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第五讲特殊句式一、明备考方向语法填空常考点短文改错常考点写作常用句式1.强调句型中的that/who；2.there be句型中的be的形式；3.部分倒装与全部倒装中谓语的形式；4.祈使句中的谓语动词形式。1.强调句中that和who的误用；2.there be句型中be与have的误用或错用；3.倒装句中助动词或系动词的缺失或误用；4.感叹句中what和how 的误用；5.祈使句中动词原形的误用。1.祈使句and/or陈述句2.there is no point/sense in doing sth.“做某事没有意义”3.there is (no) difficulty in doing sth.“做某事(没)有困难”4.there is (no) possibility of (doing) sth./that .“(做)某事(没)有可能性”5.there is no doubt that .“毫无疑问”6.there is no need to do .“没必要做”7.there is no denying that .“不可否认”8.It is/was被强调部分that/who .二、攻重点难点强调句型1强调句型基本结构及注意事项强调句型基本结构为“Itis/was被强调部分that/who句子其他部分”，在理解强调句时，考生要注意以下几点：(1)强调句型可强调的句子成分通常为主语、状语、宾语等，不能用来强调谓语动词(如强调谓语动词，常借助于do/does/did)、表语(主语补语)、让步状语、条件状语等。连接词一般用that，如被强调的部分指人时，可用who/that，其他一律用that。(2)判断是否是强调句，就是看把句子中的“It is/was和that/who”去掉之后，句子是否成立。若句子依然成立，则是强调句，否则就不是强调句。(3)强调句的一般疑问句结构：Is/Wasit被强调部分that/who其他部分？(4)强调句的特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词is/wasitthat/who其他部分？(5)含not . until .的强调句型：It is/was not until被强调部分that/who其他部分。It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do that benefits our work most.给我们工作带来最大益处的不是我们做了多少而是我们将多少爱投入到我们所从事的事业中。Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out?第二次世界大战是在1939年爆发的吗？When was it that you called me yesterday?你昨天是什么时候给我打电话的？2强调句型与结构相似的主从复合句的区别(1)与含主语从句的主从复合句的区别It is true that they are going to visit the Great Wall next month.他们下个月准备去参观长城，这是真的。It is the Great Wall that they are going to visit.他们准备去参观的地方是长城。第一个句子是一个主从复合句，其中it是形式主语；that 引导的是主语从句，that没有任何意义，在从句中不作任何成分。第二个句子是强调句，强调的是宾语the Great Wall, It is和that没有任何意义，只是用来构成强调句型的基本框架。(2)与含定语从句的主从复合句的区别It is a question that needs careful consideration. 这是一个需要仔细考虑的问题。It is novels that William enjoys reading.威廉喜欢读的是小说。第一个句子是一个主从复合句，其中that引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词question，that 在从句中作主语； It在主句中作主语。第二个句子是强调句，强调的是宾语novels, It is和that没有任何意义，只是用来构成强调句型的基本框架。(3)与含状语从句的主从复合句的区别与“It is/was时间名词when .”的区别“It is/was时间名词when .”句型中，it指时间，when引导的是时间状语从句。时间名词前无介词。It was 6 oclock when I got up today.今天我起床时已经6点了。It was at 6 oclock that I got up today.今天我是6点起的床。第一句是主从复合句， It指时间，when引导时间状语从句。第二句是强调句型，强调的是时间状语at 6 oclock, It was和that无实际意义。与“It is/was时间段since .”的区别“It is/was时间段since .”句型中，since引导时间状语从句。若since和延续性动词连用，该句型的意思是“不做某事已有时间了”；若since和短暂性动词连用，该句型的意思是“做某事已有时间了”。since引导的从句常用一般过去时。It is two years since I taught English.我不教英语两年了。It is two years since I began to teach English.我教英语已经两年了。It is two hours that he spends on English every day.他每天花两个小时学英语。前两个句子是“It is时间段since .”句型，since引导时间状语从句。第三个句子是强调句，强调的是宾语two hours。与“It was/will be时间段before .”的区别“It was/will be时间段before .”句型中，it指时间，before引导时间状语从句。It was two years before he came back from abroad.过了两年他才回国。It was two years later that he came back from abroad.他是两年后回国的。第一句中的It指时间，before引导的是时间状语从句；第二句为强调句，强调的是时间状语two years later。倒装句倒装是高考考查的常考点，高考不只是单纯考查倒装，而是常把倒装与时态、主谓一致等结合在一起进行考查，增加了考查的难度，因此考生一定要把倒装的基本用法牢记在心。倒装分为完全倒装与部分倒装。1完全倒装当作状语的here, there, now, then, down, up, out, off等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或表示地点的介词短语in the room, on the way等置于句首且主语为名词时，句子要完全倒装。但当主语是代词时，主谓不倒装。John opened the door. There stood a girl he had never seen before.约翰打开门，他从来没见过的一位女孩站在那儿。South of the river lies a small factory.河的南面有一个小工厂。2部分倒装(1)only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装；(2)否定副词never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely, rarely等及表否定意义的介词短语at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, by no means, on no condition等置于句首时要部分倒装；(3)表示前面所说的情况也适用于后者时，用部分倒装结构so/neither/nor助动词/系动词/情态动词主语；(4)Soadj./adv. .that ./Suchadj.n. .that .“如此以至于”；(5)Not only .，but also .“不仅而且”，Not only后是主谓倒装，but also后是正常语序；(6)在as/though引导的让步状语从句中，从句的表语/状语/动词位于句首，构成部分倒装结构。