unit8cloning全新版大学英语第三册第八单元课件.ppt

Unit8Cloning CulturalNotes CloneAgroupoforganismsorcellsthataregeneticallyidentical havingbeenproducedfromoneparentbyasexualreproduction Artificialcloningofanimalsandcellscanbeachievedbyteasingapartthecellsoftheearlyembryo IngeneticengineeringcloningreferstothecopyingofDNAmolecules geneticengineering Thedeliberatemodificationofthegeneticmake up genome ofanorganismbymanipulationofitsDNA Sincethelate1960sthesetechniqueshaveheldoutthemostexcitingpromiseforbiotechnology PartDivision PartOne Dollythesheep aclone wasborn PartTwo Dolly sbirthhasmadecloningarealityandhumancloningapossibility PartThree Peoplehavetofacetheethicalproblemsofhumancloning PartFour Cloningtechnologycouldbenefitpeopleinmorethanoneway Language Study 1 clone anyofagroupofplantsoranimalsproducedfromthecellsofasingleancestorandthereforeexactlythesameasitis e g Researchersproducedclonesfromadultmicein1998 Althoughtwoclonesareidenticalgenetically theymaydevelopindifferentways e g ResearchersinJapanhaveclonedeightcalvesfromthecellsofasingleadultcow Theideaofcloningextinctlifeformsstillbelongstosciencefiction Experimentstotrytoclonehumanembryoshavemetwithhostilityfromsomesectionsofthepublic 2 givebirthto 1 bear abird bringforthe g Althoughamotherpandaoftengivesbirthtotwocubs sheusuallyabandonsoneofthemwithoutattemptingtocareforit Theresearchhasshownthatmotherswhosmokegivebirthmorefrequentlytoprematureorunderweightbabies create originatee g Theextraordinaryexperiencegavebirthtohislatestnovel Einsteingavebirthtoawholenewwayoflookingatmatterandenergy 3 foralltheworld ineveryrespect exactlye g IfeltforalltheworldasifIwasstillachild Helookedforalltheworldlikeacountrydoctor 4 dot spreadthingsorpeopleinvariousseparateplacesoveranareae g Fromthetopfloorwecouldseethetreesdottingthelandscape Theskywasdottedwithstars n asmallroundmarke g Heforgotthedotontheletteriandsoitlookedlikeand1 Thestarsjustlooklikethousandsoftinydotsoflight 5 union aunitingorbeingunited combination anorganizationofworkersformaparticularprofession anassociationorclub e g Marriageisasociallyrecognizedandapprovedunionbetweenindividuals Laborunionsbargainedwithemployerstodetermineissuessuchaswages conditionsofwork andworkersecurity 6 fuse causeto jointogether followedbywith e g Nearly50percentofthecumuluscellsthatsuccessfullyfusedwithaneggdevelopedintoanadvancedembryo Genesdeterminehowwedevelopfromthemomentthespermfuseswiththeegg 7 gene aunitinachromosomewhichcontrolsinheritedcharacteristicse g Geneticsisthestudyofthefunctionandbehaviorofgenes ThehumanGenomeProjecthastofaridentifiednearlyalloftheestimated31 000genesinthenucleusofahumancell TheDNAisdividedintounitscalledgenes justlikealongtrainisdividedintoseparatecars 8 takeup goandlive moveinto acertainposition e g Thehuntertookuphisquartersinahut Asthecrowdgrew riotpolicetookuptheirpositions UNpeacekeepingforcesareexpectedtotakeuppositionsalongtheAfghanistanborder 9 residence thefactoflivinginaparticularplacee g HetookuphispermanentresidenceinChina Campusresidencehallsprovidecommonsettingsforstudentstoformnewbondswithpeerswhosharesimilarexperiences MoreimmigrantswereadmittedtotheUnitedStatesforpermanentresidenceinrecentyears 10 identical exactlyalikeorequal theverysame followedbyto e g ThejournalistDavidRorvikwroteatruestoryofabillionaire squesttoproduceasonidenticaltohimself AlthoughEurobillsareidenticalinallcountries eachcountrycanissueitsowncoins 11 twin personswhohavethesamemotherandwerebornonthesamedaye g Thetwoboyslookedliketwins Hehasatwinbrotherandayoungerbrother Unlikemyfriend Ithinktherearemanypositiveaspectstobeingatwin 12 beforehand inadvance earliere g Catherinegotmarriedwithouttellinganyonebeforehand