资源描述
五、推理判断 观点态度题(2018浙江，C)As cultural symbols go，the American car is quite young.The Model T Ford was built at the Piquette Plant in Michigan a century ago，with the first rolling off the assembly line(装配线) on September 27,1908.Only eleven cars were produced the next month.But eventually Henry Ford would build fifteen million of them.Modern America was born on the road，behind a wheel.The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture：the roadside diner，the billboard，the motel，even the hamburger.For most of the last century，the car represented what it meant to be Americangoing forward at high speed to find new worlds.The road novel，the road movie，these are the most typical American ideas，born of abundant petrol，cheap cars and a never-ending interstate highway system，the largest public works project in history.In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America with “a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage.” Since then，this society has moved onward，never looking back，as the car transformed America from a farm-based society into an industrial power.The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster.In America the demand for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990.The problems of excessive(过度的) energy consumption，climate change and population growth have been described in a book by the American writer Thomas LFriedman.He fears the worst，but hopes for the best.Friedman points out that the green economy(经济)is a chance to keep American strength.“The ability to design，build and export green technologies for producing clean water，clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century.”语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。其主题是“人与社会”，介绍了美国经典的“汽车文化”，它对美国各方面的影响是巨大而深远的。汽车给美国人民带来便利的同时，也带来了很多问题，例如能源的过度消耗、气候变化以及污染等。素材的选择旨在向考生传递一种科学的世界观：看待事物一定要一分为二，分析利弊，趋利避害，利用事物好的方面为人类服务。28Why is hamburger mentioned in Paragraph 2?ATo explain Americans love for travelling by car.BTo show the influence of cars on American culture.CTo stress the popularity of fast food with Americans.DTo praise the effectiveness of Americas road system.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture.even the hamburger.”可知，汽车塑造了某些最持久的美国文化，其中就包括汉堡。由此可知，汽车对于汉堡文化的形成，影响是非常大的。所以，在第二段中提及汉堡，就是为了表明汽车对于美国文化有相当大的影响。故选B项。29What has the use of cars in America led to?ADecline of economy.BEnvironmental problems.CA shortage of oil supply.DA farm-based society.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster.”可知，驱动美国梦的汽车导致了全球性的生态灾难，即汽车的使用引起了环境问题。故选B项。30What is Friedmans attitude towards Americas future?AAmbiguous. BDoubtful.CHopeful. DTolerant.答案C解析观点态度题。根据最后一段第一句“Friedman points out that the green economy(经济) is a chance to keep American strength.”可知，Friedman认为绿色经济是使美国保持实力的一个机遇。由此可知，他对美国的未来充满了希望。故选C项。一、题型解读所谓作者的观点和态度，就是表达作者对某个话题、行为、事件的看法、感觉或判断。作者的观点和态度一般分为三大类：支持、赞同、乐观；客观、中立；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词或副词。此类试题往往让考生推断文章作者或文中人物对某事所持的态度、观点或看法，或推断文中人物的语气、性格等。设问形式常有：1Whats the writers attitude towards.?2What is the authors opinion on.?3What does the author think about.?二、解题技巧“忠于措辞”定选项1文章作者或文中人物对某事物所持的观点或态度往往隐含在文章的字里行间或流露于修饰词之中，注意文中作者或人物的措辞。(1)正确掌握字里行间所隐含或流露的意思，切不可用自己的观点来代替作者或文中人物的观点。(2)留意那些描写所处氛围的语言及表达情感、态度或观点的词语或句子。(3)结合平时所积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等的背景知识来进行合理的推断。(4)关注首段首尾句，推断文章主题，确定作者观点。2要分清选项中的表示支持或肯定、中立、反对或否定的词语，再以此对照文章内容。下面是一些常见的有关作者情感、态度的词语：(1)表示支持或肯定的词语 favorable赞同的，有利的；positive积极的，肯定的，确实的；supportive支持的；approval赞成，正式批准；reasonable合理的；enthusiastic热情的等。(2)表示反对或否定的词语critical批评的；negative否定的，消极的；disapproval不赞成；impractical不实际的；radical激进的；prejudiced有成见的，偏颇的等。例如：【真题感悟】中第30题，根据最后一段第一句“Friedman points out that the green economy(经济) is a chance to keep American strength.”可知，Friedman认为绿色经济是使美国保持实力的一个机遇。由此可知，他对美国的未来充满了希望。故选C项。