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Unit 4 Body language(一)课前自主学习.阅读单词知其意1flight n 飞行；航班2cheek n纵联1 面颊3dash vi. 猛冲；突进4posture n. 姿势；体态5crossroads n. 十字路口6frown vi. 皱眉；蹙额7fist n. 拳头8yawn vi. 打呵欠9respectful adj. 恭敬的10subjective adj. 主观的11rank n. 等级；军衔12cassette n. 磁带13employee n. 雇员14misread vt. 读错；误解15facial adj. 面部的16canteen n. 食堂.重点单词写其形1dormitory n. 宿舍2major adj.纵联2 主要的3approach vt.&vi. 接近；靠近；走近n. 接近；方法；途径4likely adj.纵联3 可能的5hug vi.&vt. 拥抱6function n. 作用；功能；职能vi. 起作用；运转 7represent vt. 代表；象征8simply adv. 简单地；只9ease n. 安逸；舒适vt. 减轻(痛苦、忧虑)10adult n. 成人；成年人adj. 成人的；成熟的.拓展单词通其变1statement n陈述；说明state v陈述；说明 n州；状况2greet vi.&vt.迎接；问候greeting n问候；招呼3association n社团；联系；联想associate vt.把联系起来4curious adj.好奇的curiously adv.好奇地curiosity n好奇；好奇心5defend vt.保护；保卫defence n防御；保卫6misunderstand vt.误解；误会misunderstanding n误解；误会7spoken adj.口语的unspoken adj.未说出口的；非口语的8anger n怒气； 怒火angry adj.生气的9truly adv.真实地；真诚地；真正地true adj.真实的truth n真实；真理纵联4纵联1.常见“人体部位及器官”名词一览cheek面颊 forehead额头chest胸部 shoulder肩膀throat喉咙 stomach胃纵联2.以or结尾的形容词扫描major主要的 minor次要的junior身份或地位低的 senior身份或地位高的superior更好的；更高的纵联3.后缀ly构成的形容词集锦likely可能的 costly昂贵的daily日常的 friendly友好的lively活泼的 lovely可爱的weekly每周的 brotherly兄弟般的纵联4.以e结尾的形容词去掉字母e加ly或直接加ly变为副词荟萃truetruly possiblepossiblyfortablefortably gentlegentlysimplesimply entireentirelypletepletely fortunatefortunatelywidewidely ruderudely单元话题肢体语言子话题1身体部位shoulder n肩；肩膀 finger n手指wrist n手腕 neck n颈；脖子waist n腰；腰部 lip n嘴唇palm n手掌 arm n手臂；胳膊子话题2身体动作drag v拖；拉；拽；扯 nod n&v.点头clap n&v.鼓掌；拍手 pat vt.轻拍wave v挥手 glance vi.看一下；扫视observe v观察；观测 cough vi.咳嗽sigh vi.叹息；叹气 wipe vt.擦；揩学考对接活学活用高考采撷(一)阅读中的词汇应用1(2018江苏高考阅读C)If you want to disturb the car industry, youd better have a few billion dollars: Momandpop carmakers are unlikely to beat the biggest car panies. But in agriculture, small farmers can get the best of the major players.写出unlikely在本单元的反义词：likely写出加黑词在本句中的含义：主要的， major还可用作名词，意为“主修科目”2(2018北京高考阅读D)The possibility of selfdriving robot cars has often seemed like a futurists dream, years away from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for panies to test (true) selfdriving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for panies to sell or rent out selfdriving cars, and for panies to operate driverless taxi services.用true的适当形式填空：truly，要注意其副词变换形式写出加彩词在本单元的同根名词：statement，意为“陈述”高考采撷(二)写作中的词汇应用(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)1(2016北京高考书面表达)事实上，他鼓励我在大学主修英语，成为中国和世界沟通的桥梁。 (major)In_fact,_he_inspired_me_to_major_in_English_in_college,_to_be_a_bridge_between_China_and_the_world.2(2014安徽高考书面表达)第二，到户外和朋友一起进行体育锻炼是一种有效的排解生气的方式。(anger)Second,_going_outdoors_and_playing_team_games_with_your_friends_as_physical_exercise_is_an_effective_way_to_get_rid_of_anger. (二)课堂重点释疑1represent vt.代表；象征；描绘；声称记牢(1)represent .as/to be . 宣称为； 把描绘成represent/on behalf of sb. 代表某人represent sth. to sb. 向某人说明或传达某事(2)representative n. 代表；译员adj. 典型的； 有代表性的练通单句语法填空She represents her mother as the kindest mother in the world.In the afternoon, you together with some of our student representatives (represent) are going to visit the Haihe River and enjoy the beautiful scenery there.写美一句多译(20176月浙江高考写作)我非常高兴代表班级邀请你参加我们的郊游活动。Id like to represent_my_class and invite you to join us in the outing.(represent)On_behalf_of_my_class,_Id like to invite you to join us in the outing.(behalf)2curious adj.好奇的记牢(1)be curious about对感到好奇be curious to do sth. 渴望做某事(2)curiosity n. 好奇；好奇心with curiositycuriously 好奇地out of curiosity 出于好奇(3)curiously adv. 好奇地练通单句语法填空(2016北京高考)In high school, I became curious about the puter, and built my first website.People gathered round, curious to_know (know) what was happening.