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A healthy life一、阅读理解Oxford English Dictionary(OED)editors recently noted that the threeletter word “run” has indeed bee the single word with the most meanings with about 645 different usage cases for the verb form alone，making it the most plicated word in the English language.The various definitions of “run” featured in the OEDs uping third edition begin with the obvious “to go with quick steps”，then continue to run on for 75 columns of type.How could three little letters be responsible for so much meaning？Context is everything.Think about it：When you run a fever，for example，those three letters have a very different meaning than when you run a bath to treat it，or when your bathwater runs over and wets your cotton bath runner，forcing you to run out to the store and buy a new one.And when you ran over a nail in the parking lot and now your car wont even run properly.Godyoud do things differently if you ran the world.When the OEDs first edition came out in 1928，the longest entry belonged to another threeletter word：“set”Even today，the print edition of the OED contains some 200 meanings，beginning with“put，lay，or stand” and continuing on for about 32 pages.So what happened? British author Simon Winchester believes “a feature of our more energetic times” made word like “set” seem more passive by parison.“Run” appears to have earned some major lift during the Industrial Revolution.“Machines run, clocks run, puters runall of those meanings began in the middle of the 19th century，” Winchester says.So，ready to run through the whole list of definitions？Ah，to read all 645 meanings youll have to wait for the next edition of the Oxford English Dictionary.1Which phrase has the first meaning of “run” in the uping third edition of OED?ATo run a fever.BTo run out to the store.CTo run a bath.DTo run a machine.2What does the writer intend to tell us in Paragraph 3?AVarious meanings of the word “run”BHow to use “run” in specific cases.CHow to learn about the word “run”DDifferent ways to run the world.3What can we learn from the text?A“Run” is the most difficult word.BThe meaning of “set” continues on for 75 columns of type.C“Run” had the most meanings in 1928.D“Run” has 645 meanings for the verb form in the third edition of OED.4What made “run” bee the word with the most meanings according to Winchester?AOxford English Dictionary.BThe various definitions.CUsage cases of the word “set”DThe Industrial Revolution.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。最近牛津英语词典的编辑注意到由3个字母组成的单词“run”仅作为动词便具有645个不同用法，成为了英语中最复杂的单词。无独有偶，还有“set”一词，也是用法较多，在词典中有大约200个意思。词汇意义的复杂多样化是社会发展、进步的象征。长难句分析：Oxford English Dictionary(OED) editors recently noted that the threeletter word“run”has indeed bee the single word with the most meanings with about 645 different usage cases for the verb form alone，making it the most plicated word in the English language.(第一段)译文：牛津英语词典的编辑最近提到3个字母的单词“run”实际上成了唯一一个仅就动词形式来讲就拥有645个不同用法的意义最多的单词，这使它成为英语语言中最复杂的单词。词汇积累：definition n释义，定义context n上下文，语境，背景uping adj.即将到来的1B推理判断题。根据第二段第一句中的“uping third edition begin with the obvious to go with quick steps”可知，第三版牛津英语词典中“run”的第一个意思是“跑”。A项意为“发烧”；B项意为“向商店跑去”；C项意为“洗澡”；D项意为“运行机器”。B项符合题意。故选B。2A推理判断题。第三段作者都是在介绍“run”搭配的不同词组及其意义。A项意为“run一词的多种含义”，符合题意。故选A。3D细节理解题。根据第二段中的“uping third edition”及第一段中的“bee the single word with the most meanings with about 645 different usage cases for the verb form alone”可知，在第三版牛津英语词典中“run”作为动词就有645个意思。A项没有提及；B、C两项表述错误。故选D。4D细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Runappears to have earned some major lift during the Industrial Revolution.Machines run，clocks run，puters runall of those meanings began in the middle of the 19th century”可知，“run”一词的含义在工业革命时期开始多起来。