从4岁起就开始学英语。2如果要对现在完成时态句子中的时间状语进行提问，通常要用 how long。例如：How long have you studied English? 你学英语学了多长时间了？For four years. 四年了。How long has he taught here? 他在这儿教书多长时间了？Since five years ago.自从五年前。3在现在完成时态的句子中，短暂性动词一般不能与时间段连用，但在 否定句 中，则一般可以和表示一段时间的for短语连用。例如：I have stayed in the hotel for a week. 我已经在这家宾馆待了一周了。My parents havent seen me for two years. 我父母有两年没见我了。 他一周没来上学了。注意 短暂性动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，但如果要保留表示一段时间的时间状语，必须将短暂性动词改为延续性动词。常见的短暂性动词转换为延续性动词如下18 / 18外研版八年级下册语法讲解和练习(2)(2)begin/startbe on(3)buyhave (4)diebe dead be in(6)arrivebe here(7)joinbe in/be a member of(8)finish/endbe over(9)leavebe away(10)borrowkeep (11)begin to studystudy be back外研版八年级下册语法讲解和练习(2)Its the first time that I have visited here. 这是我第一次参观这里。It will be the third time that you have seen the film with me. 这将是你第三次和我一起看电影。.单项填空()1.Look at these stamps. I _ them for five years. Wow, they are wonderful.Akept Bhave kept Chave bought Dbought()2.20_昆明Long time no see! Oh! It_ five years since we met last time.Awas Bwere Chas been Dhave been解析 C考查现在完成时。句意：“很长时间没见了！”“自从上次我们见面五年了。”since是现在完成时的标志词，前面主语是it，故用has been，选C()3.Our foreign teacher Mr Green_ us English since three years ago.Ahas taught Bis teaching Ctaught Dteaches()4.Weve lived here _ 1980. So youve lived here _ more than 30 years.Asince; for Bfor; since Cfor; for Din; since解析 A1980是一个时间点，所以用since; more than 30 years是一个时间段，要用for。故选A。()5.20_安徽Rick has learned a lotabout Chinese culture _ he came to China.Abefore Bwhen Cuntil Dsince解析D考查连词的用法。句意：Rick已经学了许多中国文化 _他来到中国。before意为“在之前”；when意为“当的时候”；until意为“直到”；since意为“自从”。since引导过去时态的时间状语从句时，其主句用现在完成时。故选D。()6._ have you learned Chinese? For 3 years.AHow often BHow much CHow long DHow soon解析 C由答语“For 3 years.”可知，上句是问“多长时间”，故选C。()7.Mr Green _ from his home town for 3 years.Ahas been away Bhas gone Chas left D解析 A句中“for 3 years”是一个时间段，因此要与延续性动词连用，故选A。()8.20_乌鲁木齐Mr Brown_his home town since he_the army.Ahas left; joined Bhas been away from; has joined Chas been away from; joined Dleft; joined 解析 C考查动词的时态以及延续性动词与非延续性动词的辨析。since引导的状语从句的谓语是非延续性动词的过去时，主句的谓语动词应用延续性动词的现在完成时。leave是非延续性动词，不能和一段时间连用。be away from是延续性动词，可以和一段时间连用。所以选择答案C。()9.He _ for ten years.Ahas been married Bmarried Cgot married Dhas married()10.How long has Robert _？ Since 2004.Abeen to Beijing Bjoined the art club Dstudied in this school.用for和since填空1She has worked here _ 20_. Since2We have known each other _ six years. For3He has learnt about 1，000 English words _ he went to college. since4I have known him _ two years ago. since5She has been away _ about four years. for6He has been a league member _ two years. For7I have studied English _ 2009. since8Mr Brown has been in Shanghai _ about two weeks. For9Its three years _ the old man died. since10The film has been on _ about ten minutes when we arrieved at the cinema. For.根据汉语意思完成句子1他已经等他朋友两个小时了。 He has waited for his friend for two hours.2他已经好多年不看书了。 He hasnt read books for years.3她毕业后就一直在从事护士工作。 She has worked_ as a nurse since her graduation.4你父母结婚多长时间了？ How long have your parents been married?5他买这辆红色小汽车两年了。 He has had the red car for two years. 模块五语法动词时态的区分到目前为止，我们已学过用多种时态来描述行为或状态。本模块重点复习一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时。下面我们以一种行为或状态为例，来区分一下这几种时态：一、一般现在时一般现在时通常用 动词原形 表示，但第三人称单数后面的谓语动词要加s或es，be和have有特殊的人称形式(am, is, are; has)。1表示经常发生或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。例如：I often go to school on foot. 我经常步行去上学。2表示客观事实、普遍真理或科学道理。例如：The earth moves around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。3用于含有时间的条件状语从句中，表示将来的动作或状态。例如：If it rains/is rainy tomorrow, we wont go to the cinema. 如果明天下雨，我们就不去看电影了。4标志词：always，often，usually，sometimes，every day, once a week等。二、一般过去时一般过去时用规则或不规则动词的过去式表示；be动词第一、三人称单数用_was，其余人称用were；动词have一律用had。1表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：She was born in 1999.她出生于1999年。2表示过去经常、习惯或反复发生的动作。