(2018天津高考)A childs day is filled with fascination, newness and wonder. Curiosity (curious) gave us all a natural awareness.Curiously (curious) enough, the same thing happened again a year later exactly.写美补全句子(2015全国卷书面表达)美国的高中生生活是一个不错的选择，因为中国的学生对美国学生的学校生活非常好奇。The life of American high school students is a good choice because Chinese students are_curious_about_the_school_life_of_American_students.3approach vt.&vi.接近；靠近；走近 n接近；方法；途径记牢(1)an approach to .接近；近似；的方法/途径at the approach of 在快到的时候(2)approach sb./sth. 靠近/接近某人/某物be approaching 正在/将要接近练通单句语法填空The job market has changed and our approaches to finding (find) work must change as well.Approaching (approach) the city centre, we saw a stone statue of about 10 metres in height.All the approaches (approach) to the airport were blocked by the police yesterday.补全句子As_the_Spring_Festival_is_approaching,_we are getting busier and busier.随着春节的临近，我们变得越来越忙。用准an approach to中的to为介词， 后面要跟名词或动名词作宾语。写美词汇/句式升级As the College Entrance Examination is drawing near, some students are getting more and more nervous.With_the_College_Entrance_Examination_approaching/around_the_corner,_some students are getting more and more nervous.(升级加彩词；with 复合结构)联想注意下面“(做)某事的方法”的正确搭配：the approach to (doing) sth.the way to do/of (doing) sth.the means of (doing) sth.the method of (doing) sth.4defend vt.保护；保卫；辩护记牢(1)defend .from/against保护以免受；防御defend oneself 为自己辩护；自卫(2)defence n. 防御；保卫in defence of 为了保卫；为辩护练通单句语法填空When the dog attacked me, I defended myself (I) with a stick.They help the body defend itself against/from some kinds of infections.The monument is in memory of the soldiers who died in defence of their country.单句改错The monument is in memory of the soldiers who died in defend of their country.defenddefence用准defend, defence表示“保卫，防御”，后接入侵者或造成危害者用介词against；若接被保护者用介词of。写美补全句子竭尽全力保护孩子免受伤害是母亲的天性。It is the nature of a mother to do all she can to_defend_her_child_from_harm_and_danger.5major adj.主要的；重要的n.专业vi.主修记牢(1)major in主修(2)majority n. 多数；大多数in the/a majority 占大多数a/the majority of 大多数练通 单句语法填空(20186月浙江高考)As a graduate majoring (major) in the English language, I feel excited to write this letter for the position.In that pany I once worked, women workers were in the majority.写美词汇升级Generally speaking, if you look at the audience at a classical concert, most of them are over the age of fifty.(升级加彩词汇)Generally speaking, if you look at the audience at a classical concert, the_majority_of them are over the age of fifty.词汇过关综合训练 .单词拼写1Mr. Brown is a highly educated man so he didnt express his anger (怒火) before the guests yesterday.2According to his statement (陈述), children under 16 are not allowed to join the club.3Tom is likely (可能的) to e this weekend so we must make some preparations in advance.4Even if Jack was misunderstood (误解) by his friends, he didnt tell them the truth.5Its known that facial (面部的) expressions and body language can express your feelings at the same time.6At the meeting they discussed three different approaches (方法) to the study of mathematics.7Linda and I, representing (代表) our class, will take part in the contest to be held this weekend.8As you know, smoking is one of the major (主要的) causes of cancer, so youd better give it up.9The function (功能) of the heart is to pump blood through the body.10The couple hugged (拥抱) each other when they heard the exciting news.