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Unit 4 Earthquakes(一)课前自主学习.阅读单词知其意1earthquake n纵联1 地震2crack n. 裂缝；噼啪声vt.&vi. (使)开裂；破裂3smelly adj. 发臭的；有臭味的4farmyard n. 农场；农家5cyclist n. 骑自行车的人6canal n纵联2 运河；水道 7steam n. 蒸汽；水汽8dirt n. 污垢；泥土9extreme adj. 极度的10survivor n. 幸存者；生还者；残存物11track n. 轨道；足迹；痕迹12shelter n. 掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处13reporter n. 记者14outline n. 要点；大纲；轮廓15headline n. 报刊的大字标题.重点单词写其形1burst vi. 爆裂；爆发n. 突然破裂；爆发2event n. 事件；大事3ruin n. 废墟；毁灭vt. 毁灭；使破产4suffering n. 苦难；痛苦5destroy vt. 破坏；毁坏；消灭6useless adj. 无用的；无效的；无益的7rescue n&vt. 援救；营救8trap vt. 使陷入困境n. 陷阱；困境9electricity n纵联3 电；电流；电学10disaster n. 灾难；灾祸11bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏12title n. 标题；头衔；资格13damage n&vt. 损失；损害14judge n. 裁判员；法官vt. 断定；判断；判决.拓展单词通其变1nation n民族；国家；国民national adj.民族的；国家的；国民的nationality n国籍2shock vt.& vi.(使)震惊；震动 n休克；打击；震惊shocking adj.令人震惊的shocked adj.感到震惊的纵联43injure vt.损害；伤害injury n伤害；损害injured adj.受伤的4express vt.表示；表达 n快车；速递expression n表达；表情5frighten vt.使惊吓；吓唬frightened adj.受惊的；受恐吓的frightening adj.令人恐惧的6congratulation n祝贺；(复数)贺词congratulate vt.祝贺7sincerely adv.真诚地；真挚地sincere adj.真诚的；真挚的纵联5纵联1.盘点合成名词(n.n.)earthquake地震 bookmark书签basketball篮球 website网站homework家庭作业 teamwork合作纵联2.由canal带你去畅游strait n海峡 reservoir n水库pool n池塘 ocean n海洋stream n小溪 channel n海峡纵联3.“adj.ityn.”荟萃electricelectricity 电；电流；电学 popularpopularity 受欢迎；流行realreality 现实similarsimilarity 相似点securesecurity 安全equalequality 平等majormajority 大多数纵联4.“ing/ed”结尾的形容词聚焦纵联5.让人佩服的“真诚；诚实”品质sincere adj. 真诚的sincerely adv. 真诚地genuine adj. 真诚的；真心的genuinely adv. 真诚地；诚实地hearty adj. 亲切的；热诚的heartfelt adj. 真诚的；衷心的honest adj. 诚实的；正直的honesty n. 诚实；正直；坦诚单元话题自然灾害子话题1各种自然灾害flood n洪水 hurricane n飓风sandstorm n沙尘暴 typhoon n台风volcano n火山 snowstorm n暴风雪tornado n龙卷风 tsunami n海啸landslide n山体滑坡 drought n旱灾；干旱子话题2造成的危害terrify vt.使恐惧；使惊吓 ash n灰；灰末victim n. 受害者 catastrophe n. 灾难；灾祸radioactive adj. 放射性的 panic n&vi.惊慌；恐慌muddy adj. 泥泞的 lava n熔岩；岩浆melt vi.融化 tidal adj.潮汐的；有涨落的worsen vi.(使)恶化 fierce adj.狂暴的；恶劣的学考对接活学活用高考采撷(一)阅读中的词汇应用1(2016北京高考阅读B)When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in _ (ruin). Many of Natalies friends had lost their homes and were living far away.All around her, people were suffering， especially the elderly. Natalies school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn.用ruin的适当形式填空：ruins写出suffer在本单元中的同根名词：suffering_写出damage在本单元的近义词：_destroy;_damage的复数形式damages意为赔偿金2(2012陕西高考完形填空)When she opened her eyes and saw her dog standing beside her, the girl said, “you _ (rescue) me, Laddy，” and she kissed him several times. Seeing their daughter and dog ing back, the parents burst _ tears of relief. That night Laddy had a heros supper: a huge meal of steak.用rescue的正确形式填空：rescued在空白处填入适当的介词：into写出relief在本单元的反义词：_shock_3(2010江西高考完形填空)When Alice started to cycle home from Jennys house, she wasnt nervous. She was certainly not afraid of the dark. Besides, it was only a 15minute ride home. But halfway there, she began to wish that she hadnt been so brave.