2017-2018学年高一英语下学期期末考试试题（含解析） (II).doc

2017-2018学年高一英语下学期期末考试试题（含解析） (II)第I卷 客观题试卷（共三部分，满分115分）第一部分 听力（百强校英语解析团队专供）（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. What does the woman mean?A. She likes fruits. B. She likes peanuts. C. She likes neither.2. What is the man doing?A. Giving advice. B. Asking for permission. C. Making an invitation.3. Where does the conversation probably take place?A. At a hotel. B. In a restaurant. C. In a supermarket.4. What is the woman probably going to do?A. Take exercise. B. Give a speech. C. Go out for a walk.5. What does the woman probably do?A. A housewife. B. A secretary. C. A manager.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6. Where are the speakers?A. In Washington. B. In Beijing. C. In Chicago.7. Where are the speakers going?A. To the womans pany. B. To the mans house. C. To a hotel.听第7段材料，回答第8-9题。8. What did the woman do tonight in the restaurant?A. She embarrassed the man. B. She yelled at the man. C. She spilt her soup.9. Why does the man make the call?A. To apologize. B. To plain. C. To criticize.听第8段材料，回答第10-12题。10. When will the man fly to Shanghai?A. On February 6th. B. On February 7th. C. On February 8th.11. What class will the man fly?A. First class. B. Business class. C. Economy class.12. How will the man pay for the ticket?A. In cash. B. By credit card. C. By cheque.听第9段材料，回答第13-16题。13. What is the possible relationship between the two speakers?A. Friends. B. Mother and son. C. Husband and wife.14. Where might the speakers be?A. In a street. B. In a library. C. At home.15. Why might the man think of the guide dogs?A. They cost too much.B. They arent as useful as we expected.C. They are hard to get.16. What can we learn from the conversation?A. The woman is blind.B. The mans fingers are very sensitive.C. They are willing to help the disabled.听第10段材料，回答第17-20题。17. Where does the speaker live?A. In Chicago. B. In New York. C. In a small town.18. Who is Peg?A. The mans daughter. B. The mans wife. C. The mans son.19. What does the speaker consider moving out of their house?A. It will be given to his son.B. Its expensive to live in.C. Its too large for the old couple.20. What is the speakers feeling about retirement?A. He still isnt ready for it mentally.B. He thinks it is hard to kill time.C. He feels it hard to make ends meet.第二部分 阅读理解（百强校英语解析团队专供）（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）The world has lost one of its brightest stars. British physicist Stephen dies on March 14, at the age of 76.Hawking is probably the worlds most famous scientists after Albert Einstein. He is an expert on black holes. He has devoted his whole life to digging into the beginning (and the end) of the universe. “My goal is simple,” Hawking once said. “It is to pletely understand the universe, why it is as it is and why it is there at all.”Hawkings achievements are even greater if you think about his disability. When he was 21, Hawking caught a bad illness that slowly stopped him form moving or talking. For a period of time, he had no way to municate except by blinking（眨眼）. Later he sat on a wheelchair with a puter by his side. To municate, he moved two fingers to control the puters mouse. He selected his words from the screen, which were then spoken by a voice synthesizer（音响合成器）.“I have had the disease for most of my life,” Hawking once said. “Yet it has not stopped me from being successful at my work.”Though Hawking was a disabled man, he made great achievements. He received many awards and prizes for his work during his lifetime. This included winning the Albert Einstein Award, which stands for the highest achievement in theoretical physics.Despite the fact that hes no longer with us, his legacy will surely live on. As Sajid Javid, a UK government minister, put it, “A brief history on Earth; an eternity in the stars.”1. From text we can learn _.A. Hawking is more famous than EinsteinB. Hawking is less famous than EinsteinC. Both Hawking and Einstein are very famousD. Neither Hawking nor Einstein is famous2. What does the underlined pronoun “it” in the second paragraph stand for?A. The universe. B. The earth.C. The goal. D. The black hole.3. According to the text, which of the following statements is the fact?A. Hawking received many awards and prizes except the Albert Einstein Award.B. The illness kept him from moving and talking.C. He municated with others by speaking.D. The illness stopped him from being successful.【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B【解析】这是一篇人物传记类的文章。文章主要讲了继爱因斯坦之后世界上最著名的科学家霍金。霍金是黑洞理论方面的专家，他一生都致力于研究宇宙的起源。霍金一直患有疾病，但是这不能阻止他在工作中取得成功，他一生中取得了巨大的成就，获得了许多奖项。【1题详解】C 推理判断题 第二段Hawking is probably the worlds most famous scientists after Albert Einstein.霍金是继爱因斯坦之后世界上最著名的科学家，可知霍金和爱因斯坦都很出名，故选C。