Mumhaddonemostofthecookingbeforehand soweweren ttiedtothekitchen 13 oppose expressstrongdisapprovalwiththeaimofpreventingorchangingacourseofaction resiste g Myfatheropposedmywishtobecomeamusician Thelocalresidentsstronglyopposedthechemicalcompaniesdumpingtheirwasteinthesea beopposedto beagainste g Weareutterlyopposedtoanyformofterrorism TheyarestronglyopposedtothepresenceofAmericantroopsinthisregion 14 theoretical concernedwiththetheoryofasubject basedontheorye g Informationtheoryisprimarilyatheoreticalstudy Withhisbrillianttheoreticalwork AlbertEinsteinrevolutionized20thcenturyphysics Aristoledefinedthebasicconceptsandprinciplesofmanyofthetheoreticalsciences suchaslogic biologyandphysics 15 inprinciple asfarasbasicprinciplesareconcernede g Inprinciple clonesmayevenbeessentiallyimmortal dyingonlyfromdiseaseorthedeteriorationoftheenvironment Inprinciple Quantumtheorycouldbeusedtopredictthebehaviorofanyphysical chemical orbiologicalsystem 16 offensive causingsb Tofeelupset insultedorannoyede g Minoritygroupsareprotectedfromhatefulandoffensivespeechandactionsoncampus Tpromise asettlementinwhicheachsidegivesupsomedemandse g Inordertoreducecarbonmonoxideemissionsfrommotorvehiclesbutatthesametiemedeveloptheindustry acompromisewasreached Thetwocountriescontinuedtohavedifficultiesreachingacompromiseonasolutiontotheproblemofacidrain v usedinthepatterns compromisewithsb Oversth compromiseonsth 18 potential thepossibilityofsth Happeningorbeingdevelopede g Thepotentialforabuseofgeneticengineeringhaspresentedsocietywithmanyethicalandlegalcontroversies Thebestsingleindicatorofastate sgreat powerpotentialmaybeitstotalGrossDomesticProduct GDP Volcanoeshavethepotentialtocreatesomeoftheplanet smostformidablenaturaldisasters a thatcan buthasnotyet comeintobeing possiblee g Inlargecitieswithamillionormorepotentialcustomers therearemuchlargerclothingstoreswithmanymorechoicesofitemsandstyles InthearticleWilmutdiscussedpotentialmedicalusesforcloning andethicalissuessurroundingcloningtechnology Scientistscanonlyspeculateonthepotentialimpactofthedepletionoftheozonelayer 19 tolerate allow sth thatonedoesnotliketohappenorcontinue putupwithe g Collegepresidentsentletterstoeverystudentsayingthatdrugsoncampuswouldnotbetolerated Teacherswillnottoleratecheatingonexams justasparentswillnotlettheirchildrenlieandgetawaywithit 20 ancient belongingtotimesthatarelongpaste g Furnituredesignshavereflectedthefashionofveryerafromancienttimestothepresent Hebrewisanancientlanguagethatbecameextinct buthasnowbeenbroughtbacktolifeandisspokentoday 21 catalog alsocatalogue acompletelistofitemse g Usersoutsidethelibrarycanaccessmillionsofbibliographicrecords includingtheentirecardcatalog throughtheInternet DellsellsitsproductsdirectlytocustomersthroughtheInternetandmailordercatalogsratherthanthroughretailoutlets 22 terrify make sb veryfrightenede g FlyinghasterrifiedsomepeoplesincetheterroristsattackontheWorldTradeCenter Thegunman sthreatsterrifiedherintohandingoverthemoney 23 normally undernormalcircumstances ordinarilye g During26yearsofresearchonsharksIhavefoundthemtobenormallyunaggressiveandeventimidtowardman GreatlyaffectedbyE1Nino areasthatarenormallywet suchasIndonesia thePhilippinesandeasternAustraliahaveexperienceddrought 24 mixture acombinationoftwoormorethingsorstylese g AmixtureofculturesformaroundtheworldisreflectedinthestreetfestivalsandethniccelebrationsinNewYorkCity Offspringreceiveamixtureofgeneticinformationfrombothparents Smog amixtureofsmokeandfog irritatestheeyes throat andlungsandalsodamagesplants 25 brilliant veryintelligent extremelyclevere g Withhisbrillianttheoreticalwork AlbertEinsteinrevolutionized20thcenturyphysics