ACarrie Gracie is knowledgeable about China and its affairs.She also has a 1reputation as a generous colleague.She has resigned from her job as China editor because her employers will not pay her at the same rate as they pay the handful of men who do a similarly challenging and important job.She has resigned because she refused to go on colluding(共谋) with the BBCs dishonesty about its failure to give women and men equal pay for equal work.Gracie was recruited to the job，because she had all the talent and skills the BBC needed to 10cover the difficult international and domestic story of the rise of China.One of the conditions she set for taking it was equal pay with the BBCs other international editors，familiar names including Jon Sopel in Washington and Jeremy Bowen in the Middle East.Last summer，the government forced the BBC to publish which of the familiar names on radio and TV earned over 150,000.The results exposed an astonishing pay gap.They also showed Gracie that her employers had misled her.Gracie sets out all her efforts to get her bosses to do what they had 8originally promised her，but they fail to respond adequately.Instead，they prevaricate(搪塞) and offer her a pay rise that still would not have delivered equality.They thought they could buy her off.They thought that the reputational hazard she was running would scare her away from the fight.The BBC is wrong this time! Gracie has chosen to design rather than give in because she thinks that it is her responsibility to stop the BBC doing something stupid.She is fighting for womens legal rights.Gracie said she hoped she wouldnt be remembered as the woman who plained about money，but as a great journalist.She is proving that they are two sides of the same invaluable coin.Carrie Gracies 9dispute with the BBC isnt about moneyits about dignity!语篇解读文章讲述了原BBC编辑嘉莉格雷西因为同工不同酬而辞职，并为争取平等权利而斗争。1What do you know about Carrie Gracie?AShe is very strict with her office colleagues.BShe has a good mand of Chinas affairs.CShe was working together with Jon Sopel.DShe has a reputation of covering sports news.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Carrie Gracie is knowledgeable about China and its affairs.”可知，嘉莉格雷西对中国和中国的事务了如指掌。故选B。2What does Carrie Gracie demand of the BBC?AEqual pay for equal work.BBetter pay for more work.CApology for misconducts.DResponse to her plaint.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“One of the conditions she set for taking it was equal pay with the BBCs other international editors.”可知，她要求同工同酬。故选A。3We can infer from the passage that the BBC .Adidnt promise Gracie equal pay with her male colleaguesBdismissed Carrie Gracie due to her demand for higher payCwas forced to pay Gracie equal pay for doing the equal workDkept the pay of its familiar names secret before last summer答案D解析推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Last summer，the government forced the BBC to publish which of the familiar names on radio and TV earned over 150,000.”可知，直到去年夏天BBC才公开了这些人的薪酬，由此可知之前BBC一直对此保密。故选D。4What is the authors attitude towards the BBC?APositive. B2Vague.C3Critical. DCautious.答案C解析观点态度题。通过文章中作者对BBC隐瞒薪酬差距的描述可知，作者对BBC是持批评态度的。故选C。BA new study of 8,000 young people in the Journal of Health and Social Behavior shows that although love can make adults live healthily and happily，it is a bad thing for young people.Puppy love(早恋) may bring stress for young people and can lead to 4depression.The study shows that girls bee more depressed than boys，and younger girls are the worst of all.The possible reason for the connection between love and higher risk of depression for girls is “loss of self”According to the study，even though boys would say “lose themselves in a romantic relationship”，this “loss of self” is much more likely to lead to depression when it happens to girls.Young girls who have romantic relationships usually like hiding their feelings and opinions.They wont tell that to their parents.Dr Marianm Kaufman，an expert on young