单句语法填空1The study shows that there is a close association (associate) between smog and lung cancer.2At first sight, there is nothing special about this watch, but in fact its a mobile phone with various functions (function)3I was truly (true) inspired by his words and determined to work harder to catch up with others.4Hearing the noise, the boy stopped and looked up to the sky curiously (curious)5Being_misunderstood (misunderstand) by others when you do nothing wrong at all is quite a bad experience.6The clerk greeted James and his wife with a smile when they came into the bank.7The teacher often asks us to make use of every chance we get to improve our spoken (speak) English.8Susan hugged (hug) her mother goodbye and got on the train with tears in her eyes.根据汉语提示补全句子/一句多译1众所周知，孩子对周围的一切充满了好奇心。(curiosity)As we all know, children are_full_of_curiosity about everything around them.2这些绿色屏障不但改变了北京的面貌，而且保护着它免受沙漠的侵蚀。(defend)These green barriers not only change the look of Beijing but also defend_it_against/from_the_desert.3我非常高兴代表我们学校告诉你们有关这些活动的一些事宜。Representing_our_school,_Im glad to tell you something about these activities.(represent)On_behalf_of_our_school,_Im glad to tell you something about these activities.(behalf).语境辨义根据语境选出rank的词性和词义1In this situation it is necessary to rank the projects._C_2She was not used to mixing with people of high social rank._A_3He was soon promoted to the rank of captain._B_(一)课前自主学习1be_curious_about对感到好奇2defend_._against 防御；保卫以免受3on_the_contrary 相反地4be_likely_to 很可能；有希望5in_general 串记1 总的来说；通常6get_close_to 接近；靠近7as_if 好像8at_ease 舒适；快活；自由自在9turn_ones_back_to 背对；背弃10lose_face 串记2 丢脸同根短语串记串记1.表示“通常；总之”的词语大全in general通常 on the whole总之in a word总之 all in all总之in conclusion总之 in short/brief总之；简言之to sum up总之 to conclude总之串记2.变“脸”真神奇lose face 丢脸make a face 做个鬼脸face to face 面对面in (the) face of 面对(问题、困难、危险等)save ones face 挽回面子be faced with 面对1move close to sb.向某人靠近2put up ones hands 举起手3introduce oneself 自我介绍4shake hands with sb. 与某人握手5stand close to sb. 站的离某人近6express ones feelings 表达某人的情感7facial expressions 面部表情8be willing to_do sth. 乐意做某事1The_first_person_to_arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.第一个到达的是来自哥伦比亚的托尼加西亚，随后紧跟着的是英国的朱莉娅史密斯。2Not_all_cultures_greet each other the same way, nor are they fortable in the same way with touching or distance between people.各种文化背景下人们互致问候的方式不尽相同，身体接触和相互间距离的程度也并不一样。3However, people from places like Spain, Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are_more_likely_to_touch them.不过，来自西班牙、意大利或南美等国的人会站在离别人很近的地方，而且可能会(用身体)接触对方。学考对接活学活用高考采撷(一)阅读中的短语和句式(补全句子)1(2018北京高考阅读七选五)People who have personality traits that connect with petitiveness and low upset tolerance are_much_more_likely_to_get_angry (更有可能生气)2(2014全国卷阅读A)Students are being dared to draw a picture, write an article, take a photo or write a poem that shows what they are_curious_about (对感到好奇)高考采撷(二)写作中的句式(补全句子)1(2015安徽高考书面表达)我十分愿意采访他，因为他不仅仅是第一个到太空的中国人，还是世界上最伟大的宇航员之一。(the first .to do)I would really like to interview him because he is not only the_first_Chinese_to_go_to_space but also one of the greatest astronauts in the world.2(2014四川高考书面表达)考试很可能会像预期的那样顺利，我进入我最喜欢的大学的梦想将会实现。(likely)The exams are_likely_to_work_out as expected and my dream to be admitted into my favorite university will e true.(二)课堂重点释疑短语集释1in general总的来说；通常记牢(1)as a general rule一般而言；通常generally speaking 总体而言；一般而言(2)on the wholeto sum up 总的来说as a whole 就整体来看；一般地说in a word 总之in short/brief 简而言之；总之练通单句语法填空Were trying to raise awareness about the environment in general and air pollution in particular.As a general rule, the more expensive the puter is, the better it is.用准in general意为“总的来说，通常”，常常作插入语，可放在句首或句中。写美一句多译总体来说，酒后开车的人的数量越来越少。 Generally_speaking,_the number of the people who drive after drinking is smaller and smaller.In_general,_the number of the people who drive after drinking is smaller and smaller.2at ease舒适；快活；自由自在记牢(1)feel at ease感到心情放松put sb. at ease 使某人放松take ones ease 休息；轻松一下(2)with ease 轻易地；毫不费力地(3)ease ones mind 使某人安心ease sb. of sth. 