写出cycle在本单元中的同根名词：cyclist;_cycle作为动词意为“骑车；循环”，recycle意为循环利用写出afraid在本单元的同义词：_frightened_高考采撷(二)写作中的词汇应用(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)1(2014北京高考书面表达)但现在，由于我的左脚在足球比赛中受伤了，所以我不能按计划和你一起去。我写信真诚地向你表达我的歉意。(injure, express, sincerely)But_now,_because_my_left_foot_was_injured_in_the_football_game,_I_cannot_go_with_you_as_planned._Im_writing_to_sincerely_express_my_apology_to_you.2(2014湖南高考写作)当一个心怀恶意的人攻击我们的时候，我们不会感到害怕，因为我们可以电击他，从而逃离危险。(frightened, shock)When_a_man_with_an_evil_intention_attacks_us,_we_wont_feel_frightened_because_we_can_give_him_an_electric_shock_and_escape_from_danger. (二)课堂重点释疑1burst vi.(burst, burst)爆裂；爆发n.突然破裂；爆发记牢burst in/into闯入；突然破门而入 突然哭起来/笑起来burst with anger 勃然大怒练通单句语法填空He burst in without knocking at the door, which made me very angry.He burst into the room without knocking at the door，which made me very angry.一句多译看到她的同学因为她的愚蠢错误哄堂大笑，她突然哭了起来。Seeing her classmates burst_out_laughing because of her foolish mistakes, she burst_out_crying. (burst out)Seeing her classmates burst_into_laughter because of her foolish mistakes, she burst_into_tears. (burst into)用准短语burst in中的in是副词，后面不接宾语；而burst into中的into是介词，后面应接宾语。写美翻译句子听到这，全班哄堂大笑，我同桌的脸变红了。Hearing_this,_the_whole_class_burst_into_laughter/burst_out_laughing_and_my_deskmates_face_turned_red. 2ruin nU毁灭；毁坏；崩溃；常用复数废墟；遗迹vt.毁灭；使破产；成为废墟记牢(1)lie/be in ruins成为废墟be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟(2)ruin oneself 毁掉自己；自取灭亡ruin ones health/fame/future 毁坏某人的健康/声誉/前途练通单句语法填空With time going on, the castle which once was very beautiful is now pletely in ruins.Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and being_reduced (reduce) to ruins, the city took on a new look.一句多译他犯了个错误，这让他失去了出国的机会。 He made a mistake, which_ruined_his_chance_of_going_abroad.(定语从句)He made a mistake, ruining_his_chance_of_going_abroad.(分词作状语)写美补全句子无论一个牌子多有名气，一旦辜负了消费者的信任它就有可能会毁灭。No matter how famous a brand is, it can_be_in_ruins_once it betrays the trust of consumers.3bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；使沉浸；隐藏；使专心记牢(1)埋头于；专心于(2)bury ones face in ones hands 双手掩面练通单句语法填空Buried (bury) in his study, he wasnt aware that all the others had left.Burying (bury) his face in his hands, he tried to control his weeping.句式升级He sat at a wooden table and was buried in reading.He_sat_at_a_wooden_table,_buried_in_reading.(过去分词短语作状语)He_sat_at_a_wooden_table,_burying_himself_in_reading. (现在分词短语作状语)写美补全句子(2017天津高考书面表达)虽然这些天我埋头读书，但我还是加入了几个学生俱乐部以提高自己。Though_buried_in_books_these_days,_I have still joined several student clubs in order to improve myself.联想表示“专心于；致力于”的短语还有：be absorbed/engaged inbe devoted tobe lost in focus onfix/concentrate ones attention on4judge n裁判员；法官 vt.断定；判断；判决 记牢(1)judge .from/by .从来判断as far as I can judge 据我判断；我认为(2)judging by/from 从来看；根据来判断练通单句语法填空As the old saying goes, “You cant judge a book by/from its cover.”Judging (judge) from the number of cars, he thought there were not many people in the club yet.用准judging from/by表示“从来看；根据来判断”，用在句首时为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态的影响。