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Unit 3 Under the sea阅读理解组块专练练速度(限时：30分钟).阅读理解AThe amount of fish caught worldwide is much larger than has been reported. And that could mean serious problems for the environment and nations that depend on fisheries (渔业). A new estimate shows that it is 32 million tons higher than countries have been reporting yearly.The same report notes that the worlds fish catch has been declining since the late 1990s. Countries report their industrial catches to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. But they do not report other kinds of fishing. This includes the catches of small mercial fisheries, which are called artisanal fisheries, and fishing for recreation and individual food.Daniel Pauly at the University of British Columbia in Canada led the study. He noted that a huge amount of some catches is thrown away. “For example, shrimp trawlers (拖网渔船) keep only the shrimp and the fish that they catch often eight to ten times as much as the shrimp gets thrown away.”Pauly told VOA that better estimates of the actual global catch will help ensure there will be enough fish in the future. “But our figures suggest that since 1996 a rapid decrease is happening. And if you project this forward you end up in a few decades having much less catch, literally no catch. So that is potentially dangerous.”Researchers also found ways the worlds fisheries are changing. They found that fishing fleets of larger nations are catching fish in the waters of developing countries more and more.Pauly said he was surprised by the amount of fishing done by foreign fleets in petition with local fishers. “In West Africa, the figure that was most astonishing is the enormous role of foreign fishing of European and Asian vessels fishing legally or illegally and peting against local fishermen. On the other hand for the US, Australia and some developing countries, such as the Bahamas, what was apparent is the enormous contribution of recreational fisheries, which also never get reported to the FAO.”Researchers say inaccurate data also harms the development and supervision (监管) of effective policy and management measures.语篇解读：世界范围内捕鱼的数量比报告中的数量要多很多，而这些虚假报告对经济和环境都造成了不好的影响。1Whats the main idea of the passage?AFalse amount of fish caught worldwide harms economy environment.BThe worlds fish catch has been declining.CThe global fishing petition is serious.DThe management of global fishing needs improving.解析：选A主旨大意题。根据文章第一段第一、二句“The amount of fish caught worldwide is much larger than has been reported. And that could mean serious problems for the environment and nations that depend on fisheries(渔业)”可知，本文主要阐述了关于捕鱼数量的虚假报告对环境造成了不好的影响。故选A项。2What does the underlined word “it” (in Para.1) refer to?AThe amount of foreign fishing.BThe amount of local fishing.CThe amount of recreational fishing.DThe amount of all fish caught worldwide.解析：选D代词指代题。it为代词，指代前文，又根据32 million这个数字可推断出it指代第一句中的“The amount of fish caught worldwide”，由此可知选D项。3Which kind of fishing has been reported to the FAO?AIndustrial fish catches.Bmercial fishing.CFishing for entertainment.DFishing for individual food.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第二段二、三句“Countries report their industrial catches to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. But they do not report other kinds of fishing.”可知，各国向联合国粮食及农业组织报告了他们的工业捕鱼量，但没有报告其他形式的捕鱼数量。故选A项。BSince English biologist Charles Darwin published On the Origin of Species in 1859, scientists have vastly improved their knowledge of natural history.However, a lot of information is still the subject of speculation, and scientists can still only make educated guesses at certain things.One subject that they guess at is why some 400 million years ago, animals in the sea developed limbs that allowed them to move onto and live on land.Recently, an idea that occurred to the US paleontologist (古生物学家) Alfred Romer a century ago became a hot topic once again.Romer thought that tide pools might have led to fish gaining limbs.Sea animals would have been forced into these pools by strong tides.Then, they would have been made either