people problems，says 15% to 20% young people will have depression during their growing.Trying romance often causes the depression.She advises kids not to jump into 5romance too early.During growing up，it is important for young people to build strong friendships and a strong sense of self.She also suggests the parents should encourage their kids to keep close to their friends，attend more interesting school activities and spend enough time with family.Parents should watch for signs of depressioneating or mood changesand if they see signs from their daughters or sons，they need to give help.The good news is that the connection between romance and depression seems to bee weak with age.Love will always make us feel young，but only 6maturity gives us a chance to avoid its bad side effects.语篇解读一项研究显示，尽管恋爱能让成年人健康、幸福，但是早恋对青少年的伤害是极大的。早恋会给青少年带来压力，并最终导致抑郁。5Whats the main idea of the passage?ARomance is a two-edged sword for adults.BParents should forbid their childrens love.CRomance is good for young people.DPuppy love may bring young people depression.答案D解析主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据第一段中的主旨句“Puppy love(早恋) may bring stress for young people and can lead to depression.”可知，文章主要讲述了早恋可能导致青少年抑郁。故选D。6Which of the following is more likely to have depression?ACareless parents whose children are deep in love.BYoung people who have a strong sense of selfishness.CYoung girls who always hide their feelings and opinions.DYoung boys whose parents watch for their behavior.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第一段末句和第二段最后三句可知，喜欢隐藏自己的感情和观点的年轻女孩更易得抑郁症。故选C。7What can be inferred from the passage?AThe older a woman is，the less likely she seems to lose herself in romance.BLacking love can lead young people to grow up more quickly.CEarly love makes young people keep close to their friends and parents.DParents should help their children to be aware of signs of depression.答案A解析推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句“The good news is that the connection between romance and depression seems to bee weak with age.Love will always make us feel young，but only maturity gives us a chance to avoid its bad side effects.”可知，随着年龄的增长，恋爱和抑郁之间的联系会逐渐减弱，年龄越大，越不容易因恋爱而变得抑郁。故选A。8Whats the authors attitude towards puppy love?AConfused. BDisapproving.C7Neutral. DScared.答案B解析观点态度题。根据第一段前两句中的“.it is a bad thing for young people.Puppy love(早恋) may bring stress for young people and can lead to depression.”和第三段第二、三句“Trying romance often causes the depression.She advises kids not to jump into romance too early.”可知，早恋对青少年的伤害很大，作者不赞成早恋。故选B。.障碍词汇突破(一)阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思1The man from a mountain village is honest，which has earned him a good reputation nearby.名声，名誉2Julia was vague about where she had been and what she had been doing，which made us confused.模糊的3He was a music critic.What I discovered was his critical writings.批判性的4He is in a state of deep depression on account of his failure to pass the examination.抑郁5Love is when you take away the feeling，the passion，and the romance in a relationship and find out that you still care for that person.浪漫6As an adult，you should show some maturity and be considerate of other gym members.成熟7Power is not really good or bad；it is neutral.中立的(二)同义词语替换8Originally，we had planned a tour of Scotland but we didnt go in the end.At first/In the beginning9I didnt agree with the amount of money he gave me，so we had a dispute about how much money he owed me.an argument(三)一词多义10cover vt.包括；采访，报导；涉及；行走(一段路程)；足以支付；覆盖；n.封面，封皮；盖子(1)His finger went up to touch the black patch which covered his left eye.覆盖(2)It would not be easy to cover ten miles on that amount of petrol.行走(一段路程)(3)Send it to the address given with 2.50 to cover postage and administration.足以支付(4)I had just returned from covering the Cambodian war.采访，报导(5)The leather cover of the new dictionary was embellished with gold letters.