写美补全句子(2017江苏高考书面表达)我认为，电影市场在不久的将来会低迷。As_far_as_I_can_judge,_the film market may witness a slowdown in the near future.词汇过关综合训练 .单词拼写1His house was destroyed (破坏) in the earthquake last year and he had to build a new one.2After learning that the boys had been lost for almost 20 hours, the police sent out a rescue (营救) team to look for them.3With so many miners buried (掩埋) under the mine, none of the rescue workers would stop to have a rest.4A water pipe burst (爆裂) and the entire apartment was flooded.5Too much drinking will do damage (损害) to your health; you should take the doctors advice. 6It is useless (无用的) discussing the matter with him. He wont change his mind.7The first thing he did was to find shelter (掩蔽处) from the freezing wind and snow.8It was the second air disaster (灾难) in the region in less than two months.单句语法填空1Her family was extremely (extreme) poor and all she had was one pair of shoes.2Her astonished expression(express) suggested that she hadnt expected that result.3Dont forget to praise them sincerely (sincere) when someone does something good.4On arriving there, we expressed our congratulations (congratulate) to him on his success.5Trapped (trap) in the ruins, the girl still wore a smile, waiting to be rescued.6Seeing the frightening (frighten) scene, the boy began to cry.7What the newspaper reported did a great injury to her fame.8A large number of soldiers were sent there to_rescue (rescue) those trapped in the buildings.根据提示补全句子/句型转换1他看了一眼映照在镜子里的自己的脸，突然大笑起来。(burst out)He looked at his face reflected in the mirror, bursting_out_laughing.2从观众的反应看来，这次演出相当成功。(judge)Judging_from_the_response_of_the_audience,_the performance was quite a success.3三天后火被扑灭了，大约500个街区夷为平地。(ruin)Three days later, the fire was put out and some 500 blocks_lay/were_in_ruins.4Because he was buried in his books, he didnt know it was raining outside. Burying_himself_in_his_books,_he didnt know it was raining outside.(现在分词短语作状语)Buried_in_his_books,_he didnt know it was raining outside.(过去分词短语作状语).语境辨义根据语境选出shock的词性和词义(A)n.令人震惊的事(B)n.休克(C)vt.使触电 (D)vt.使震惊1Anyone touching that wire could get badly shocked._C_2It shocked me to see how my neighbours treated their children._D_3Several of those who survived the accident have been taken to hospital in a state of shock._B_4It was such a shock when they announced the winner was Cart._A_(一)课前自主学习1right_away串记1 立刻；马上2think_little/nothing_of 串记2 认为没什么3at_an_end_ 结束；终结4in_ruins 严重受损；破败不堪5dig_out 掘出；发现6a_(great)_number_of 许多；大量的7be_proud_of 以而自豪8tens_of_thousands_of 数以万计的9too_._to_. 太而不能10lose_ones_life 失去生命同根短语串记串记1.“立刻；马上”来集合right away right nowat once in no timeimmediately in an instant串记2.“thinkadv.of”短语扫描think little of 认为没什么think highly of 重视；看得起think well of 重视 think poorly of 轻视think badly of 认为不好1look for places to_hide 找地方藏身2jump_out of 从往外跳3._later_that afternoon 在那天下午晚些时候4cut across 穿过；贯穿；抄近路5on that special day 在那个特殊的日子6wake up 叫醒1It_seemed_as_if_the world was at an end!仿佛到了世界末日！2Thousands of families were killed and many children_were_left_without_parents.