例如：When she was in Shanghai, she often came to see me. 她在上海时，经常来看我。3标志词：just now，ago，yesterday，in the past, last week, the other day等。三、现在完成时现在完成时由“have/has_动词的过去分词”构成。1表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果。例如：I have got a letter from my aunt.我已经收到了我姑姑的一封来信。2表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。例如：I have studied English for two years.我已经学习两年英语了。3标志词： already, yet, just, never, ever, so far, “for时间段”， “since时间点”等。.单项填空()1.Do you know the boy over there? Sure. I_ him for years.Aknew Bwill know Chave known Dknown()2.20_南京Hell visit us this weekend. He _ me that by email.Atold Bis told Cwill tell Dwas going to tell解析 A考查动词的时态。句意：“萨姆叔叔什么时候来看我们？”“他将在这个周末来看我们，通过电子邮件他告诉了我。”由语境可知用一般过去时态。故选A。()3. Where is your father?He _ Australia and he _ Sydney for two weeks. Ahas been to; has been in Bhas gone to; will stay in Chas been in; has been to Dhas gone to; has stayed to()4.Are you a soccer player in your school?Yes, I _ the team two years ago and I_ in the team for two years.A have joined; have been Bwas joined; am Cjoined; was Djoined; have been解析 D考查动词的时态。“two years ago”是一般过去时的标志词，故第一空用一般过去时；“for two years”是现在完成时的标志词，故第二空用现在完成时。()5.20_潍坊Next month were going somewhere interesting as soon as the holiday_. Awill begin Bhas begun Cbegins Dis beginning解析 C考查动词的时态。as soon as表示“一就”，引导时间状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，主句用的是将来时，as soon as引导的从句要用一般现在时，故选C。()6.My grandmother _ in Yangzhou. She was born there and has never lived anywhere else.Alived Blives Cwas living Dwill live()7.I know a little about Thailand, as I _ there three years ago.Ahave been Bhave gone Cwill go Dwent解析 D“three years ago”是一般过去时的标志词。故选D。()8.Everyone knows that the sun_ in the east.Arised Brises Craised Draises()9.Mike, why are you watching TV again? I _ my homework.Afinish Bfinished Chave finished Dhad finished()10.Tony _ foodball every weekend when he was young.Aplays Bplayed Cis playing Dhas played()8.Everyone knows that the sun_ in the east.Arised Brises Craised Draises()9.Mike, why are you watching TV again? I _ my homework.Afinish Bfinished Chave finished Dhad finished()10.Tony _ foodball every weekend when he was young.Aplays Bplayed Cis playing Dhas played.用所给词的适当形式填空1Do you know the Englishman? Yes. Ihave known_(know)him for two years.2Her grandpa died (die) when she was 20.320_潍坊He hasn4How many schools hasProject Hope built (build) since 1989? Sorry, I dont know.5So far I _have been (be) to many places in China.模块六语法简单句的基本句型英语是一种结构型语言，以谓语动词为核心构成句型。一、常见的六种基本句型： 1主语系动词表语(状语)此句型中，系动词除了be动词外，常见的还有look(看起来), sound(听起来), taste(尝起来), feel(感觉；摸起来), smell(闻起来变得), turn(变得), get(变得)等，系动词后接形容词或名词作表语。例如：Your watch looks very nice. 你的手表看起来很漂亮。The days get shorter and shorter. 白天变得越来越短了。In spring, the trees turn green. 春天，树变绿了。2主语谓语(不及物动词)状语(副词、名词、介词短语等)此句型中的动词后不可以直接接宾语，这种动词称为不及物动词。例如：His father cooks every day. 他父亲每天做饭。The children are listening quietly. 孩子们在静静地听着。He ran fast in the street. 他在街上跑得飞快。The meeting begins at nine. 会议9点开始。3主语谓语(及物动词)宾语(状语)此句型中的动词可以直接接宾语，这种动词称为及物动词。例如：He didnt like the film. 他不喜欢这部电影。She often helps him. 她经常帮助他。I have already finished reading the book. 我已经读完这本书了。4主语谓语(及物动词)间接宾语直接宾语(状语)此句型中的及物动词后接两个宾语(双宾语)，即指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语。通常情况下，间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。有时，间接宾语也可与介词to或for构成短语，放在直接宾语的后面。例如：Please give me a few apples.Please give a few apples to me.请给我几个苹果。5主语谓语(及物动词)宾语宾语补足语(状语)宾语补足语用来补充说明宾语的行为、特征或状态等，宾语和宾语补足语之间通常有逻辑上的主谓关系。例如：He made all of us laugh. 他使我们都大笑起来。At first I found Chinese quite hard.起初我发现汉语相当难。6Therebe主语(状语)此句型中，be 动词的单复数由后面的主语决定。当有两个或两个以上的主语时，be动词的数与离其最近的主语的数保持一致，即遵循“就近原则”。例如：There are some people in the hall. 大厅里有些人。There is a pen and some books on the desk. 书桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。二、句型说明英语句子以谓语为中心，谓语的前面是行为的执行者，后面接动作的承受者(被动语态除外)。状语可置于句首，也可以置于谓语之后。一般来说，置