新编英语教程5 unit6 教学课件.ppt

UnitSixTEXTIPreparingforCollege I LibraryWork1 Homer 8thcenturyB C theGreekepicpoettowhomareattributedtheIliadandtheOdyssey thegreatestepicpoetryofalltime TheIliad thetaleofthesiegeofTroy anancientcityinAsiaMinor isanepicpoemintwenty fourbooks TheOdysseyisanepicpoemwhichrecordstheadventuresofOdysseusorUlysses aGreekleaderinthe I LibraryWork TrojanWar alegendarywarwagedanywherefromthe11thtothe14thcenturyB C Itisalsointwenty fourbooks 2 DanteAlighieri 1265 1321 ItalianpoetwhosereputationrestschieflyonTheDivineComedy ca 1309 1320 anepicpoemthatdescribeshisspiritualjourneythroughHellandPurgatoryandfinallytoParadise orthewayofanindividualsoulfromsintopurification I LibraryWork 3 CaiusJuliusCaesar 100 44B C RomangeneralandadministratorwhomadehimselfmasteroftheRomanworldbydefeatingPompeytheGreat 106 48B C theRomangeneralandstatesmanbeforehim CaesarruledsupremeuntilhewasassassinatedbyagroupofconspiratorsheadedbyMarcusBrutusandCassius I LibraryWork 4 RobertOwen 1771 1858 Britishsocialistreformerandfounderofcooperativecommunities HestroveagainstsocialdisordersbroughtaboutbytheIndustrialRevolutionandurgedParliamenttoenactlawsthatwouldalleviatethebadworkingconditionsinBritishfactories Heassistedthetrade I LibraryWork unionmovement Hediscouragedthehiringofchildren Heestablishedacooperativesocietyforthepurchaseandsaleofcommodities andorganizedcooperativecommunitiestocreateabetterenvironment WilliamOwenissaidtobea red orasocialist becauseheisadescendantofRobertOwen I LibraryWork 5 ToriesaremembersorsupportersoftheConservativePartyinGreatBritain ThetermTorywasfirstusedtonameamemberofapoliticalpartyinGreatBritainfromthelate17thcenturytoabout1832thatfavoredtheauthorityofthekingoverParliamentandthepreservationoftheexistingsocialandpoliticalorder ItwassucceededbytheConservativePartyin1832 I LibraryWork 6 Liberalsarepeopleofliberalprinciplesorviews ormembersoftheLiberalPartyinGreatBritain Liberalsfavorprogressorreform asinpoliticalorreligiousaffairs I LibraryWork 7 ARomanCatholicisamemberoftheRomanCatholicChurch thepartoftheChristianChurchwhichacknowledgesthePopeasitshead CatholicismdiffersfromProtestantismintheimportanceitgrantstotradition ritual andtheauthorityofthePope I LibraryWork 8 AProtestantisamemberoftheProtestantChurch whichisanyoftheChristianchurchesthatareseparatefromtheRomanCatholicChurch TheProtestantsrejecttheauthorityofthePopeorpapacy 教皇统治 TheyfindauthorityinthetextoftheBible II OrganizationoftheText 1 HefailedinanumberofexaminationsrequiredforenteringtheUniversityofCaliforniaandthecauseofit Paragraphs1 4 2 Hisprivatetutor Mr Nixon exertedgreatinfluenceonhim heencouragedhispupiltothinkanddiscoverallbyhimself Paragraphs5 12 II OrganizationoftheText 3 HefoundthebestpreparationsforcollegeinthestimulatingSaturdaynightconversationsamongallthoseOxfordandCambridgemen Paragraphs13 15 III KeyPointsoftheText Paragraph1tobeputoffforayear tobedelayedforayearputsth off delaydoingsth E g Neverputofftilltomorrowwhatyoucandotoday 今日事今日毕 Iwasnotofthem Iwasnotlikethem