封面，封皮.长难句理解1She has resigned from her job as China editor because her employers will not pay her at the same rate as they pay the handful of men who do a similarly challenging and important job.句式分析本句话主干部分为主谓宾结构，because引导的是原因状语从句；as they pay the.为as引导的方式状语从句；who do a similarly.为who引导的定语从句。精美译文她辞去了中国区编辑的职务，因为她的雇主没有付给她同那些和她做相似挑战性和重要性工作的男性同等的薪酬。2A new study of 8,000 young people in the Journal of Health and Social Behavior shows that although love can make adults live healthily and happily，it is a bad thing for young people.句式分析本句话主干是主谓宾结构，可以简化为A new study shows that.。that although love can make adults live healthily and happily，it is a bad thing for young people是宾语从句，里面含有although引导的让步状语从句。精美译文在健康和社会行为杂志中，一项对8 000名年轻人的研究表明恋爱虽然能使成年人健康快乐地生活，但是对青少年是有害的。专题强化练(二十).单项填空1 entirely with the flagship smartphone and directed by Peter Chan(陈可辛)，the 7-minute video follows a train attendant on a six-day train journey from Nanning to Harbin.AShot BPicturedCScreened DVideoed答案A解析句意为：完全使用智能手机拍摄，陈可辛执导的这部七分钟的短片追踪了一名从南宁到哈尔滨的火车上的一位列车员，该趟列车行程六天。shoot拍摄；picture画，想象；screen放映；video录制。根据句意，故选A。2When you walk into any department store in Wuxi，chances are that you will see signs with a single digit number and the Chinese character “zhe” prominently displayed next to products that are on .Adiscount BbargainCsale Dreduction答案C解析句意为：当你走进无锡的任何一家百货公司时，在正促销的商品旁边你都会看到贴着醒目的促销牌子，上边会有数字和一个中国汉字“折”。discount打折；bargain交易，便宜货；sale销售；reduction减少。on sale廉价出售。根据句意，故选C。3What is the psychology behind your mindless scribbles(涂鸦)？If your flower，for example，has a large circular center， expresses confidence and the enjoyment of a good social life.Awhich BasCthis Dsuch答案C解析句意为：信手涂鸦背后反映了什么心理？例如，如果你画的花朵有一个大大的圆心，这表明你充满自信，社交生活愉快。if引导条件状语从句，因此“ expresses confidence and the enjoyment of a good social life”是主句，无须连词，which和as是连词，故A、B不正确；this指代上文提到的事情；such表示“诸如此类的人或事”。根据语境，故选C。4Once the massive rocket by SpaceX sprinted off(腾空而起) at about 345 pm.，everything seemed to as planned，from the activation of David Bowies (大卫鲍威) music as soundtrack to the pinpoint return of two reusable booster rockets.Atake off Bgo offCset off Dpull off答案B解析句意为：(美国)太空技术探索公司(SpaceX)的巨大火箭在下午345时腾空而起，从作为配乐的大卫鲍威的音乐的激活到两个可重复使用的助推火箭的精确返回，一切似乎都在按计划进行。take off起飞；go off进行；set off引爆；pull off脱去。根据语境，故选B。5Players of the Japanese game “Travel Frog” take care of the frogs and often e to feel a pet owner，expressing pride in being the “mother” of diligent and disciplined children or worrying about the growth of their children.Alittle more than Bmore thanCno more than Dnot more than答案B解析句意为：日本的一款游戏“旅行青蛙”的玩家照顾青蛙，经常感觉自己不仅仅是一个宠物主人，也是勤奋的、有纪律的孩子的母亲，或者是担心孩子成长的母亲，并为此感到自豪。little more than仅仅是；more than不仅仅；no more than仅仅，只是；not more than不超过。根据语境，故选B。6Introverts(性格内向的人)，according to Susan Cain，tend to enjoy being alone，doing quieter things or being with just one friend at a time.She says that is they get their energy.Awhy Bwhen Chow Dwhere答案C解析句意为：性格内向的人，根据苏珊凯恩所说，常常喜欢自己待着、安静做事或者一次只和一个朋友在一起。她说这是内向性格的人获得能量的方式。why为什么；when的时候；how如何，引导表语从句，表示方式；where的地方。根据语境，故选C。7Today we focus on is called recurrent obesity(复发性肥胖) or yo-yo obesity(溜溜球式肥胖)， is the phenomenon we gain weight and then go on a successful diet，but within 12 months we go back to our original weight.Awhat；which；in whichBwhich；which；whereCall；that；thatDwhatever；as；which答案A解析句意为：今天，我们集中在被称为“复发性肥胖”或“溜溜球式肥胖”上。这是一种现象，一个人在体重增加后通过节食成功减重，但是在12个月以内又恢复到原有的体重。“ is called recurrent obesity(复发性肥胖) or yo-yo obesity(溜溜球式肥胖)”是宾语从句，从句中缺乏主语，what引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语、宾语或者表语，故第一空填what；第二空which引导非限制性定语从句，which指代整个主句内容，并在从句中作主语；“ we gain weight and then go on a successful diet”是定语从句，先行词是the phenomenon，在从句中作抽象地点状语，引导词用关系副词where或者in which。故选A。8The 19th Party Congress was a milestone in that it not just for five or ten years which party congresses traditionally do，but potentially for more than thirty years to mid-century.Aset the agenda Bset alarm bellsCset the trend Dset the limit答案A解析句意为：中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会是一个里程碑，因为它不仅做了大会传统上做的，为未来五年或十年设下了议程，而且潜在地为以后三十多年，直到本世纪中叶做了规划。