ItwashisbrilliantperformanceinHameltthatestablishedhisreputation TheHubbletelescopeisabrilliantnewdevicethatallowsustopeerfarmoredeeplyintoheavens 26 inherit 1 havefeaturesorqualitiesfromanancestore g Althoughallhumanssharethesamesetofgenes individualscaninheritdifferentformsofagivengene makingeachpersongeneticallyunique Deficienciesinimmunefunctionmaybeeitherinheritedoracquired Whilepeoplebiologicallyinheritmanyphysicaltraitsandbehavioralinstincts cultureissociallyinherited 2 receive money property etc ofanancestor e g Hehasnosontoinherithisland Maryinheritedthemoneyformherparents ment awrittenorspokenremarkgivinganopinione g Hewasmakingrudecommentsaboutherhaircut Therehasbeennocommentsofarfrompoliceaboutthebombattackhappeningyesterday v followedbyon e g Thepresidentrefusedtocommentontheissuedofgunviolenceoncampus Theteachercommentedonthefactthatsomestudentswereabsentforclass 28 genius apersonwhohas exceptionallygreatcreativeabilitye g ThomasEdisonisconsideredageniusofinvention Fromtheageofthree sheshowedsignsofgenius 29 atomic concerningatomsortheenergyreleasedbytheme g OnAugust6 1945 theUnitedStatesdroppedanatomicbombonHiroshima Japan Astheatomicnucleiarefusedtogether anextraordinaryamountofenergyisreleased 30 curiosity astrongdesiretoknowandlearn followedbyabout e g Sciencemuseumsstimulatecuriosityandallowpeopletolearnattheirownspace AsayouthEinsteinshowedabrilliantcuriosityaboutnatureandanabilitytounderstanddifficultmathematicalconcepts MydaughtershowedanenthusiasmandcuriosityaboutChinesehistory 31 letloose setfree releasee g Don tletthatdoglooseintheyard asitwillterrifythekids Traineeswillgothroughafour hourlessonbeforetheyareletlooseonthecontrols 32 transplant 1 removetissueoranorganformonepersonoranimalandputitintoanothere g Torepairinjuriessuchasburns skinissometimestransplantedfromoneareaofthebodytoanother Theoperationtotransplantakidneyisnowfairlyroutine 2 removeagrowingplantwithitsrootsandplantitelsewheree g TeawastransplantedfromChinatoIndiaandSriLanka Theseedlingscanbetransplantedwhentheyareboutfourinchestall n transplant ation e g Insomeinstances surgeonsmayperformalungtransplanttosaveapatient slife Cloningmaygenerategeneticallymodifiedanimalorgansthataresuitablefortransplantationintohumans Advancesinorgantransplantationhavebroughtnewhopetothoseafflictedwithdiseasedorgans 33 lashoutat makeasuddenviolentattackatwithblowsorwordse g Helashedoutatthemwithhisfists Itseemedthathewasgoingtolashoutatthesaleswoman buthecontrolledhimself 34 immune 1 protectedagainstthroughthebody snaturalresistance followedbyto e g Thehealthofthebodyisdependentontheimmunesystem sabilitytorecognizeandthendestroybacteriaandviruses Ahealthyimmunesystemprotectsthebodyagainstbacteria viruses andotherharmfulagents ItseemedforawhilethatinfantswereimmunetoAids Mybrotherseemstobeimmunetocolds hejustnevergetsthem 2 notaffectedbysth followedbyto e g Footballisnotimmunetoeconomicrecession 37 startout 1 intendwhenstartinge g Theystartedoutwantingahouse buteventuallyboughtaflat Peterdidn tstartouttoapplyforYaleUniversity itjusthappenedthatway 2 begine g Hestartedoutinthepersonneldepartment laterhewastransferredtothesalesdepartment Shestartedoutasateacherandonlybeganwritinginhisthirties 38 growinto becomegraduallyastimepassese g Withtheconstructionofthehighways thevillageisgrowingintoatown Sheisgrowingintoabeautifulyoungwoman 39 batch theamount ofbread etc producedatonebaking anumberofthingstakenasagroup lote g Thesecondbatchofsugarwasbetterthanthefirst HarvardUniversitybiologistDickEstessuppliedalargebatchoflionphotographstakenfrom1963to1965 Theschoolauthoritieshavelaiddownagreatbatchofrulesandregulations Homework Thankyou