【2题详解】A 词义猜测题 句意：这个目标就是完全了解宇宙，为什么它是这样子的，为什么它在那里。由此可知此处的代词it指代的是上半句中的universe，故选A。【3题详解】B 细节理解题 根据第三段When he was 21, Hawking caught a bad illness that slowly stopped him form moving or talking.可知这个病使霍金不能移动和说话，故选B。BBelow is a selection from a popular science book.If blood is red, why are veins（静脉）blue?Actually, veins are not blue at all. They are more of a clear, yellowish colour. Although blood looks red when its outside the body, when its sitting in a vein near the surface of the skin, its more of a dark reddish purple colour. At the right depth, these blood-filled veins reflect less and light than the surrounding skin, making them look blue by parison.Which works harder, your heart or your brain?That kind of depends on whether you are busy thinking or busy exercising. Your heart works up to three times harder during exercise, and shifts enough blood over a lifetime to fill a supertanker. But, in the long run, your brain probably tips it, because even when youre sitting still your brain is using twice as much energy as your heart, and it takes four to five times as much blood to feed it.Do old people shrink as they age?Yes and no. Many people do get shorter as they age. But, when they do, it isnt because theyre shrinking all over. They simply lose height as their spine（脊柱）bees shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effects of gravity（重力）. Many (but not all) men and women do lose height as they get older. Men lose an average of 3-4 cm in height as they age, while women may lose 5 cm or more. If you live to be 200 years old, would you keep shrinking till you were, like 60 cm tall, like a little boy again? No, because old people dont really shrink! It is not that they are growing backwards their legs, arms and backbones getting shorter. When they do get shorter, its because the spine has shortened a little. Or, more often, bee more bait and curved.Why does spinning make you dizzy（眩晕的）?Because your brain gets confused between what youre seeing and what youre feeling. The brain senses that youre spinning using special gravity-and-motion-sensing organs in your inner ear, which work together with your eyes to keep your vision and balance stable. But when you suddenly stop spinning the system goes out of control, and your brain thinks youre moving while youre not!Where do feelings and emotions e from?Mostly from an ancient part of the brain called the limbic system. All mammals have this brain area from mice to dogs, cats, and humans. So all mammals feel basic emotions like fear, pain and pleasure. But since human feelings also involve other. newer bits of the brain, we feel more plex emotions than any other animal on the planet.If exercise wears you out, how can it be good for you?Because our bodies adapt to everything we do to them. And as far as your body is concerned, its use it, or lose it”! Its not that exercise makes you healthy; its more that a lack of exercise leaves your body weak and easily affected by disease.4. What is the colour of blood in a vein near the surface of the skin?A. Blue. B. Light yellow.C. Red. D. Dark reddish purple.5. Why do some old people look a little shrunken as they age?A. Because their spine is in active use.B. Because they are more easily affected by gravity.C. Because they keep growing backwards.D. Because their spine bees more bent.6. Which of the following statements about our brain is true?A. In the long run, our brain probably works harder than our heart.B. When our brain senses the spinning, we will fell dizzy.C. The brains of the other mammals are as plex as those of humans.D. Our feelings and emotions e from the most developed area in our brain.7. What is the main purpose of the selection?A. To give advice on how to stay healthy.B. To provide information about our body.C. To challenge new findings in medical research.D. To report the latest discoveries in medical science.【答案】4. D 5. D 6. A 7. B【解析】本文是一篇说明文。本文选自科普读物。主要讲了我们身体的一些秘密。比如血液是红色的，但是静脉为什么看起来是蓝色的等等。【4题详解】D 细节理解题 根据第二段Although blood looks red when its outside the body, when its sitting in a vein near the surface of the skin, its more of a dark reddish purple colour.可知在皮肤表层的血管中血液的颜色是dark reddish purple，故选D。【5题详解】D 细节理解题 根据第四段They simply lose height as their spine（脊柱）bees shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effects of gravity.可知老年人萎缩是因为脊柱使用不当和重力的作用导致脊柱变短和弯曲造成的。故选D。【6题详解】A 细节理解题 文章第三段But, in the long run, your brain probably tips it, because even when youre sitting still your brain is using twice as much energy as your heart, and it takes four to five times as much blood to feed it.可知大脑比心脏的工作量大，因为即使你坐着不动，大脑需要的能量是心脏的两倍，需要的血液量是心脏的四到五倍。故选A。【7题详解】B 目的意图题 整篇文章讲述的是人身体的各种信息，选项B是文章的目的，其他选项要么文章没有提及，要么只是某段的意思。综上，故选B。