2018-2019学年高一英语上学期12月月考试题(含解析) (I).doc

2018-2019学年高一英语上学期12月月考试题(含解析) (I)第一部分：阅读理解（共两节，40 分）第一节 （共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，共 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。It is easier to float in the ocean than it is to float in a swimming pool. Do you know why?Ocean water is full of salt and salt water can hold up more weight than fresh water. See for yourself!You Will Need: 3 cups of warm water Measuring cup (量杯) Wide-mouthed jar Salt Spoon Raw (生的)potatoYou Will Do:1. Pour 1.5 cups of warm water into the jar.2. Add 1/3 cup of salt.3. Stir(搅拌) until the salt is pletely dissolved.4. Add another 1.5 cups of water. Pour it slowly over the back of the spoon into the jar so that the two liquids will not mix together.5.Gentlyplace the potato into the jar. Do not drop it.What Will Happen:The potato will sink but only halfway!Why?Salt water is heavier than fresh water, so it will stay on the bottom. The fresh water will remain on top.The potato is heavier than the fresh water, but it is lighter than the salt water. That is why the potato will sink halfway down.1. In the experiment, what should you do right after you pour the water over the spoon?A. Add the salt to the water. B. Stir the salt into the water.C. Place the potato in the jar. D. Pour warm water into thejar.2. In Step 4 of the experiment, why do you pour the water over the spoon “slowly”?A. It is easier to see what you are doing.B. It pushes the fresh water to the bottom.C. It will keep the water from ing out.D. It will keep the liquids from mixing together.3. In which step of the experiment do you add the salt?A. Step 1 B. Step 2C. Step 3 D. Step 4【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B【解析】本文介绍了一个证明盐水的浮力比淡水的浮力大的实验。【1题详解】C细节理解题。根据You Will Do:中的5Gentlyplace the potato into the jar. Do not drop it.可知，在实验中，当你把水倒在勺子上后，你应该把土豆放入坛子中。故选C.【2题详解】D细节理解题。根据Add another 1.5 cups of water. Pour it slowly over the back of the spoon into the jar so that the two liquid will not mix together中的so that the two liquid will not mix together指这两种液体不要混在一起。故选D.【3题详解】B细节理解题。根据You Will Do:中的2 Add 1/3 cup of salt.可知，要在第2步时加盐。故选B。BCan dogs and cats get along well in the same home? People who are thinking about getting a dog as a friend for their cat are worried that they will fight. A recent research has found that if the cat is taken back home before the dog, and if they are introduced when still young (less than 6 months for cats, a year for dogs), it is highly probable that the two pets will get alongswimmingly. In two-thirds of the homes cats and dogs have a good relationship.However, it wasnt all sweetness and light. There was a reported coldness between the cat and dog in 25% of the homes, while aggression(侵略，好斗) and fighting were found in 10% of the homes. One reason for this is probably that some of their body languages are just different. For example, when a cat turns its head away it means aggression, while a dog doing the same means submission(顺从).In homes with cats and dogs living peacefully, researchers found a surprising behavior. They are learning how to talk each others language. It is a surprise that cats can learn how to talk “Dog”, and dogs can learn how to talk “Cat”.Whats interesting is that both cats and dogs have appeared to bee smarter. They can learn to read each others body languages, suggesting that the two may have more in mon than was expected. Once familiar with each others body language, cats and dogs can play together, and enjoy sleeping together on the sofa.The importance of this research on cats and dogs may go beyond pets to people who dont get along well, including neighbors, colleagues at work, and even countries. If cats and dogs can learn to get along, surely people have a good chance.4. The underlined word “swimmingly” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _.A. early B. mostlyC. quickly D. smoothly5. Some cats and dogs may fight when _.A. they are cold to each otherB. they look away from each otherC. they misunderstand each others body languagesD. they are introduced at an early age6. It is suggested in Paragraph 4 that cats and dogs _.A. have mon interestsB. are less different than thoughtC. have a mon body languageD. are not so smart as expected7. What can we human beings learn from cats and dogs?A. We should learn to get along well with othersB. We should know more about animals.C. We should live in peace with animals.D. We should learn more body languages.