to adapt to their new environment close to land or die.The fittest among them grew to acplish the transition from sea to land.Romer called these earliest fourfooted animals “tetrapods”Science has always thought that this was a credible theory, but only recently has there been strong enough evidence to support it.Hannah Byrne is an oceanographer (海洋学家) at Uppsala University in Sweden.She announced at the 2018 Ocean Sciences Meeting in Oregon, US, that by using puter software, her team had managed to link Romers theory to places where fossil deposits of the earliest tetrapods (四足动物) were found.According to the magazine Science, in 2014, Steven Balbus, a scientist at the University of Oxford in the UK, calculated that 400 million years ago, when the move from land to sea was achieved, tides were stronger than they are today.This is because the planet was 10 percent closer to the moon than it is now.The creatures stranded in the pools would have been under the pressure of “survival of the fittest”， explained Mattias Green, an ocean scientist at the UKs Bangor University.As he told Science, “After a few days in these pools, you bee food or you run out of food .The fish that had large limbs had an advantage because they could flip (快速翻转) themselves back in the water.”语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章就“大约4亿年前，为什么海里的动物长出了可以使它们迁移到并生活在陆地上的四肢？”这一问题列出了不同的科学家提供的不同证据。4Who first proposed the theory that fish might have gained limbs because of tidal pools?AAlfred Romer.BCharles Darwin.CHannah Byrne.DSteven Balbus.解析：选A细节理解题。根据文章第三段及第四段第一句可知，最先提出潮水潭导致鱼类长出四肢这一观点的是美国的古生物学家Alfred Romer，故本题选A。5Why were tides stronger 400 million years ago than they are today according to Steven Balbus?AThere were larger oceans.BEarth was closer to the moon.CThe moon gave off more energy.DEarth was under greater pressure.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第七段最后一句“This is because the planet was 10 percent closer to the moon than it is now.”可知，4亿年前，潮汐比现在更强劲，这是因为地球离月球比现在近了10%。本题答案为B。6The underlined word “stranded” in the last paragraph probably means “_”AfoundBsettledCabandonedDtrapped解析：选D词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的“After a few days in these pools, you bee food or you run out of food”可知，“The creatures stranded in the pools would have been under the pressure of survival of the fittest”表示被困在潮水潭的生物将会受到“适者生存”的压力。第四段第三句也是信息提示。故本题答案为D。trap“使落入险境，使陷入困境”。7What is the focus of the article?AThe arguments over a scientific theory.BThe proposal of a new scientific theory.CSome new evidence to support a previous theory.DA new discovery that questions a previous theory.解析：选C主旨大意题。根据第三段可知，最近美国古生物学家Alfred Romer一个世纪前的想法再次成为一个热门话题。根据第二段可知，这个想法正是对“大约4亿年前，为什么海里的动物长出了可以使它们迁移到并生活在陆地上的四肢？”这一问题的思考，故这个问题是以前的问题，且文章给出了不同的科学家最近提供的不同证据。故选C。CWhats more exciting than having a fresh hot pizza delivered to your door? How about having it brought to you by a robot? Thanks to Dominos Robotic Unit, that just became a reality. On March 8, the threefoot tall robot made its first delivery to some lucky residents in Brisbane, Australia.The autonomous DRU is the result of a cooperation between Dominos Pizza Australia and Marathon Robotics. The machine can cover a distance of up to 12 miles and back before requiring a battery recharge. Equipped with Google Maps and GPS guidance, DRU can go along bike paths and sidewalks and also find the most efficient way to its destination. LIDAR, a laserbased sensor technology similar to the one used in selfdriving cars, enables DRU to detect and avoid obstacles, while traditional sensors ensure its path to its destination is safe. DRUs plastic shell protects the food from the bad weather, while its aluminum and steel container ensures that the pies remain hot.The robot can fit up to ten pizzas and even has a separate cold area to acmodate drink orders. To access their food, customers have to enter the unique code provided by the pany. This not only ensures that they pick up the right pizza, but also prevents the pies from getting stolen.Dominos expects additional DRU to be ready for service in its various Queensland locations within the next six months. But dont expect these super cute robots to replace humans anytime soon. According to Dominos, the DRU still needs much testing, which the pany believes could take up to two years. There is also the issue of regulations. The public use of autonomous vehicles is still banned in most countries. But Don Meij, the CEO of Dominos Pizza, is not worried. He believes that one day DRU will bee a necessary part of the Dominos family.8Whats the function of LIDAR?AKeeping DRU free of obstacles.BRecharging DRUs battery.CHelping DRU find its destination.DProtecting DRU from bad weather.