CShine United (Madison, Wisconsin)In the past five years, this Wisconsin-based advertising agency has shared more than $500,000 in profits with its employees through the panys ShineShares program. The agency partnered with the University of Wisconsins oncology department to develop the Ride, a biking event that benefits cancer research. Employees also get snacks every day, “Beer Thirty” on Thursdays, and Summer Fridays, a program that lets employees leave at noon.GroundFloor Media (Denver, Colorado)The key for workers at this midsize public relations firm in Denver is that employees work anytime, anywhere. Headquarters are in a former warehouse downtown, near Coors Field. The offices are spread around the central space that doubles as a wet bar every Thursday when the panys “bear club” brings in a new brew.Ergodyne (St. Paul, Minnesota)The St. Paul-based pany has grown to operating out of a retired storehouse with plenty of natural light. Rules about dressing? “Wear something.” Its purpose? To create cool, fortable, and tough safety workwear for those who need it to get the job done. Ergodyne has around 50 employees, who enjoy hot-dish cook-offs, tickets to sporting events, and at least one happy hour every quarter.Southwest Michigan First (Kalamazoo, Michigan)Its family first at this Michigan economic development advising agency. CEO Ron Kitchens says that in the past year, the pany has made a push to go green, initially started by the millennial employees who make up half the agencys workforce. A new staff position was created for the purpose of making sure every employee is able to balance working and cheering at their kids sporting events or going fishing.8. Whats the purpose of the ShineShares program?A. To raise money for a research. B. To let employees leave earlier.C. To share the panys benefits. D. To partner with a local university.9. What does Southwest Michigan First encourage their employees to do?A. To acpany their families. B. To create new staff positions.C. To join in cooking petitions. D. To enjoy themselves in sporting events.10. Which pany allows its staff a flexible working time?A. Shine United. B. GroundFloor Media.C. Southwest Michigan First. D. Ergodyne.11. What do the four panies mentioned in the text have in mon?A. They offer employees financial support.B. They care about employees happiness.C. They have strict rules about dressing.D. They have training programs.【答案】8. C 9. A 10. B 11. B【解析】文章介绍了美国几家关注员工快乐的公司。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据Shine United (Madison, Wisconsin)部分的第一句话In the past five years, this Wisconsin-based advertising agency has shared more than $500,000 in profits with its employees through the panys ShineShares program.可知，在过去的五年里，这家威斯康星广告代理公司已经通过公司的ShineShares program和雇员分享了超过50万美元的利润。故the ShineShares program的目的是分享公司的利润。故选C。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据Southwest Michigan First (Kalamazoo,Michigan)部分的最后一句A new staff position was created for the purpose of making sure every employee is able to balance working and cheering at their kids sporting events or going fishing.可知，这家公司确保每位雇员能够平衡工作和为孩子们的体育赛事喝彩或钓鱼，故推知这家公司鼓励雇员陪伴家人，故选A。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段GroundFloor Media (Denver,Colorado)中的句子The key for workers at this midsize public relations firm in Denver is that employees work anytime, anywhere. 可知，Denver的这家中型公共关系公司的工人们可以在任何时间、任何地点工作。故本题选B。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据这四个公司中的句子a biking event that benefits cancer research.，Employees also get snacks every day, lets employees leave at noon.有益于癌症研究的骑车项目雇员每天也会有零食，让雇员中午下班；The key for workers at this midsize public relations firm in Denver is that employees work anytime, anywhere. （工人们可以在任何时间、任何地点工作）；50 employees, who enjoy hot dish cook-offs, tickets to sporting events, and at least one happy hour every quarter.（雇员可以享受烹饪竞赛，运动项目门票以及每星期至少一小时快乐时光）；making sure every employee is able to balance working and cheering at their kids sporting events or going fishing.（这家公司确保每位雇员能够平衡工作和为孩子们的体育赛事喝彩或钓鱼。）可推断，这四家公司都关注雇员的快乐，故选B。