Iwasnotoftheirkind Paragraph2 sofarasIcouldmakeout sofarasIcouldunderstandmakeout understand see orhearE g Thatproblemisjustbeyondme Ican tmakeitout Hemutteredacomplaintthatnobodycouldmakeout Paragraph2 theylookeddazedorindifferent theylookedconfused bewilderedoruninterested unconcernedDazeisoftenusedinthepassive Tobedazedistobemadeunabletothinkorfeelclearly E g Hisanswertothequestionleftusalldazed Paragraph2 indifferent notinterestedin notcaringaboutE g Weshouldnotbeindifferenttothelowachieversinschool foreigntome unfamiliarandstrangetome unknowntome notwithinmyexperience Thisistheformaluseofthewordforeign Paragraph2 E g Hisconceptofeducationisentirelyforeigntous FromSteffens sdescriptionof theelect inParagraph2 whathasbeenrevealedabouthimself Paragraph2 Hemustbeverydifferentfromthoseboys Tohimstudydidnotmeanperformingallthetasksassignedbytheteacherwithoutthinkingandreasoning Hemustbeunhappytobetoldtomemorizewhathewassupposedtolearnwithoutathoroughunderstanding Paragraph2 Hewasmotivatedbyastrongquestforknowledge notbythedesiretodistinguishhimselfintermsofmarks Paragraph2 Whatkindofschoolhadhisfatherchosen Whywasitwrongforhim Itwasthetypeofschoolwherestudentswereexpectedto dotheirduty thatis toperformallthetasksassignedbytheteacherwithoutthinkingandreasoning Paragraph2 teachersusuallyaskedtheirstudentstomemorizethingswithoutathoroughunderstanding studentsweremotivatedbythedesiretodistinguishthemselvesintermsofmarks tobeattheotherfellows standhigh Paragraph3 bearon berelevantto havesomeconnectionwith relatetoE g Didwhathesaidbearonyourproblem forkeeps Thisphraseisusedinformally meaning forever permanently forgood Paragraph3 E g CanIhaveoneofthosecutemementos 漂亮的纪念品 Sure Thisoneisyours forkeeps Paragraph4 appealto attract interestE g HisplanofspendingourwintervacationinanorphanagetocoachthechildrenthereinEnglishappealedtoallofus Appealhasdifferentmeaningsindifferentcontexts Paragraph4 E g TheMunicipalGovernmentappealedto requested theresidentstosavewaterlastsummer Thedefendantdefiedtheverdict theofficialdecisionmadebyajuryinacourtoflaw andappealedto 上诉 thehighercourt 被告对法庭的裁决不服 向高一级法院提起上诉 Paragraph4 therudiments thebasics thefundamentals Thewordrudimentsisalwaysinthepluralformwhenusedinthissense 基础 基本原理 初级阶段 入门 Paragraph4 E g therudimentsofgrammar语法入门therudimentsofphysics物理学基本原理therudimentsofaplan计划的雏形therudimentsofcivilization文明的萌芽 Paragraph4 WhenIknockedatthecollegegates Iwaspreparedforacollegeeducationinsomebranches mymindwashungryenoughfortheanswerstosomeprofoundquestionstohavemademeworkanddevelopmyself especiallyon Paragraph4 lineswhichIknownowhadnoreadyanswers onlymoreandevermorequestions WhenIgotreadytoentercollege Iwasexpectingacollegeeducationinsomedefinitefields Iwasveryeagertoknowtheanswerstosomequestionsdifficulttounderstand and Paragraph4 thathasmademeworkandimprovemyself especiallyinareasofstudywheretherewerenopromptanswers buttherewereendlessquestions Paragraph4 metaphysics thebranchofphilosophythatdealswithabstractconcepts etc 形而上学 玄学IwasnotintheleastcuriousaboutGreek