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附录一构词法一、派生(一)后缀法1.变名词(1)-ence,-ance结尾的名词:存在existexistence 发生occuroccurrence查阅/参考referreference更喜欢/偏好preferpreference不同differdifference接受acceptacceptance出现/外表appearappearance履行performperformance抵制resistresistance指导guideguidance进入enterentrance保险insureinsurance帮助assistassistance忍受 endureendurance/toleratetolerance (2)-tion,-sion结尾的名词:生产produceproduction介绍introduceintroduction 消费consumeconsumption 减少reducereduction 认为/假设assumeassumption/supposesupposition 毁灭 destroydestruction描写describedescription打断 interruptinterruption 采纳/收养 adoptadoption防止 preventprevention接收/接待处receivereception解决 solvesolution进化evolveevolution 建议 suggestsuggestion编辑/版本 editedition展览 exhibitexhibition 打算/意图 intendintention认出recognizerecognition解释/定义 definedefinition 保护 protectprotection方向/指导directdirection指令 instructinstruction建设constructconstruction注射 injectinjection感染 infectinfection驳斥 rejectrejection反对 objectobjection/opposeopposition连接connectconnection收集 collectcollection纠正 correctcorrection 视察 inspectinspection挑选selectselection选举 electelection限制 restrictrestriction抵触/矛盾contradictcontradiction 保留 reservereservation保存 preservepreservation保护conserveconservation观察observeobservation挨饿starvestarvation组织organizeorganization文明 civilizecivilization认识 realizerealization考试examineexamination决定determinedetermination形成formformation 通知 informinformation 想象 imagineimagination 运输transporttransportation 邀请inviteinvitation 期待expectexpectation诱惑 tempttemptation改编/适应 adaptadaptation移民 immigrateimmigration模仿 imitateimitation准备preparepreparation探索exploreexploration考虑considerconsideration宣布 declaredeclaration装饰 decoratedecoration激发/灵感 inspireinspiration放松/休闲 relaxrelaxation交流communicatecommunication占用/职业 occupyoccupation满足satisfysatisfaction申请/应用 applyapplication 暗示 implyimplication 推荐 recommendrecommendation口译/理解 interpretinterpretation结合 combinecombination操作/手术 operateoperation 犹豫hesitatehesitation教育educateeducation 定位 locatelocation指出 indicateindication参加 participateparticipation计算 calculatecalculation欣赏/感激appreciateappreciation联想/协会 associateassociation 分离 separateseparation冬眠 hibernatehibernation赔偿 compensatecompensation 调查 investigateinvestigation庆祝 celebratecelebration祝贺 congratulatecongratulation翻译 translatetranslation积累 accumulateaccumulation加速 accelerateacceleration捐赠 donatedonation解放liberateliberation动力motivatemotivation革新innovateinnovation集中concentrateconcentration游行/示威 demonstratedemonstration 贡献contributecontribution 分发 distributedistribution促进 promotepromotion 致力 devotedevotion/dedicatededication沮丧 frustratefrustration/depressdepression印象impressimpression表达expressexpression拥有/财产possesspossession讨论discussdiscussion扩大 expandexpansion延伸extendextension承认 admitadmission允许 permitpermission排放 emitemission爆炸explodeexplosion结论concludeconclusion决定 decidedecision划分dividedivision迷惑confuseconfusion(3)-ment结尾的名词:广告 advertiseadvertisement同意 agreeagreement惊奇amazeamazement吃惊 astonishastonishment通告announceannouncement安排 arrangearrangement评估assessassessment发展 developdevelopment失望disappointdisappointment雇用/就业employemployment鼓舞 encourageencouragement款待/娱乐entertainentertainment装备 equipequipment统治/政府governgovernment改进improveimprovement 投资 investinvestment卷入 involveinvolvement管理 managemanagement惩罚 punishpunishment要求 requirerequirement退休 retireretirement定居/定居处settlesettlement阐述/陈述 statestatement对待/治疗treattreatment以为基础/地下室basebasement铺/人行道 pavepavement完成/成就achieveachievement/accomplishaccomplishment(4)-ness结尾的名词:adj.n.