故选D。二、单句语法填空1Having been here for two years, I have been accustomed to _ (live) in such a noisy place.答案：livingbe accustomed to (doing) sth. “习惯于(做)某事”。2People can easily bee _ (mental) addicted to drugs when they start taking them.答案：mentally句意：当人们开始吸毒时，他们可能会很容易从精神上依赖毒品。副词作状语修饰谓语动词短语bee addicted to。3It is easy for adolescents to get _ the bad habit of smoking.答案：intoget into the habit of . “养成习惯”。4The driver was to blame for his careless driving, so a lot of money was due to _ (pay) by the driver.答案：be paidbe due to do . “应该做”。pay与money之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应填be paid。5_ (addict) to poetry, he hoped one day to be a poet himself.答案：Addicted(be) addicted to . “沉迷于”，此处为过去分词在句首作状语。6Farmers are now worried that the rain will have a very bad effect _ the crops.答案：onhave a bad effect on . “对有坏的影响”。7It is a shame _ we should have lost such an important customer.答案：thatIt is a shame that . “真可惜/真遗憾”，为固定句式。8You will risk _ (get) wet, because it may rain.答案：gettingrisk doing . “冒险做”。9I feel _ my duty that I should devote myself to teaching.答案：it句意：我感到致力于教学是我的责任。it在句中作形式宾语，that从句为真正的宾语。10It is the second time that he _ (participate) in the Olympic Games.答案：has participatedIt/This/That is/was the first/second . time that sb. have/had done sth. “这/那是某人第一/二次做某事”。三、完形填空。My mother was a responsible teacher and she retired.So I decided to give her one of my old puters to help her pass the time.She had a little bit of puter _1_，so I just set it up for her and let her _2_ with it on her own.As time went on，I _3_ the puter was hardly touched.She said she didnt know _4_ to use it.I decided to teach her.I sat and _5_ everything and she seemed OK with what I said.Unfortunately，my sister called me at that moment _6_ we talked on the phone for an hour.Then when I saw her again，she was sitting in front of the puter，looking quite _7_.The screen saver(屏幕保护程序) had appeared and she didnt know how to _8_ it off.She had tried _9_ every key and it didnt work.I told her，“Just _10_ the mouse a little.” What I meant was that she just needed to move the mouse around to _11_ the puter up.What she did was to _12_ the mouse and start shaking it around in midair until the _13_ went pletely black.I couldnt help laughing because of her funny _14_.The more I laughed the _15_ she got.She thought that I was a(n)_16_ teacher and she decided to figure the thing out herself.Well，at least I helped her overe her _17_ of breaking something and encouraged her to _18_ a little.About a week later，I found a homemade _19_ card with a mouse on the front making a funny face _20_ to my door.It said，“Thanks for the puter lessons.Love，Mom.”1A.theoryBknowledgeCtechnology Dhistory2A.watch BtrainCplay Dsee3A.found BheardCthought Dignored4A.why BwhenChow Dwhere5A.learned BdescribedCexplained Ddiscussed6A.and BbutCbecause Dsince7A.amusing BrelaxedCinteresting Ddiscouraged8A.get BbreakCcut Dturn9A.hitting BfeelingCchanging Dremoving10A.hang BshakeCrub Dpush11A.clean BwakeCbring Dtake12A.put up Bcut offCpick up Dput away13A.screen BcurtainCcover Dwindow14A.adjustment BimitationCexpression Daction15A.ruder BhappierCangrier Dbetter16A.impatient BhumorousCcareful Dhelpful17A.sadness BpressureCfear Ddepression18A.reply BobserveCanswer Dexperiment19A.inviting BgreetingCshopping Dbirthday20A.appeared BstuckCbined Dprinted【解题导语】该文主要讲述了作者教退休的母亲玩电脑的有趣故事。1B根据下文中的“She said she didnt know _4_ to use it.I decided to teach her”可推知，作者的母亲对电脑所知甚少，此处指电脑知识(knowledge)。2C根据上文中的“So I decided to give her one of my old puters to help her pass the time”可知，作者给母亲一台自己的旧电脑是让退休的母亲自己玩。play with.“玩”。3A随着时间的推移，作者发现(found)电脑几乎没被碰过。