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第二段中的“LIDAR, a laserbased sensor technology similar to the one used in selfdriving cars, enables DRU to detect and avoid obstacles .”可知，LIDAR的功能是使DRU察觉并避开障碍物。故A项正确。9Why does the pany provide codes for its customers?ATo fit up more pizzas.BTo prevent the pizza being taken by mistake.CTo keep the pizza warm.DTo get the pizza paid in time.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“This not only ensures that they pick up the right pizza, but also prevents the pies from getting stolen.”可知，这是为了防止顾客拿错比萨。故B项正确。10What can we infer about the future of DRU?AIt may need some improvements.BIt will replace humans soon.CIt may be banned in Australia.DIt will soon be applied worldwide.解析：选A推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“According to Dominos, the DRU still needs much testing, which the pany believes could take up to two years.”可以判断，DRU仍有待改进。故A项正确。.阅读七选五To Know Some Customs and MannersWhile you are travelling abroad, cultural mistakes are more serious than linguistic mistakes, which can lead to serious misunderstanding and even illfeeling between individuals. _1_Touching Someone_2_ In Mediterranean countries, if you dont touch someones arm when talking to them or if you dont greet them with kisses or a warm hug, youll be considered cold. But backslap (拍背) someone who isnt a family member or a good friend in Korea, and youll make them unfortable. In Thailand, the head is considered sacred never even pat a child on the head.Talking Over DinnerIn some countries, like China, Japan and some African nations, the foods the thing, so dont start chatting about your days adventures while everyone else is digging into dinner. _3_ Its not because your group is unfriendly, but because meal times are for eating, not talking.Removing Your Shoes or NotTake off your shoes when arriving at the door of a London dinner party and the hostess will find you uncivilized, but fail to remove your shoes before entering a home in Asia, Hawaii, or the Pacific Islands and youll be considered disrespectful. So, if you see a row of shoes at the door, start undoing your laces. _4_Once you are on the ground of a different country, remain highly sensitive to native behavior. _5_ And dont feel offended if something seems offensive like queue jumping. After all, this is a global village, and we are all very different.APersonal space varies as you travel the globe.BAsians consider removing shoes impolite at home.CNever be pletely surprised by anything.DThe linguistic mistake means that someone is not fully expressing his idea.ELook out for the following cultural mistakes and try to avoid them.FIf not, keep the shoes on.GYoull likely be met with silence.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了不同文化当中的不同习俗和礼仪，了解这些习俗和礼仪有助于我们避免在与外国友人交流时出现文化方面的错误或者误解。1选E本文是“总分总”的结构，而空格处所在段落是文章的总起段。空格处应是要引出对下文三种不同的文化习俗的介绍。E项“Look out for the following cultural mistakes and try to avoid them.”意为“当心以下这些文化错误并尽力避免它们”，能够引起下文。故选E。2选A根据本段的小标题“Touching Someone”以及下文介绍的不同国家在肢体接触方面有不同的习俗可知，空格处应当总领全段。A项“当你环球旅游时，你会发现各地对私人空间的定义是不同的”能够总领该段。故选A。3选G根据空格前一句可知，在上述这些国家，吃饭的时候要专心。当别人吃晚饭时，不要闲聊你白天的经历。G项“你很有可能会遭遇沉默”紧密衔接上文。故选G。4选F根据本段小标题“Removing Your Shoes or Not”可知，该段讨论的是“要不要脱鞋”的问题。空格处应与空格前一句“So, if you see a row of shoes at the door, start undoing your laces.”之间为对比关系。F项“如果不是这样，那就穿上鞋子”符合语境。故选F。5选C该段为总结段。空格处应为具有总结性质的句子。空格后一句是说如果一些事情看起来是具有冒犯性的，但是要入乡随俗，不要感觉被冒犯了，并举插队一例进行说明。C项“不要对任何事情感到诧异”符合语境且引出下句。故选C。
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