成千上万个家庭遇难，许多孩子变成了孤儿。3Everywhere_they_looked nearly everything was destroyed.人们无论朝哪里看，哪里的一切都几乎被毁了。4All hope was not lost.并非所有的希望都破灭了。5The man was_sleeping_downstairs_when the earthquake happened.那个人正在楼下睡觉，突然发生了地震。学考对接活学活用高考采撷(一)完形中的短语(补全句子)1(2018浙江高考完形填空)By the time I got home, I only had a few hours to do my homework, and I had to do it right_away (马上). 2(2011广东高考完形填空)I observed a_number_of (许多) intelligent children who were taken out of a special class and placed in a regular class.高考采撷(二)写作中的短语和句式(补全句子)1(2016北京高考书面表达)我们为自己感到骄傲，相信我们可以为更美好的世界做更多的事。(proud)We_are_proud_of_ourselves and believe we can do more for a better world.2(2014福建高考书面表达)这辆自行车似乎太重了，很难控制。更糟糕的是，我从自行车上摔下来很多次。(too .to .)The bike seemed too_heavy_and_difficult_to_control. Worse still, I took many falls off the bike. 3(2014山东高考写作)这句谚语提醒了我，通往成功的道路并不总是一帆风顺。 (部分否定)The proverb reminded me that the path to success was_not_always_smooth.(二)课堂重点释疑短语集释1at an end结束；终结记牢(1)at the end of在尽头；在末端by the end of 到结束时；到时候为 止(常与完成时态连用)in the end 最后；终于使结束e to an end 完成；结束练通句型转换The meeting was at an end and he set down many key points.The_meeting_came_to_an_end and he set down many key points.(e)We_brought_the_meeting_to_an_end and he set down many key points.(bring)We_put_an_end_to_the_meeting/We_put_the_meeting_to_an_end and he set down many key points.(put)补全句子You should add your name at_the_end_of_the_report.你应当在报告的末尾添加上你的名字。 写美升级句中加彩词汇(2015广东高考写作)The less the teacher does, the more the students do and the more they will learn.Finally they will bee active learners rather than passive ones. In_the_end2a (great) number of许多；大量的记牢可数名词复数复数谓语(2)the number of可数名词复数单数谓语不可数名词练通对比填空(a number of, the number of)In China, _the_number_of cities is increasing whose development is recognized across the world.As China develops fast and steadily, a_number_of foreigners are learning Chinese as a second language.单句语法填空Large amounts of money are_spent (spend) on advertisements every year.With more and more forests cut down, large quantities of soil are_being_washed_(wash) away.用准“large quantities/amounts ofn.”作主语时谓语动词用复数，而“a large quantity/amount ofn.”作主语时谓语动词用单数。写美补全句子我听说我们学校的图书馆正计划购置一批新书，所以我写信推荐一些书。Ive heard that our school library is_planning_to_buy_a_number_of_new_books,_so I am writing to remend some books.句式集释1as if (as though)引导状语从句或表语从句教材原句It seemed as_if the world was at an end!悟拓展例句(1)Hurry up! It looks as if the train is_going_to_move.快点！看起来火车要开了。(2)The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were (be) their own mother.析用法规则用法归纳(1)如果as if所引导的从句表示的是真实的或极有可能发生的情况时，句子要用陈述语气。(2)当说话人所陈述的是不真实的或极少发生或存在的情况时，从句用虚拟语气：从句用一般过去时(与现在的事实相反) 从句用过去完成时(与过去的事实相反) 从句用would/could/might do形式(与将来的事实相反)注意事项as though/if引导的从句中的主语和主句主语一致，且含有be动词时，从句中的主语和be动词常常可以省略。例如：Tom raised his right hand as if (Tom was) to say something.汤姆举起右手好像要说些什么。背写作佳句(1)Everything in my childhood crowded upon my mind as if they had just happened.(要点句)(2)Its very warm today. It seems as if it were spring already.(要点句)2部分否定教材原句All hope was not lost. 