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题型练4大题专项(二)数列的通项、求和问题1.设数列an的前n项和为Sn,满足(1-q)Sn+qan=1,且q(q-1)0.(1)求an的通项公式;(2)若S3,S9,S6成等差数列,求证:a2,a8,a5成等差数列.2.已知等差数列an的首项a1=1,公差d=1,前n项和为Sn,bn=1Sn.(1)求数列bn的通项公式;(2)设数列bn前n项和为Tn,求Tn.3.(2018浙江,20)已知等比数列an的公比q1,且a3+a4+a5=28,a4+2是a3,a5的等差中项.数列bn满足b1=1,数列(bn+1-bn)an的前n项和为2n2+n.(1)求q的值;(2)求数列bn的通项公式.4.已知等差数列an的前n项和为Sn,公比为q的等比数列bn的首项是12,且a1+2q=3,a2+4b2=6,S5=40.(1)求数列an,bn的通项公式an,bn;(2)求数列1anan+1+1bnbn+1的前n项和Tn.5.已知数列an满足a1=12,且an+1=an-an2(nN*).(1)证明:1anan+12(nN*);(2)设数列an2的前n项和为Sn,证明:12(n+2)Snn12(n+1)(nN*).6.已知数列an的首项为1,Sn为数列an的前n项和,Sn+1=qSn+1,其中q0,nN*.(1)若2a2,a3,a2+2成等差数列,求数列an的通项公式;(2)设双曲线x2-y2an2=1的离心率为en,且e2=53,证明:e1+e2+en4n-3n3n-1.题型练4大题专项(二)数列的通项、求和问题1.(1)解 当n=1时,由(1-q)S1+qa1=1,a1=1.当n2时,由(1-q)Sn+qan=1,得(1-q)Sn-1+qan-1=1,两式相减,得an=qan-1.又q(q-1)0,所以an是以1为首项,q为公比的等比数列,故an=qn-1.(2)证明 由(1)可知Sn=1-anq1-q,又S3+S6=2S9,所以1-a3q1-q+1-a6q1-q=2(1-a9q)1-q,化简,得a3+a6=2a9,两边同除以q,得a2+a5=2a8.故a2,a8,a5成等差数列.2.解 (1)在等差数列an中,a1=1,公差d=1,Sn=na1+n(n-1)2d=n2+n2,bn=2n2+n.(2)bn=2n2+n=2n(n+1)=21n-1n+1,Tn=b1+b2+b3+bn=2112+123+134+1n(n+1)=21-12+12-13+13-14+1n-1n+1=21-1n+1=2nn+1.故Tn=2nn+1.3.解 (1)由a4+2是a3,a5的等差中项,得a3+a5=2a4+4,所以a3+a4+a5=3a4+4=28,解得a4=8.由a3+a5=20,得8q+1q=20,解得q=2或q=12,因为q1,所以q=2.(2)设cn=(bn+1-bn)an,数列cn前n项和为Sn,由cn=S1,n=1,Sn-Sn-1,n2,解得cn=4n-1.由(1)可知an=2n-1,所以bn+1-bn=(4n-1)12n-1.故bn-bn-1=(4n-5)12n-2,n2,bn-b1=(bn-bn-1)+(bn-1-bn-2)+(b3-b2)+(b2-b1)=(4n-5)12n-2+(4n-9)12n-3+712+3.设Tn=3+712+11122+(4n-5)12n-2,n2,12Tn=312+7122+(4n-9)12n-2+(4n-5)12n-1,所以12Tn=3+412+4122+412n-2-(4n-5)12n-1,因此Tn=14-(4n+3)12n-2,n2,又b1=1,所以bn=15-(4n+3)12n-2.4.解 (1)设an公差为d,由题意得a1+2d=8,a1+2q=3,a1+d+2q=6,解得a1=2,d=3,q=12,故an=3n-1,bn=12n.(2)1anan+1+1bnbn+1=131an-1an+1+1bnbn+1=131an-1an+1+22n+1,Tn=1312-15+15-18+13n-1-13n+2+8(1-4n)1-4=1312-13n+2+13(22n+3-8)=1322n+3-13n+2-52.5.证明 (1)由题意得an+1-an=-an20,即an+1an,故an12.由an=(1-an-1)an-1,得an=(1-an-1)(1-an-2)(1-a1)a10.由00,故q=2.所以an=2n-1(nN*).(2)证明 由(1)可知,an=qn-1.所以双曲线x2-y2an2=1的离心率en=1+an2=1+q2(n-1).由e2=1+q2=53,解得q=43.因为1+q2(k-1)q2(k-1),所以1+q2(k-1)qk-1(kN*).于是e1+e2+en1+q+qn-1=qn-1q-1,故e1+e2+en4n-3n3n-1.
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