【答案】4. D 5. C 6. B 7. A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。科学研究表明猫和狗在一定的情况下是能够和平相处的。如果先收养猫，并且猫不到6个月，狗不到一年，这个时候他们就能顺利地和平相处。通过观察他们不能和平相处的原因是他们之间误解了彼此的身势语而造成的。但有趣的是猫和狗能相互学习彼此的身势语，这样他们就能和平相处。人类从中也能学到如何相处。【4题详解】猜测词意题。根据横线后一句“In two-thirds of the homes cats and dogs have a good relationship.”可知如果先收养猫，并且猫不到6个月，狗不到一年，也就是说猫狗被收养的时候，如果它们的年龄很小，就能顺利的和平相处。2/3被采访的家庭的猫狗的情况也表明这样的结果。所以“swimmingly”表示“顺利地”，与D项语义一致。故选择D项。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段二三句“while aggression and fighting were observed in 10% of the homes. One reason for this is probably that some of their body signals were just opposite.”可知猫和狗发出的信号是相反的，所以它们之间的打斗主要是由于误解。故C项正确。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段第一句“In homes with cats and dogs living peacefully, researchers observed a surprising behavior. They are learning how to talk each others language.”可知猫狗是可以平相处的，它们之间的差别比我们认为的要更小一些。B正确。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一句“If cats and dogs can learn to get along, surely people have a good chance.”可知如果猫狗都能够和平相处，人们也有和平相处的可能性。也就是说人们从猫狗的身上学会了和平相处。故A项正确。CJack Ma, whose Chinese name is Ma Yun, became the richest man in China, when the pany he founded floated on the stock market last year with a value of around 140 billion. Here are some interesting stories about him.1. Beer was the first word that Jack Ma searched for on the InternetIn 1995 Ma made his first trip to the US and used the Internet for the first time. After searching for beer and then China, he saw that no results came up relating to China. He decided to set up a Chinese website一the seed for Alibaba had been sown.2. Jack Ma applied to study at Harvard 10 times and was rejected (拒绝) each timeMa failed the entry exams for colleges in China three times and was also rejected for many jobs in China, including one at KFC. He was turned down by the Harvard 10 times after applying.3. Jack Ma learnt English by giving tourists free guides一every day for nine years.Limited resources meant it was difficult to learn English when Ma was young. However, he found that he could learn the language by giving tourists free tours around his hometown of Hangzhou一something that he did during his teenage years every morning for nine years. He found everything they said and did was so different from what he had been taught at school and by his parents, which opened his mind.4. Jack Ma named his pany Alibaba because its a globally known storyMa simply wanted his pany to have a global and interesting name, and realised that Alibaba is a story known across the world and it begins with A, appearing top of lists.The pany was founded in 1999 and since then has grown from 15 employees to more than 30,000. Ma hopes to keep expanding Alibaba outside of China.8. Ma Yun decided to set up a Chinese website when _.A. he applied to Harvard B. he visited America for the first timeC. he began to learn English D. he wanted to make a fortune9. Which of the following is not mentioned about Ma Yun in the passage?A. He took the entry exams for colleges three times.B. Some employers didnt offer him a job.C. Harvard turned down his application for his poor English.D. He once wanted to work at KFC.10. Ma Yuns experience of learning English tells us that _.A. he is a man with strong will B. he made a lot of money as a guideC. he accepted the values of foreigners D. what he had been taught at school was wrong.11. From the passage we can conclude that Ma Yun will_.A. make more profit (利润) abroad. B. settle in AmericaC. merge (合并) with other panies D. expand his business in China【答案】8. B 9. C 10. A 11. A【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，马云成为了中国首富，文章介绍了与马云相关的4个故事。