悟拓展例句(1)Its impossible for all the applicants to get the jobs, because all of them arent fit for the jobs.Its impossible for all the applicants to get the jobs, because not_all_of_them_are fit for the jobs.(2)Nothing in the world is difficult if one sets his mind to it.谚世上无难事，只怕有心人。析用法规则用法归纳(1)英语中的all, both, every, everybody, everything, pletely, always, whole, entirely 等与否定词not连用，无论not位置如何，均构成部分否定，表示“并非都”的意思。(2)英语中的no, none, never, nobody, nothing, neither, no one, nowhere等表否定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用构成“全部否定”。注意事项在英语中常可见到一些形式上否定而意义上则表肯定的句子。如：cannot .too背写作佳句(1)A recent survey shows that not all the students in our school take physical exercise in their spare time.(开头句)(2)(2018浙江高考写作)Dad proposed that we should walk along the river which may lead us to the farm house and nothing seemed better than that.(要点句)词块、句式过关综合训练 .选词填空lose ones life， in ruins， a number of， right away， dig out， think little of， at an end， be proud of1Having consulted a_number_of_books about the subject in the library, he went into the room, ready to give the audience a wonderful speech.2You dont look well. Youd better go and see a doctor right_away.3As the farmer ploughed the field, he dug_out a pot of jewelry.4My holiday is at_an_end and I must go back to work tomorrow.5You have every reason to be_proud_of your country and nation.6We went to see the woman whose husband lost_his_life in the earthquake.7The guy is always making phone calls to her, but she_thinks_little_of_him.8The strong earthquake left the city in_ruins merely in several seconds.句型转换1All body language doesnt mean the same thing in different countries, such as nodding. (变为同义句)Not_all_body_language_means_the_same_thing_in_different_countries,_such as nodding.2Not all of them were allowed to go there. (变为全部否定)None_of_them were allowed to go there.3The old man was lying on the ground as if he was badly hurt.(状语从句的省略)The old man was lying on the ground as if badly_hurt.应用文分步写作假定你是李华，你从电视新闻上得知你的美国朋友汤姆所在的城市发生了地震。请你给汤姆写一封信，内容包括：1对朋友汤姆及其家人表示关切；2得知该地震造成的后果感到很难过；3询问汤姆及其家人是否安好；4愿意提供帮助。注意：1.词数80左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点1审题：文体：普通信件人称：主要是第一、二人称时态：主要是一般现在时和一般过去时2拟点：通过研读题目，根据写作背景介绍和内容要求可以从以下三个方面来写作。开头：得知地震消息并表达对朋友的关切之情。主体：表明得知该地震后的心情；询问汤姆及其家人的目前状况并表达希望。结尾：愿意提供帮助。要点1：我得知你们城市发生了一场可怕的地震。我真的很担心你和你的家人。I_learned_that_a_terrible_earthquake_happened_in_your_city.I_am_really_concerned_about_you_and_your_family.要点2：听到这场灾难我感到很难过。Im_so_sorry_to_hear_about_the_disaster.要点2：请告诉我你现在的生活是什么样的。Please_tell_me_what_your_life_is_like_now.要点2：我希望你的家人都没有受伤。I_hope_that_none_of_your_family_members_were_injured.要点3：如果你需要帮助，请让我知道。If_you_need_any_help,_please_let_me_know.第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼为了使行文连贯、满足词数要求，使句子更丰满，我们需要添加细节或使用一些高级表达以增加亮点。例如：1在要点1中添加时间状语从句“当我观看电视新闻时”；2对于要点2，可增加地震导致的后果(几乎一切都被毁了)。拓展要点1：当我观看电视新闻时得知你们城市发生了一场可怕的地震。我真的很担心你和你的家人。 (时间状语从句)When_I_watched_the_news_on_TV,_I_learned_that_a_terrible_earthquake_happened_in_your_city.I_am_really_concerned_about_you_and_your_family.拓展要点2：听到这场灾难我感到很难过，在这场灾难中几乎一切都被毁了。 (定语从句)Im_so_sorry_to_hear_about_the_disaster,_in_which_nearly_everything_was_destroyed.第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡本写作采用三段式结构组织全文。可用“How are you doing？”开头，用“whats more”作好要点2中的衔接过渡，结尾补充“Best wishes！”表达美好祝愿。Dear_Tom，How_are_you_doing?_When_I_watched_the_news_on_TV,_I_learned_that_a_terrible_earthquake_happened_in_your_city._I_am_really_concerned_about_you_and_your_family.Im_so_sorry_to_hear_about_the_disaster,_in_which_nearly_everything_was_destroyed._Please_tell_me_what_your_life_is_like_now._Whats_more,_I_hope_that_none_of_your_family_members_were_injured.If_you_need_any_help,_please_let_me_know._Best_wishes!Yours_sincerely，Li_Hua理清文体结构之(四)应用文之通知通告抓标题及四大要素，比对定答案通知通告类应用文结构比较单一，但是信息含量丰富。通知常含有一个主标题，点明通知类型等相关信息，正文常常涵盖通知内容、时间、地点及人物四大要素，文章结尾常常带有一些特别提示。解答此类应用文的关键在于抓住命题敏感点即标题及文中四要素，然后迅速浏览题干，找出题眼，再到文章中寻找与之相关的要素，进而比对信息得出答案。抓标题及四大要素高考典例2015全国卷A篇读文解题技法主标题表明通知类型及地点 副标题：时间1 内容1副标题：时间2 内容2副标题：时间3 内容3副标题：时间4 内容4具体联系方式Monthly Talks at London Canal MuseumOur monthly talks start at 19：30 on the first Thursday of each month except August. Admission is at normal charges and you dont need to book. They end around 21：00.November 7thThe Canal Pioneers, by Chris Lewis. James Brindley is recognized as one of the leading early canal engineers. He was also a major player in training others in the art of canal planning and building. Chris Lewis will explain how Brindley made such a positive contribution to the education of that group of early “civil engineers”December 5thIce for the Metropolis, by Malcolm Tucker. Well before the arrival of freezers, there was a demand for ice for food preservation and catering. Malcolm will explain the history of importing natural ice and the technology of building ice wells, and how Londons ice trade grew.February 6thAn Update on the Cotswold Canals, by Liz Payne. The Stroudwater Canal is moving towards reopening. The Thames and Severn Canal will take a little longer. We will have a report on the present state of play.March 6thEyots and Aits Thames Islands, by Miranda Vickers. The Thames has many islands. Miranda has undertaken a review of all of them. She will tell us about those of greatest interest.Online bookings: .canalmuseum.org.uk/bookMore info: .canalmuseum.org.uk/whatsonLondon Canal Museum1213 New Wharf Road, London NI 9RT.canalmuseum.org.uk.canalmuseum.mobiTel: 020 7713 08361.看主标题知通知类型由主标题得知英国的London Canal Museum要举行monthly talks。2.读首段关注特别点阅读首段了解到monthly talks的起始时间及收费情况。3.览副标题明层次结构4个副标题为4次monthly talks的举行时间。4.分段速读标要素每个副标题下涵盖开讲时间、人物和内容，标出这些要素，为后面解题做好铺垫。5.标出题眼找对应点在题干中找到题眼，并在文中找到对应点，然后与标出的“要素”进行比对，便可得出答案。据题眼比对定答案21. is the talk on ？AFebruary 6th.BMarch 6th.CNovember 7th. DDecember 5th.22. is the topic of the talk in ？AThe Canal Pioneers.BIce for the Metropolis.CEyots and Aits Thames Islands.DAn Update on the Cotswold Canals.23. will give the talk on ？AMiranda Vickers. BMalcolm Tucker.CChris Lewis. DLiz Payne.答案21.C22.D23.A21题眼人物1副标题：时间1，直接得出答案22题眼时间3内容3，直接得出答案23题眼内容4人物4，直接得出答案
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