set the agenda制定议程；set alarm bells设置警钟；set the trend(在式样、风尚上)带个头；set the limit设置限制。根据语境，故选A。9Had the government offered the help，we a loss.Aought not to have sufferedBcouldnt have sufferedCshouldnt sufferDcouldnt suffer答案B解析句意为：如果政府给我们提供帮助，我们就不可能遭受损失。本句表示与过去事实相反的情况，故选B。10The Spring Festival is the time of year that the largest annual mass migration on the planet when one sixth of the worlds population home.Awill see；travelsBsaw；was travellingCwill be seeing；will be travellingDsees；travel答案D解析句意为：每年的春节是这个星球上最大的年度大规模迁徙的时候，在那个时候，全球人口的六分之一旅行回家。see“见证”作定语从句中的谓语，that指代先行词the time of year，先行词是第三人称单数，与谓语动词see是主动关系，句子讲述客观事实用一般现在时，故第一空填sees；分数或者百分数修饰名词作主语，谓语动词与所修饰的名词保持人称和数的一致，根据语境可知，population此处表示“人们”是复数，文章描述客观存在的事实用一般现在时，故第二空填travel。故选D。.阅读理解ANext time you go shopping，keep in mind that there may be hidden cameras analyzing your habits.According to a 2015 survey of 150 managers from puter Services Corporation，a quarter of British shops use facial recognition software to collect data on shoppers behavior.With concerns that face-recognition cameras “are kind of invasive(冒犯的)”，British analysis firm Hoxton Analytics has e up with a new way of measuring footfall(客流)by filming peoples shoes.The technology can collect a large amount of personal information.“We have cameras at about 50 cm off the ground and they point down so they are less invasive than facial recognition，” Duncan Mann，Hoxtons officer said.As modern cities get fuller70 percent of the population will live in urban areas by 2050cameras and other technologies are taking over public spaces and collecting our data.Their purpose is to keep people safe，provide efficient services and prevent disasters and crimes.But some are not happy with the cameras as far as their privacy(隐私) is concerned.“Very few of us have any real concept of what data smart cities are gathering，” said Renate Samson.We begin giving away data as soon as we wake up.When we enter the transport system，we are giving away even more details about ourselves through smart cards，mobile phones or credit cards.Nick Millman，director at a consulting firm thinks statistics are the key to the privacy concern.He used the example of Google Maps，which is to monitor the flow of traffic in Stockholm.He explained，“It is basically adding privacy controls to statistics so that you only see the data you need to know about.In this case，Google gets enough data to improve traffic but not so much that it shows individual journey patterns.”11What is the article mainly about?AAn introduction to collecting shoppers data.BThe concern about giving away personal data.CThe problems caused by imbalanced distribution of population.DAn invention recording and collecting customers information.答案B解析主旨大意题。根据第五段可知，本文是关于对泄露个人数据的担忧。故选B。12The new technology invented by Hoxton Analytics .Acan gather a lot of peoples personal data from their shoesBuses cameras fitted on the ground to collect customers dataChas improved the accuracy of facial recognition softwareDoffers a perfect solution to customers privacy concerns答案A解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“.British analysis firm Hoxton Analytics has e up with a new way of measuring footfall(客流)by filming peoples shoes.”可知，Hoxton Analytics公司提出了一种通过拍摄人们的鞋子来测量客流量的新方法。即：通过鞋子收集很多的个人数据。故选A。13According to the author，cameras in modern cities .Acause a huge waste of public spaceBhelp reduce the size of population in urban areasCare likely to help improve traffic conditionsDare to avoid crimes and disasters and provide efficient services答案D解析细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Their purpose is to keep people safe，provide efficient services and prevent disasters and crimes.”可知，现代城市中的摄像机能避免犯罪和灾害并提供有
展开阅读全文