Iwasn teagertolearnGreek atall Paragraph4 notintheleast notatallE g Lotsofpeoplelovetoreadsciencefiction butI mnotintheleastinterested Thetextbeginswithhisfailuretogetintouniversity Whatcausedhisfailure InfermainlyfromParagraphs3and4 Paragraph4 Hewasnotinterestedinthosesubjectswhichseemedtohimirrelevanttohislife andtheteachersfailedtointeresthiminthosesubjects Asaresult hedidnotdowellinthem Thispartlyaccountedforhisfailure Paragraph5 tobecrammedforBerkeley tobestuffedwithasmuchbookknowledgeaspossibleformetopasstheentranceexaminationoftheUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeleycram learnasmuchaspossibleinashorttimejustbeforetheexamination Paragraph5 E g Learningisalong rangeprocess Crammingforanexaminationinthelastminutedoesonenogood retain law toemploy alawyer toactforone bypayinginadvance付定金聘定 律师等 付定金保留E g retainsb asone slegalcounsel聘定某人为法律顾问 Paragraph5 retainone sroomsfortheholidays付定金以在外出度假时保留房间aretainingfee律师费allthepoetsofalltheages allthepoetsofallperiodsinhistoryCompare ofalltheages不同的历史时代ofallages不同的年龄 Paragraph5 ecstasy astateof verystrongfeeling especiallyofjoyandhappiness狂喜 入迷 inecstasies欣喜若狂 处于狂热状态E g inanecstasyofdelight欣喜若狂inanecstasyofgrief悲痛欲绝gointoecstasywhenmeditating沉思冥想出了神 Paragraph6 Whatistheantecedentofthepronoun it inthefirstsentenceofParagraph6 Apartfromreferringtoitsantecedent whatcohesivefunctiondoesitperform It referstothechangethathadcomeoverhim It linkstheparagraphwiththeprecedingone Paragraph6 consciousculture thecultures i e customs arts socialinstitutions andachievementsofaparticularpeopleorsocialgroupornation thatisdirectlyperceptibleorknowntousfanatic onewhoisveryenthusiasticaboutaparticularactivity Paragraph6 romanceandlanguagesangsongstome Ienjoyedromanceandlanguagesomuchthattheywerelikesongssungtome Paragraph6 inspire encourageinsomebodythedesireandabilitytotakeeffectiveactionbyfillingwitheagerness confidence etc E g ThePartysecretary swordsinspiredustoworkstillharder togreaterefforts Paragraph6 WhenhereadorrecitedGreekversetheGreekscametolife romanceandlanguagesangsongstome andIwasinspiredtobelikehim notaheronorevenapoet butaGreekscholar andthusaninstrumentonwhichbeautifulwordsmightplay Paragraph6 WhenhereadorrecitedGreekpoetry itseemedthatwhatwasdescribedintheversebecamealive boththeromanticideasandthepoeticallinessoundedlikebeautiful Paragraph6 music andI justlikehim wasmotivatedtobeneitheraheroinpoetrynorapoetwhocreatedpoetry butonlyastudentofGreekcultureandpoetry insuchawaythatIwouldbeabletointerpretGreekpoetry Paragraph6 Itwastoogreatandtoovariousformetopersonifywithmyboyishimitationsandheroism LifewassogoodandsodifferentinkindthatIwasnotabletoexpresswhatitwaslikewithmyyouthfulmindandboldness Paragraph6 personify expressorrepresent aqualityinhumanform bea perfect exampleof象征 体现 成 典型 Paragraph8 sedentary inactive donewhilesittingdown需久坐的 贯坐的 Paragraph11 underline indicatetheimportanceof emphasizewhenIlooked balked whenIlooked thwarted 畏缩 退缩 frustrated 灰心丧气 balk stoporintentionallygetinthewayof畏缩 突然停止 