减轻某人的(痛苦、负担等)练通单句语法填空At first, he didnt feel at ease in the strange surroundings.We live in an age when more information is available with greater ease than ever before.I eased him of his difficulty by telling him what to do.用准at ease既可作表语，又可作状语；with ease只能作状语。写美补全句子当你感到紧张时，你最好听一些轻音乐使自己放松一下。When you feel nervous, youd_better_listen_to_some_light_music_to_put_yourself_at_ease.句式集释1the first/last (one/person) to do sth.“第一个/最后一个做某事的人”教材原句The_first_person_to_arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.悟拓展例句(1)If I have any further news, you will be the first person to_know (know)(2)There was no signal in that faraway village and all my attempts to_contact (contact) you failed.(3)She has only a little room to_live (live) in.(4)The ability to_express (express) an idea is as important as the idea itself.析用法规则(1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰时或前有the next, the only, the last等时，常用不定式作后置定语。(2)动词不定式作定语要放在所修饰的名词或代词之后。(3)作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具，不定式后面须加相应的介词。(4)动词不定式作定语用来修饰的词是抽象名词，常见的有：ability, chance, ambition, offer, anxiety, answer, reply, attempt, belief等。背写作佳句(1)In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.(要点句)(2)He is always the first to bear hardships and the last to enjoy forts.(要点句)2be likely to do sth.“有可能做某事”教材原句However, people from places like Spain, Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are_more_likely_to_touch them.悟拓展例句(1)That means the price is likely to_go (go) down because of the petition.(2)If you can find suitable learning methods, your learning efficiency is likely to_be_improved (improve)(3)If you grow up in a large family, you are more likely to develop the ability to get on well with others.If you grow up in a large family, it_is_more_likely_that you develop the ability to get on well with others.(4)I have learned that Mr. Brown disagrees with you. Your suggestion is unlikely (like) to be accepted under present condition.析用法规则用法归纳(1)sb./sth.be likely to do sth. 某人/某物很可能做某事its likely that . 很可能(2)unlikely adj. 不大可能发生的be unlikely to . 不可能注意事项likely用于“it is likely that .”和“sb./sth. be likely to do sth.”句型中，但不用于“it is likely for sb./sth. to do sth.”句型中。背写作佳句(1)(2018全国卷书面表达)It is likely that you make your friends feel embarrassed if you dont know Chinese table manners.(要点句)(2)Evidence has been found through years of study that childrens early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.(要点句)词块、句式过关综合训练 .选词填空1Alice didnt give up her dream. On_the_contrary,_she overcame the difficulty and realized it.2Mr. Liu was so angry that he turned_his_back_to his son, without saying anything.3Tom didnt answer the question and felt that he lost_face before his classmates.4To make her family members feel_at_ease,_Mrs Green lied that she was travelling together with her friends.5Mountainclimbing is great fun. Youll get_close_to nature and take exercise at the same time.6In_general,_the northerners are keen on dumplings while the southerners are fond of rice.根据提示补全句子/一句多译1我儿子高兴地对我说他是他们班第三个完成作业并且唯一得满分的人。(动词不定式作后置定语)My son told me gladly that he was the third person to_finish_his_homework and the only one to_get_full_marks in their class.2身体活跃的孩子更有可能变成积极健康的成年人。(be likely to do sth.)Physically active children are_more_likely_to_bee_active_and_healthy_adults.3面对危险，并非所有的人都能保持冷静。Not_all_the_people_can_keep_calm in the face of danger.All_the_people_cannot_keep_calm in the face of danger.4众所周知，早睡早起是个好习惯。As we all know, going_to_bed_early_and_getting_up_early is a good habit.