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“In 1995 Ma made his first trip to the US and used the Internet for the first time. After searching for beer and then China, he saw that no results came up relating to China.”可知1995年马云去美国的时候，使用网络搜索“beer”和“China”，他发现网络上没有中国相关的内容，于是他决定设立一个中文网站。故B项正确。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“He was turned down by the Harvard 10 times after applying.”可知文章只提及哈佛十次拒绝了马云，但是并没有说明拒绝的具体原因。故C项符合题意，选择C项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段第二句“However, he found that he could learn the language by giving tourists free tours around his hometown of Hangzhousomething that he did during his teenage years every morning for nine years.”可知为了学习英语，马云连续九年免费给外国游客做导游。这足以这说明他是一个意志坚定的人。故A项正确。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一句“Ma hopes to keep expanding Alibaba outside of China.”可知马云希望能够把阿里巴巴的业务开展到国外，赚外国人的钱。故A项正确。DAre you sometimes a little tired and sleepy in the early afternoon? Many people feel this way after lunch. They may think that eating lunch is the cause of the sleepiness. Or, in summer, they may think it is the heat. However, the real reason lies inside their bodies. At that time about eight hours after you wake up your body temperature goes down. This is what makes you slow down and feel sleepy. Scientists have tested sleep habits in experiments where there was no night or day. The people in these experiments almost always followed a similar sleeping pattern. They slept for one long period and then for one short period about eight hours later.In many parts of the world, people take naps in the middle of the day. This is especially true in warmer climates where the heat makes work difficult in the early afternoon. Researchers are now saying that naps are good for everyone in any climate. A daily nap gives one a more rested body and mind and therefore is good for health in general. In countries where naps are traditional, people often suffer less from problem such as heart disease.Many working people, unfortunately, have no time to take naps. Though doctors may advise taking naps, employers do not allow it! If you do have the chance, however, here are a few tips about making the most of your nap. Remember that the best time to take a nap is about eight hours after you get up. A short sleep too late in the day may only make you feel more tired and sleepy afterward. This can also happen if you sleep for too long. If you do not have enough time, try a short nap even ten minutes of sleep can be helpful.12. Why do people feel sleepy in the early afternoon according to the text？A. They eat too much for lunch.B. They sleep too little at night.C. Their body temperature bees lower.D. The weather bees a lot warmer.13. If you get up at 6:30 am, what is the best time for you to take a nap？A. About 12:30 pm.B. About 1:30 pm.C. About 2:30 pm.D. About 3:30 pm.14. Why do employers not allow workers to take naps？A. taking naps is no good for health.B. taking naps may lead to heart attack.C. taking naps may lead to low working efficiency.D. taking naps takes up the working time and reduces production.15. What would be the best title for the text？A. Just for a RestB. All for a NapC. A Special Sleep Pattern.D. Taking Naps in Warmer Climate.【答案】12. C 13. C 14. D 15. B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，文章分析了人们午后疲惫的原因是体温下降了，人们累了或者是在夏天的午后都会休息或睡觉，休息好对于人们的身体是有好处的。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段第六七句“At that time about eight hours after you wake up your body temperature goes down. This is what makes you slow down and feel sleepy.”可知让人们疲惫的原因是体温的下降。