回避balked here baffled frustrated Paragraph11 E g Shecouldhardlyremembernowwhathappenedtoherrightafterthenotificationofherson smissinginaction Nightmareridesofbalkingmiserywhichclatteredoverwidefieldsandhillsoftherubbleddying Paragraph11 她现在几乎无法记起一收到儿子在战斗中下落不明的通知之后她自己怎么样了 噩梦中 痛苦使马畏缩不前 她骑在马上哒哒地走遍广阔的躺满在碎砖烂瓦中正在死去的人的田野和山丘 Paragraph12 Goto boy Theworldisyours Nothingisdone nothingisknown Thegreatestpoemisn twritten thebestrailroadisn tbuiltyet theperfectstatehasn tbeenthoughtof Everythingremainstobedone right everything Comeon boy Theworldbelongstoyou youareexpectedtodocreative Paragraph12 thinkingandtoactcreativelyfortheworld Thereisstillalottobeaccomplished andalottobefoundout Nopoemwrittencanbecalledthegreatestandnorailroadbuiltcanbethebest Theperfectstatehasyettobeconceived Everythinghasyettobedone Paragraph13 amaddeninglot awild uncontrollablegrouprighteoussects morallyjustifiablegroupsofpeoplewhosereligiousbeliefsareconsidereddifferentfromthoseofalargergroup正义的派别 Paragraph13 righteous ofapersonorhisbehavior doingwhatis morallygoodandjust正直的 正当的clinch inthesportofboxing thepositionofthetwofighterswhenholdingeachothertootightly withthearms 拳击等的 钳住对手 Paragraph13 E g getintoaclinch扭成一团withasurenesswhichwithstoodreferencetothebooks withsuchacertaintythattheydidnothavetorefertothesourceofthequotation 他们在引用权威人士所述时是 如此地肯定 他们不必提及引文的出处 Paragraph13 withstand holdoutagainst standupto notbechangedbyE g Buildingsinthisareashouldbeabletowithstandearthquakes 顶得住地震 Greatworksofart literaryworkscanalwayswithstandthetestoftime 经得起时间的考验 Paragraph13 papalbull anofficialdocumentissuedbythePope theheadoftheRomanCatholicChurch papal ofthePopeorofthepapacy罗马教皇的bull asolemnofficialletterfromthePope教皇训令 Paragraph13 verbatim wordforword inexactlythesamewordsE g copyitverbatim逐字地抄录reportaspeechverbatim逐字地报道一篇演说averbatimreprint毫无改动的再版 Paragraph13 HowdoesthemanEvelynNixonimpressyou Supportyouranswerwithinformationfromthetext Forsupportinginformation refertoParagraphs6to13 Paragraph13 Awell informedOxfordscholar agodteacher whoknewhowtointeresthisstudentinwhathehadtolearn acreativeandoriginalman whowasnotsatisfiedwithwhatwasknown butwasmoreinterestedintheexplorationanddiscoveryoftheunknown Paragraph13 Theteacherhasturnedouttohaveformedachangeoverme Howhasheachievedthis Forsupportinginformation refertoParagraphs6to13 Heencouragedmetoexploreintotheunknownworld heknowshowtointeresthisstudentinwhathehastolearn Paragraph13 heencouragedmetolistentothestimulatingSaturdaynightconversationsamongallthoseOxfordandCambridgemen Paragraph13 Despitetheirsimilarbackground theEnglishmenwhometattheSaturdaynightgatheringshad nocommonopiniononanythingapparently Paragraph13 Bywhichsentenceinthesameparagraphisthisfactrestated Whydoestheauthorseemtoemphasizethispoint Paragraph13 Theycouldnotamongthemagreeonanythingbutafact Toemphasizetheoriginalityofthesesearchingmindsandtheinfinitenatureofthepursuitofknowledge Paragraph14 ItwasconversationIwashearing thefree passionate wittyexchangesofstudiedmindsaspolishedasfinetools