4C根据下文中的“I decided to teach her”可推知，母亲并不知道怎么(how)使用电脑，于是作者决定教她。5C根据空处前一句“I decided to teach her”和空后的“and she seemed OK with what I said”可推知，作者给母亲讲解(explained)了相关的电脑知识。6A根据语境可知，空处应填连词and，表示“然后，接着”。7D结合语境可推知，母亲不会玩电脑，感到很泄气(discouraged)。8D根据空前的“The screen saver(屏幕保护程序)had appeared”及常识可推知，电脑出现屏幕保护程序，母亲不知道怎么把它关掉。turn off“关掉”。9A根据空后的“and it didnt work”可推知，母亲因为不懂得怎么关掉屏幕保护程序，于是就按(hitting)了每一个键。10B根据语境可推知，作者教母亲稍微晃动(shake)鼠标即可。下文中的“start shaking it”也是提示。11B根据语境可推知，作者是让母亲移动鼠标，唤醒电脑。wake up“唤醒”，符合语境。12C根据空后的“start shaking it around in midair”可推知，母亲听了作者的话就把鼠标拿起来(pick up)，在空中摇晃。13A根据语境可推知，母亲不会玩电脑，拿着鼠标乱晃，结果电脑屏幕(screen)全黑了。14D根据语境可知，作者被母亲搞笑的行为(action)给逗乐了。15C根据语境可知，作者越笑，母亲越生气(angrier)。16A根据空后的“she decided to figure the thing out herself”可推知，身为老师的母亲对作者教自己玩电脑这件事很有看法，认为作者没有耐心(impatient)。17C根据语境可推知，作者帮助母亲走出了害怕(fear)损坏东西的阴影，鼓励母亲再尝试一下。18D参见上题解析。experiment“尝试”，符合语境。19B根据语境可知，母亲自己制作了一张贺卡(greeting card) ，对作者表示感谢。20B根据语境可知，此处指卡片贴在了作者的门上。stick to.意为“粘/贴在”。四、单句改错1Im not accustomed to get up so early to do morning exercises._答案：getgettingbe accustomed to doing . “习惯于做”。2He was determined to do it even at risk of being laughed at._答案：risk前加theat the risk of doing . “冒着做的危险”。3Too many stress does harm to your health._答案：manymuchstress “压力”，为不可数名词，故将many改为much。4It is high time that you go to bed._答案：gowent或在you后加shouldIt is high time that sb. did/should do . “到了某人做的时间了”。5I hate when you say such things in public._答案：hate后加itit在句中作形式宾语，真正的宾语为when引导的从句。五、七选五Being Refreshed without SleepingSometimes there is just not enough hours in the day to get everything done and get a good nights rest._1_ Once in a while you can get away with a sleepless night and still feel reasonably good by adjusting your meals and activities._2_ The last thing you want to do when you are tired is get warm and cosy；this will cause you to fall asleep.Keeping the air conditioner on will make you feel much more awake and refreshed.Eat small amounts.Eating small amounts of healthy food will help refresh you.Fruit and nuts are a good choice because they are nutritious and will energize you._3_ Try to stick to lowcarb meals to keep you going.Chewing gum after your small meal will also help keep you awake.Keep it bright.When it is dark your body thinks it is time to go to sleep.Turn on lots of lights，which will trick your body into waking up and feeling better._4_ You get double the benefits if it is daytime.Take a break.Taking a little break will help you in the long run, Turn up some energizing music to get yourself positive.Relax and talk to a friend in person or on the phone for a few minutes._5_AKeep it cool.BCalm down and sleep.CAvoid big，heavy meals as they will make you tired.DGo outside whether it is day or night for some fresh air.EMissing sleep regularly can make you sick and should be avoided.FWhen you are tired，you may just want to sit around and do nothing.GHaving a good time for a few minutes will refresh you quicker than anything else.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几种在没有睡觉的情况下恢复精神的方法。难句分析：Once in a while you can get away with a sleepless night and still feel reasonably good by adjusting your meals and activities.(第一段最后一句)译文：你可以偶尔一个晚上不睡觉，通过调整饮食和活动，感觉也仍然很好。词汇积累：adjust v调整，适应nutrition n营养energize v使充满活力positive adj.积极的，乐观的1E根据上一句内容可知，有时白天没有足够的时间完成所有的事情，晚上也不能好好休息。E项“经常失眠可能会让你生病，所以要避免”承接上文内容，符合语境。故选E。2A空格处是本段的中心句。根据本段最后一句可知，开着空调会让你觉得更加清醒、精神振作。A项“保持凉爽”与之呼应，能概括本段内容。故选A。3C根据下一句中的“stick to lowcarb meals”可知，C项中的“Avoid big, heavy meals”与之相照应，即“不要吃太多，因为它们会使你很累”。故选C。4D空格下一句提到在白天会事半功倍。D项“不管是白天还是夜晚去外面呼吸新鲜的空气”与下文衔接紧密，符合语境。故选D。5G根据本段的中心句“Take a break.”和空格上一句中的“for a few minutes”可知，D项中的“Having a good time for a few minutes”与之照应。故选G。
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