故C项正确。【13题详解】数据计算题。根据第一段第六句“At that time about eight hours after you wake up your body temperature goes down.”和最后一段Remember that the best time to take a nap is about eight hours after you get up.可知起床八小时以后是最适合小睡的时间。题干中提到早晨6:30起来，8小时以后就是下午2：30.故C项正确。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段前两句“Many working people, unfortunately, have no time to take naps. Though doctors may advise taking naps, employers do not allow it!”很多工人没有午休的时间，是因为老板不允许他们这样。午休要占据工人的工作时间，会减少利润。故D项正确。【15题详解】主旨大意题。本文是一篇说明文，文章分析了人们午后疲惫的原因是体温下降了，人们累了或者是在夏天的午后都会休息或睡觉，休息好对于人们的身体是有好处的。A项rest不够精确，CD项说法错误。故B项正确。【点睛】本文小题4考查了主旨大意题。A项中提及的名词rest比B项中的名词nap范围更大。出题者使用了扩缩范围原则。英语文章为了表达的准确、严密，很注意对范围的限定，有时通过加上almost all，nearly，more than，normally，usually等词对文意加以限制，“扩缩范围”干扰法就是通过改变或去掉限制性词语，将信息中的范围、程度、色彩等改变，从而导致错误。例子：More and more panies are allowing their office workers to wear casual to work. In the United States, the change from formal to casual office wear has been slow. In the early 1990s, many panies allowed their employees to wear casual clothes on Friday. This became known as “dress-down Friday” or “casual Friday”. “What started out as an extra one-day-a week benefit for employees has really bee an everyday thing.” said business consultant Antony Jones.Q：According to the passage, which of the following is True?A. pany workers started to dress down about 30 years ago.B. Dress-down has bee an everyday phenomenon since the early 1990s.C. “Dress-down Friday” was first given as a favor from employers.D. Many workers want to wear casual clothes to impress people.个案解析：此题中的选项B就是属于扩大了范围。原文提到雇主允许雇员在Friday穿着较为随便的衣服，而不是every day，此题的正确答案为D。第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。How to Survive High SchoolHigh school can be a terrible phase if you get it all wrong. Find out how to survive high school with a few easy tips.1. Be Yourself.High school is a fun time to make new friends, meet new people, date and socialize. Make friends with all kinds of people and not just a group which you are fortable with. Most peer pressure cases are because of the weak image created by freshmen._16_Dont give in to anyones wants.2._17_Choose your friends carefully and make sure you wont get influenced by anyone. Socialize, but by judging who you can connect to. You will find friends, but stay away from the ones who dont want to be your friends as a bad pany is tempting, but the good one is true.3. Be Optimistic.There is nothing better than having a smile on your face whenever you can._18_Dont be afraid to make friends, dont get aggressive or personal with anyone and treat others the way you want to be treated. Respect your teachers and classmates and try to be helpful if you want the same in return.4. Be Confident.When you believe in yourself, others believe in you. Talk, walk and address people confidently and this will create a strong image about you._19_Be creative and unique and learn to set trends. Confidence is one quality you grow with, and people respect you for that.5. Love High School._20_Make the most out of it, and you will never get those moments back. e up with frank ideas, get a detention(留堂), top your class, make the best friends, drink, go to prom, party, but just make as many memories as you can!With these tips to survive high school, you will surely be proud of graduating as an all-round approaching adult carrying the best roots. So, when you throw those hats in the air, feel the freedom and remember every moment you spent in “High School”.A. And always wear your smile.B. Keep Good pany.C. Just be yourself and create a strong self-image.D. Practice positive thinking.E. Do your thing, and dont imitate others.F. Fall in love with it.G. Study as hard as you can in your spare time.【答案】16. C 17. B 18. D 19. E 20. F【解析】试题分析：这是一篇议论文。关于如何度过高中阶段，作者给出了几条可行的建议。【16题详解】C 细节推理题Most peer pressure cases are because of the weak image created by freshmen. Dont give in to anyones wants.