Theywerealwayscourteous notwoeverspoketogether therewerenoasides theyalltalkedtothequestionbeforethehouse andwhiletheywereonthejobofexpositionanyone regardlessofhisside Paragraph14 wouldcontributehisquotaoffacts orhisremembranceofsomephilosopher sopinionorsomepoet sperfectphrasefortheelucidationorthebeautificationofthetheme WhatIwashearingwastheunrestrained earnest andsparklinginterchangesofgreatintellectassharpasfirst ratetools Paragraph14 Theywerealwayspolite speakingoneatatime noonespoketoanyoneinsecretandnoonedigressed theyallspokewhentherewasanissueeveryonewasinterestedin andwhiletheywereexplainingsomething anyone nomatterwhetherhewasfororagainsttheissue wouldtellotherswhatheknewabouta Paragraph14 philosopher sopinionorapoet sphraseinordertoclarifyortobeautifythetheme studiedmindsaspolishedasfinetools greatintellectualfaculties greatmentalcapacitiesasflawlessasfirst classtoolspolish makeorbecomesmoothandshinybycontinualrubbing磨光 擦亮 Paragraph14 aside wordsspokenbyanactortothosewatchingtheplay andnotintendedtobeheardbytheothercharacters digression旁白 离题的话quota astatednumberofamount oralimitonnumbers配额 限额 定额 定量E g fulfillaquota完成定额 Paragraph14 fill meet aquota达到定额 或限额 havequotasonproductslikepaperorspecialtysteel对纸 特种钢之类的产品规定限额over fulfillthequota超额完成thequotasystem定额分配制 Paragraph14 elucidation theactofexplainingormakingclear adifficultyormystery 阐明 解释relish greatenjoyment especiallyoffood pleasureandsatisfaction乐趣 享乐E g Heatewithgreatrelish 他吃得津津有味 Paragraph14 Shetookrelishinshowingherfriendsherjewelry 她以向朋友炫示自己的珠宝首饰为乐 Theboyhasnorelishforsports 这男孩不喜欢体育运动 Paragraph14 WhydoesSteffenssaythatthosewonderfulSaturdaynightsinSanFranciscowerehispreparationsforcollege RefertoParagraphs14and15 Theconversationsheheardwerebrilliant scholarly andstimulating thusgreatlybroadeninghisscopeofknowledge And Paragraph14 thewayinwhichtheconversationswerecarriedonwasinspiring too Theyweremuchmorebeneficialtohimthanthekindofschooleducationhehadreceived Paragraph15 void adeepemptyspace空间 空虚处E g vanishintothevoid消失得无影无踪fillthevoid填补空白feelavoidinone slife感到生活空虚anachingvoidinsb sheart某人内心空落落的痛苦感觉 Paragraph15 explicit ofastatement rule etc clearandfullyexpressed清楚的 明确的Compare implicit TextIILettertoaBStudent I OrganizationoftheText1 ReasonsforadisappointinggradeB Paragraphs1 2 a Thenormhasshiftedupward 1 b Winninghascometoassumeunprecedentedimportanceinthecurrentsociety 2 I OrganizationoftheText 2 Thepurposeofwritingtheletter toputtherecipient sdisappointmentinperspectivebyconsideringexactlywhathisgrademeans Paragraphs3 8 a Gradeisafuzzysymbolrepresentingaquestionablejudgmentofone smasteryofthesubject 3 4 I OrganizationoftheText b Graderepresentsnojudgmentofone sbasicabilityorcharacter 5 8 analogy 5 6 example 7 8 3 Correctinterpretationofgrade subspecieaeternitatis Paragraphs9 11 II KeyPointsoftheText Paragraph1eligibility qualification qualityofbeingfittobechosen资格 Paragraph2 repute oftenformal goodorbadreputation 好的或坏的 名声 名誉E g Heisadoctorofgreatrepute 他是个很有声望的医生 Iknowhimbyrepute notpersonally 我只是闻其名 