(v.ing作主语)As we all know, it_is_a_good_habit_to_go_to_bed_early_and_get_up_early.(it作形式主语).应用文分步写作假定你是光明中学学生会主席李华，上周你校邀请Smith教授来校做了一场各国身势语的专题讲座。请你代表学校全体师生，用英语给他写一封感谢信。内容包括：1表达感谢；2通过讲座，师生了解了常用的肢体语言及其含义。注意：1词数80左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点本文属于提纲式作文，要求写一封感谢信，话题具有一定的开放性，时态为一般现在时，人称为第一人称。文章可分三个层次：开头点明写信目的，介绍自己并真诚地表达对Smith教授的感谢；主体部分应对通过讲座师生了解了常用的肢体语言及其含义进行构思，如身势语与情感的关系；结尾应再次表达感谢，紧扣写信的目的，与首段相呼应。要点1：我是李华，我写信表达对您真诚的感谢。(convey)My_name_is_Li_Hua._Im_writing_to_convey_my_sincere_appreciation_to_you.要点2：通过您的讲座，我们了解到身势语是表达情感的最有效的方法之一。Through_your_lecture,_we_have_learned_that_body_language_is_one_of_the_most_effective_methods_of_expressing_our_feelings.要点3：再次感谢您精彩的演讲。Thank_you_again_for_your_wonderful_lecture.第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼为了使文章在内容上和形式上更丰满，我们在增加细节的同时，要学会使用较高级的语法结构和高频词汇给文章增加亮点。如：要点1可以增加v.ing作状语“代表我们学校”和现在分词短语作后置定语“上周你给我们的有关身势语的专题讲座”；要点2可以增加时间状语从句；要点2还可以补充个人观点，再次强调专题讲座上所学知识非常有益。拓展要点1：我是李华。代表我们学校，我写信表达对您上周给我们做的有关身势语的专题讲座的真诚感谢。(v.ing作状语，现在分词短语作后置定语)My_name_is_Li_Hua.Representing_our_school,_Im_writing_to_convey_my_sincere_appreciation_to_you_for_the_lecture_concerning_body_language_you_gave_us_last_week. 拓展要点2：通过您的讲座，我们了解到当涉及交际时，身势语是表达情感的最有效的方法之一。(when时间状语从句)Through_your_lecture,_we_have_learned_that_body_language_is_one_of_the_most_effective_methods_of_expressing_our_feelings_when_it_es_to_munication.补充要点2：我的确相信当我们与来自其他国家的人交流时这些知识非常有益。I_do_believe_the_knowledge_will_be_very_beneficial_when_we_municate_with_people_from_other_countries.第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡结合写作要点，文章可分为三段来写。根据语篇表达中的逻辑关系，将所有要点顺序连接，使文章顺畅、过渡自然。Dear_Professor_Smith，My_name_is_Li_Hua.Representing_our_school,_Im_writing_to_convey_my_sincere_appreciation_to_you_for_the_lecture_concerning_body_language_you_gave_us_last_week.Through_your_lecture,_we_have_learned_that_body_language_is_one_of_the_most_effective_methods_of_expressing_our_feelings_when_it_es_to_munication._I_do_believe_the_knowledge_will_be_very_beneficial_when_we_municate_with_people_from_other_countries.Thank_you_again_for_your_wonderful_lecture.Yours，Li_Hua 理清段落结构之(一)并列并列式段落往往是列举两个事物或一个事物在不同情况下的相同或不同之处。利用这种段落结构可速判阅读七选五题型中的标题类题目，对把握文章主旨、理解全文大意至关重要。高考典例12016全国卷阅读七选五节选并列关系17Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants， flowers， patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers (肥料). 18(E).However， there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them es from our earliest years.Recall (回忆) your childhood memories 根据并列的段落标题，可知17题应为祈使句，可初步断定为A、B选项，由该段倒数第二句可知此题应选A项。AKnow why you gardenBFind a good place for your own gardenCIts our experience of the garden that matters DIts delightful to see so many beautiful flowersEStill others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plantsFYou can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, tooGFor each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have高考典例22012辽宁卷C篇In the past two decades， the Chinese studies programs have gained huge popularity in Western universities. More recently， the Chinese government has set up Confucius Institutes in more than 80 countries. These schools teach both Chinese language and culture. The main courses of Chinese culture usually included Chinese art， history and philosophy (哲学). Some social scientists suggest that Westerners should take advantage of the ancient Chinese wisdom to make up for the drawbacks of Western philosophy. Students in the United States， at the same time， are racing to learn Chinese. So they will be ready for life in a world where China is an equal power with the United States. Businessmen who ho
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