如果位于句首的是单数可数名词，其前不加冠词；(7)在非真实条件句中，条件句中的if省略时，助动词had, were, should常提到主语前面，构成部分倒装。Only in this way can we learn English well.只有以这种方法，我们才能学好英语。Never before have I seen such a moving film.I have never seen such a moving film before.以前我从未看过这么感人的电影。They love having lots of friends; so do those with disabilities.他们喜欢交很多朋友，那些有残疾的人也是如此。So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home.天气太冷，我们只好待在家里。Not only will help be given to people to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it.不仅要给那些找工作的人提供帮助，而且也要给那些需要帮助的人提供医疗保健服务。Child as he is, he knows a lot about the history of China.尽管他是个孩子，但他对中国历史知道很多。there be句型there be句型是高考考查的重点语法项目，近年来高考均考查其最基本的用法，因此考生只需要掌握以下基本用法即可。1there be句型中的be可以有不同的时态，可以和助动词或情态动词连用。There have been many great changes in our country since then.自从那时起我们国家发生了很多巨变。2there be句型中的be有时可以用seem to be, appear to be, happen to be, used to be, have to be, remain, lie等替换。There seems to be an announcement about the project.关于这个项目似乎有一个通知。There remains some confusion about the nature of online teaching.人们对于在线教育的性质还存在一些疑惑。3there be句型的主谓一致，如果主语由两个或两个以上的名词或代词构成，谓语动词be应和离它最近的主语保持一致。There is a knife and two pens in his pocket.他的口袋里有一把小刀和两支钢笔。4there be句型的常用结构there is no doubt that .“毫无疑问”there is no need to do .“没有必要做”there is no denying that .“不可否认”there is no point/sense in doing sth.“做某事没有意义”there is (no) difficulty in doing sth.“做某事(没)有困难”there is (no) possibility of (doing) sth./that .“(做)某事(没)有可能性”5there be句型的非谓语动词形式(there being和there to be)(1)there being结构起名词作用，用作主语或宾语，there being也可以作状语。There being a bus stop near my house is a great advantage.我家附近有个公共汽车站是很大的优势。(2)there to be可以用作动词的宾语，表示一种愿望，但目前还没实现。I expect there to be no argument about this.我期望关于这件事没有争吵。三、练高频题点.语法填空题点全练1(2018天津高考改编)It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house that we saw Lily in the passenger seat.2(2016全国卷)It could be anything gardening, cooking, music, sports but whatever it is, make (make) sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.3(2015天津高考改编)Only when Lily walked into the office did she realize that she had left the contract at home.4(2015湖南高考改编)Only after talking to two students did I discover that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.5(2018哈尔滨六校联考)Such good use does he make of his spare time that his English has improved a lot.6Give me a chance, and Ill give you a wonderful surprise.7(2018广东三校联考)It was not until dark that he found what he thought was the correct way to solve the problem.8The little boy came riding at full speed down the motorway on his bicycle. What a dangerous scene it was!9As far as I can see, there is no possibility that he will win the tennis match this time.10(2018安徽屯溪模拟)Dont be discouraged. Take (take) things as they are and you will enjoy every day of your life.短文改错题点全练1(2018青岛模拟)I had trouble overing my addiction to alcohol, and so was my friend Mike.wasdid2It is the stable and fortable life where has destroyed the young mans ambition to be a great explorer.wherethat3Not until he went through real hardship he realize the love we have for our families is important.hardship后加did4Was it because Jack came late for school which Mr.Smith got angry？whichthat5(2018福建质检)Failing for the first time has made him e to know what important a second chance is.whathow6Standing on the top of the tower and youll enjoy the scenery of the whole city.StandingStand7It was nobody else at hand, and I had to carry the heavy box to the eighth floor by myself.ItThere8Only at this moment the parents realize that what great effect their behavior had on their children.the前加did课堂应用体验 .完成句子并改写1直到她摘掉墨镜我才认出她是一位著名影星。