跟他并无私交 Paragraph2 Sheisapersonoflowreputehere 她在这儿名声不好 throughgoodandevilrepute不管舆论如何 不管人们怎样认为bewell ill reputed有好 坏 名声inhigh low repute声望高 低 Paragraph2 Comparereputation generalopinionaboutthequalitiesofaperson名誉 声誉 名声E g Hehasanexcellentreputationasadoctor 作为医生 他享有盛名 Shehasgainedquiteareputation forherself asacook 她当厨师手艺好 很有名气 Paragraph2 azero sumgame agameinwhichwhateverisgainedbyonesideislostbytheother得失所系的赌赛E g azero sumconflictorsituation得失所系的冲突或局面offset balance makeupfor补偿 抵消 Paragraph2 E g Thegainsoffsetthelosses 得失相当 Theirwageincreaseswouldbeoffsetbyhigherprices 他们增加的工资会被物价上涨所抵消 Paragraph2 gounder ofashiporfloatingobject tosink togodown ofabusinessofperson tofailorgetintodifficulties 船等 沉没 商行等 倒闭 失败 垮掉E g Thefirmwentunderintheeconomiccrisis 这家商行在经济危机中倒闭了 Paragraph2 Shehassomanyworries sheissuretogounder 她有那么多事要操心 身体非垮掉不可 salvation thesavingorstateofbeingsavedfromthepowerandeffectofevil sin 灵魂的拯救 Paragraph4 fuzzy notclearinshape especiallyattheedges misty模糊的E g afuzzyphoto模糊的照片afuzzysound模糊的声音afuzzypolicy含混的政策I malittlefuzzyonthedetails 在细节方面我不太清楚 Paragraph5 Inshortsupply scarce供应不足E g Ammunitionwasinextremely 或desperately shortsupply 弹药极度缺乏 Itdemandspatience alwaysinshortsupply 它需要耐心 而人们却总是缺乏这一东西 Paragraph7 makeapointofdoingsomething alsomakeitapointtodosomething takeparticularcaretodosomething打定主意做某事 总是要做某事E g Hemakesitapointtolookashealthyandattractiveashecan 他始终尽可能使自己显得身体健康又富有魅力 Paragraph7 Hemakesapointofalwaysbeingpunctual 他总是很准时 YoumakeapointofforgettingeverythingIhavesaid 你老是把我说过的话忘得精光 Andyetitexplainedwhyshemadesuchapointofstartingfromhomeat Paragraph7 justthesametimeeachweek soasnottobelatefortheperformance 然而这解释了她为什么每一个星期都要这样特意在同一时间离家 是为了不误演出 flunk informal especiallyAmE tofail anexaminationorstudycourse 使某人不及格 给某人打不及格分数 Paragraph7 E g Hernotfollowingtheinstructionsflunkedher 她由于不照指示做没考及格 Heflunkedchemistryexamination 他化学考试不及格 flunkout 口 因不及格 使 退学E g Heflunkedoutofflighttraining 他从飞行训练中被淘汰 Paragraph8 in outofperspective a showingthecorrect incorrectrelationshipbetweenvisibleobjects可见物体的位置或比例正确 不正确 按照 不按照 透视法E g drawthebuildingsinperspective按比例画某建筑物 Paragraph8 Thattreeontheleftofthepictureisoutofperspective 画中左边那棵树不合比例 b inawaythatdoesnotexaggerateanyaspect thatexaggeratessomeaspects不夸大 夸大 恰当 不恰当 Paragraph8 E g Heseesthingsintheirrightperspective 他观察事物很正确 seetheeventsintheirhistoricalperspective用历史的观点看待这些事件getthingsbadlyoutofperspective处事极为失当 Paragraph9 hew shapesomethingbychopping将某物砍成或劈成某种形状E g roughlyhewntimber粗劈的木材hewastatuefrommarble用大理石凿刻成石像 Paragraph10 hamper preventthefreemovementoractivityofsomebody hindersomebodyorsomething束缚 某人 妨碍 某人 某事 E g Ourprogresswashamperedbythebadweather 我们前进时受到了恶劣天气的阻碍 Paragraph10 IcefloeshamperbargetrafficontheElbeRiver 大片浮冰妨碍了易北河上的驳船交通 Paragraph11 exactitude over correctness极端的正确性或精确性E g Hespokewithpompousexactitude 他以自视绝对正确的口吻说话 amanofexactitude十分严格的人tattoo tattooedpictureorpattern刺在皮肤上的图案 文身 Paragraph11 reading formalannouncementofsomethingtoanaudience向公众正式宣布的事物 告白E g thereadingofawill marriagebanns etc 遗嘱 结婚等的启事