DTraffic jam and cities, it seems go hand in hand. Everyone plains about being stuck in traffic, but, like the weather, no one seems to do anything about it. In particular, traffic engineers, transportation planners, and public officials responsible for transportation systems in large cities are frequently criticized for failing to solve traffic jam.But is traffic jam a sign of failure? Long lines at restaurants or theaters box offices are seen as signs of success. Should transportation systems be viewed any differently? I think we should recognize that traffic jam is an unpreventable by-product of successful cities and view the “traffic problem” in a different light.Traffic jam occurs where there are lots of people but limited spaces. Culturally and economically successful cities have the worst traffic problems, while decaying cities dont have much traffic. New York and Los Angeles are Americas most crowded cities. But if you want access to major brokerage houses（经济行）, you will find them easier to reach in crowded New York than in any other large cities. And if your pany needs access to post-production film editors or satellite-guidance engineers, you will reach them more quickly through the crowded freeways of LA than through less crowded roads elsewhere.Despite traffic jam, a larger number and wider variety of social munications and economic dealings can be made perfect in large, crowded cities than elsewhere. Seen in this light, traffic jam is an unfortunate result of success, not a cause of economic decline and urban decay.So while we can consider traffic jam as increasing costs on the areas of big cities, the costs of inaccessibility in uncrowded places are almost certainly greater.There is no doubt that traffic jam brings the terrible economic and environmental damage in places like Bangkok, Jakarta, and Lagos. But mobility（移动性）is far higher and traffic jam levels are far lower here in the US, even in our most crowded cities. Thats why, for now, we dont see people and capital streaming out of San Francisco and Chicago, heading for other cities in California, and Illinois.12. We can conclude from the first paragraph that _.A. traffic jam and weather are the two factors preventing the development of the big cityB. traffic jam seems to be very difficult to deal withC. if traffic engineers try their best, traffic jam can be solvedD. public officials are always criticized for misusing their power13. According to the passage, whats the authors opinion towards traffic jam?A. In cities, traffic jam is unavoidable.B. Traffic jam is both a sign of failure and a sign of success.C. Traffic jam is the consequence of successful cities.D. For a successful city, traffic jam is not unpreventable.14. By seeing “decaying” (in Para. 3), the writer probably means _.A. strong and healthyB. developingC. rich and successfulD. declining15. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. The traffic jam level in Jakarta is lower than that in the US.B. The traffic jam in San Francisco has resulted in the capital being empty.C. Traffic jam has caused terrible bad effects in cities such as Bangkok and Lagos.D. California is as crowded and successful as San Francisco.【答案】12. B 13. C 14. D 15. C【解析】这是一篇社会现象类的文章。交通堵塞和城市相伴而生。人们似乎对交通堵塞现象无能为力，但是作者认为交通拥挤是城市成功不可避免的副产品，应该从不同的角度来看待交通堵塞现象。【12题详解】B 推理判断题 根据第一段In particular, traffic engineers, transportation planners, and public officials responsible for transportation systems in large cities are frequently criticized for failing to solve traffic jam.可知交通工程师，交通规划者和负责大城市交通系统的公共官员经常因为未能解决交通拥堵而受到批评，可知交通拥挤的问题非常难处理。故选B。【13题详解】C 观点态度题 根据第二段I think we should recognize that traffic jam is an unpreventable by-product of successful cities and view the “traffic problem” in a different light.可知作者认为交通拥挤是城市成功不可避免的副产品，即交通拥挤是成功城市的结果。故选C。【14题详解】D 词义猜测题 while表示转折，上半句说文化和经济都successful的城市存在交通问题，那么下半句就是相反的情况，所以decaying应该是与successful相反的词，选项declining表示“衰落的”，与题意相符，故选D。【15题详解】C 推理判断题 根据最后一段There is no doubt that traffic jam brings the terrible economic and environmental damage in places like Bangkok, Jakarta, and Lagos.可知交通拥挤给曼谷、雅加达以及拉各斯带来严重的经济和环境问题，故选C。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。The Value of TearsTears can ruin make-up, bring conversation to a stop, and give you a runny nose. Tears leave you embarrassed and without energy. Still, crying is a fact of life, and your tears are very useful. Even when youre not crying, they make a film over the eyes surface. _16_When tears fall, they reduce stress. But we tend to fight them for all sorts of reasons. “People worry about showing their emotions（情绪）, afraid that once they lose control theyll never get it back.” _17_ After we cry, the feelings that caused the tears often disappear.Sometimes people bee much stressed and cant cry. Whatever emotion they are feeling shock, anger, fear, or sadnessis being held back.But everyone has the need to cry. Psychologist Vera Diamond explains that her treatment often consist of giving people permission to cry. _18_ Patients practice crying just to bee used to expressing emotions. She suggests safe, private places to cry, like under the bedcovers or in the car. Crying is a way of ease tension, but people dont like it when others cry because it makes them tense. _19_ And theyll do just about anything to make you stop.In certain situations, such as at work, tears are not appropriate. Its good not to cry during a tense business discussion. _20_