I didnt realize she was a famous film star until_she_took_off_her_dark_glasses.It_was_not_until_she_took_off_her_dark_glasses_that I realized she was a famous film star. (改为强调句，强调时间状语)2只有通过每天花费至少两个小时学英语，你才能快速提高你的英语水平。You can improve your English level quickly only_by_spending_at_least_two_hours _learning_English_every_day.Only_by_spending_at_least_two_hours_learning_English_every_day_can_you improve your English level quickly.(改为倒装句)3当我们遇到麻烦时，我们总可以依靠的是我们的父母。We can always depend_on_our_parents when were in trouble.It_is_our_parents_that we can always depend on when were in trouble.(改为强调句，强调宾语)4你不必担心他，因为他既聪明又有经验。You neednt_worry_about_him as he is clever and experienced.There_is_no_need_to_worry_about_him as he is clever and experienced.(改为there be句型)5他说英语说得如此清晰，以至于别人都能听得懂。He speak_English_so_clearly_that he can always make himself understood.So_clearly_does_he_speak_English_that he can always make himself understood.(改为倒装句).语法填空(2018山东省部分重点中学调研)The cheongsam is a female dress with distinctive Chinese features and enjoys growing _1_ (popular) in the international world of high fashion. The name “cheongsam” _2_ (mean) simply “long dress” entered the English vocabulary from the dialect of Chinas Guangdong Province. In other parts of the country including Beijing, however, it _3_ (know) as “qipao”， which has a history behind it.After the early Manchu (满族的) rulers came to China, the Manchu women wore _4_ (normal) a onepiece dress which came to be called “qipao”. _5_ the 1911 Revolution ended the rule of the Qing Dynasty, the female dress survived the political change and, with later improvements, has bee the traditional dress for Chinese women.The cheongsam, _6_ neck is high, collar closed, fits well the Chinese female figure, and its sleeves may be either short, medium or full _7_ (long), depending on seasons or tastes. In addition, it is not too plicated _8_ (make). Nor _9_ it need too much material. Another beauty of the cheongsam is that it can be worn either _10_ casual or formal occasions. In either case, it creates an impression of simple and quiet charm, elegance and neatness.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要对中国的特色服装旗袍做了简要说明。1popularity考查名词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用名词作enjoys的宾语，故填popularity，且popularity为不可数名词。2meaning考查非谓语动词。空处和句子谓语entered之间没有连词，故用非谓语动词。因为空处和句子主语The name之间构成逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。3is known考查动词时态和语态。此处是对客观情况的一般性描述，应用一般现在时；it与know之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。4normally考查副词。修饰动词应用副词，故用副词normally修饰动词wore，在句子中作状语。5Although/Though/While考查连词。根据语境可知，上下句之间表示逻辑上的让步关系，故用连词Although/Though/While引导让步状语从句。6whose考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作定语，应用whose。7length考查名词。由空前的形容词full可知，空处应用名词length。8to make考查固定用法。分析句子结构可知，此处为固定用法：too .to do sth.意为“太而不能做某事”。9does考查倒装句。否定副词放句首，句子要部分倒装，即助动词放在主语之前；由本段的时态可知，应用一般现在时，故填does。10on考查介词。on .occasion意为“在场合下”，为固定搭配，故用介词on。.短文改错It was on a warm autumn day that my father and I walk into my new high school. After registered in the classroom, the volunteer took me to my dormitory. Altogether I had five roommates, two of which arrived later. I got to know my new roommate immediately. Although I was quite unwilling to say “Goodbye” to my father, but he had to leave to home. I suddenly realized I had grown up and that I had to look after me and live independently. Not until then I know my senior high school life had real begun.答案：第一句：walkwalked第二句：registeredregistering; 第二个thea第三句：whichwhom第四句：roommateroommates第五句：butyet或去掉but; leave后的tofor第六句：memyself第七句：then后加did; realreally
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