大多数同龄人的压力是因为新生创造出的一种弱势形象，不要屈服于任何人所想要的你。可知，71所填是要做自己和创造一种强大的形象即选C. Just be yourself and create a strong self image. 做自己和创造一种强大的形象，故选C。【17题详解】B 主旨大意题your friends carefully and make sure you wont get influenced by anyone.仔细挑选你的朋友，确保你不被任何人影响。故Keep good pany（同伴）为最佳答案，选B。【18题详解】D细节题 这部分的小标题就是 Be Optimistic.活得乐观，由前文There is nothing better than having a smile on your face whenever you can.没有什么比保持微笑跟简单做到乐观的，因此73就是说要 乐观，选项中和乐观有关的就是Practice positive thinking. 保持练习积极地思考。故选D【19题详解】E细节题 这一部分的主题是confident，由 74 后Be creative and unique and learn to set trends. 富有创造力和独特性，自己学着去设定别人的一种方向趋势，也就是说要自信，Do your thing, and dont imitate others.做你自己的事，不要模仿他人，故选E。【20题详解】F细节题 the most out of it, and you will never get those moments back.好好度过高中阶段，以后再也不会找回那些时光。可知这里表达的意思是“喜欢上它”。【名师点睛】七选五型阅读考生需要在语篇信息存在缺失的情况下，准确理解整篇文章，特别是设题部位前后句的逻辑关系，通过上下文的线索进行判断，预测下文，然后做出正确判断。命题分析：我们如果把整篇文章看成一个信息群，这个信息群实际上是由两大信息版块构成的：已知信息：原文在五处空缺之外的没有被挖掉的信息，本篇文章是小标题式阅读，段落分布很清晰，在做每个部分的题目是段意是清晰的，关键词是给出的，这个就是根据所给关键词，即已知信息来推测下文所说，就可以容易选择正确答案。待选信息：七个待选选项中的信息，在选择前，我们首先通览全文，阅读选项，找到选项中和题文相扣的，由于本篇文章是小标题式阅读，段落分布很清晰，在做每个部分的题目是段意是清晰的，关键词是给出的，所以根据选项的意思很容易和文章对应起来，这两个信息板块间绝不是孤立的，而是有紧密的互动逻辑关系，连起来是一篇完整的文章。考试题型对学生的考察能力来看无外乎两个方面：（1） 把握整篇文章的布局和逻辑层次关系（2） 把握微观信息间关联性（即空格前后句间关系）解题方法：词汇同现、词汇复现、代词妙用、数字线索、逻辑线索。考点：考查科教类议论文阅读第二部分 语言运用（共二节，满分45分）第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。When I was a college student, I did a lot of traveling abroad. That was because a professor_21_me to do so. She said, “Now it is the time for you to travel around the world,_22_your knowledge through actual experiences and have fun?” I_23_her.Since I started to work for a_24_pany, however, I have done most of my traveling through the Internet. By using the Internet, I have seen the_25_ of many cities on my puter screen. And I have really made business_26_, too. With the help of the Internet, I have also got_27_about food in different countries.Therefore, I was beginning to feel that actual trips were_28_necessary when I happened to read a famouschefs(厨师) ment on the Internet. He said, “It is very difficult to have real Italian food in a foreign country, because we enjoy food and the_29_around us at the same time. So why dont you fly over to Italy and enjoy real Italian_30_? “Those words reminded me of my_31_advice. As information technology_32_, you might be able to do without making some real trips. But this also means that you will miss the various_33_you can get from traveling.Today there are people who_34_direct munication with others and spend much of their time on the Internet. It is not surprising to see a group of people_35_not with each other but into their micro phones. It seems as if such people are_36_by an invisible wall. They seem to be losing out on a good chance to_37_and talk with other people. I do not think that they are taking good advantage of information technology. We should use information technology as a tool to make our daily_38_more fruitful. However, we should never let it_39_our time for face to -face munication. Lets make use of information technology more_40_, and have great fun in experiencing the actual world.21. A. promised B. allowed C. hurried D. encouraged22. A. build up B. use C. practice D. exchange23. A. agreed with B. learn from C. followed D. obeyed24. A. puter B. food C. clothing D. machine25. A. life B. rivers C. sights D. houses26. A. plans B. bargains C. progress D. trips27. A. information B. taste C. cooks D. feelings28. A. even more B. no longer C. much D. actually29. A. people B. drink C. atmosphere D. environment30. A. shoes B. dishes C. customers D. situations31. A. friends B. parents C. professors D. boss32. A. produces B. advertises C. forms D. advances33. A. news B. pleasures C. troubles D. places34. A. avoid B. keep C. lose D. enjoy35. A. meeting B. talking C. municating D. traveling36. A. stopped B. met C. surrounded D. hurt37. A. take B. employ C. travel D. meet38. A. munication B. study C. work D. action