意识awareawareness/consciousconsciousness苦bitterbitterness盲目blindblindness冷静 calmcalmness聪明 clevercleverness疯狂crazycraziness渴望 eagereagerness公平fairfairness 愚蠢 foolishfoolishness适合 fitfitness幸福/愉快happyhappiness疾病illillness友好 kindkindness懒惰 lazylaziness孤独lonelyloneliness宁静 quietquietness悲伤 sadsadness严重性 seriousseriousness甜美sweetsweetness稳定 steadysteadiness厚度thickthickness累 tiredtiredness弱点 weakweakness冷/冷淡 coldcoldness惶恐不安nervousnervousness思乡 homesickhomesickness 粗心 carelesscarelessness自私selfishselfishness 无私selflessselflessness/unselfishunselfishness 无助/无望helplesshelplessness/hopelesshopelessness (5)-age结尾的名词:婚姻marrymarriage短缺shortshortage储存storestorage包裹packpackage车厢carrycarriage通道passpassage(6)-th结尾的名词:温暖warmwarmth真理truetruth死亡deaddeath成长growgrowth(7)-ure结尾的名词:快乐pleasepleasure离开departdeparture暴露exposeexposure压力presspressure失败failfailure混合mixmixture签名signsignature(8)-ce结尾的名词:adj.n.缺席 absentabsence 出席presentpresence信心 confidentconfidence 方便 convenientconvenience不同differentdifference 勤奋 diligentdiligence远的/距离distantdistance明显的/证据evidentevidence优秀excellentexcellence重要importantimportance独立 independentindependence天真/无辜innocentinnocence智力 intelligentintelligence 公正 justjustice耐心patientpatience浪漫 romanticromance沉默silentsilence暴力violentviolence v.n.冒犯 offendoffence 防御 defenddefense(AmE)defence(BrE)建议 adviseadvice设施 devisedevice(9)-dom结尾的名词:自由freefreedom王国kingkingdom智慧wisewisdom(10)-hood结尾的名词:孩童时代childhood男孩时代boyhood邻里neighborhood(11)-ship结尾的名词:所有权ownership锦标赛championship友谊friendship手艺craftsmanship奖学金scholarship领导才能leadership艰难hardship关系relationship(12)-ing结尾的名词:农业farming变暖warming园艺gardening学业schooling绘画painting意思meaning绘画drawing训练training录音tape-recording衣物clothing感觉feeling十字路口crossing工资earnings问候greeting储蓄savings所发生的事情happenings发现findings财产belongings痛苦suffering贡品offering环境surroundings保龄球bowling举重weight-lifting射击shooting摔跤wrestling2.变形容词(1)-y结尾的形容词:n.adj.阳光灿烂的sunsunny 多雨的rainrainy被雪覆盖的snowsnowy有风的windwindy有暴风雨的stormstormy寒冷的chillchilly 多雾的fogfoggy有霜的frostfrosty 冰冷的iceicy阴沉的gloomgloomy布满星星的starstarry泥泞的mudmuddy布满灰尘的dustdusty脏的dirtdirty健康的healthhealthy富有的wealthwealthy 霸道的bossbossy臭的smellsmelly美味的tastetasty咸的saltsalty皮包骨的skinskinny贪婪的greedgreedy迅速的speedspeedy狡猾的/棘手的tricktrickyv.adj.爱挑剔的choosechoosy/pickpicky黏的sticksticky悦耳易记的 catchcatchy害怕的 scarescary滑溜的slipslippery(2)-al,-ial结尾的形容词:n.adj.全球的globeglobal文化的 culturecultural农业的 agricultureagricultural情景的situationsituational有条件的 conditionconditional环境的environmentenvironmental化学的chemistrychemical医学的medicinemedical原始的originoriginal政治的politicspolitical实际的practicepractical理论的 theorytheoretical音乐的 musicmusical感情的 emotionemotional国家的nationnational自然的naturenatural个人的personpersonal偶尓的occasionoccasional精神上的mindmental身体上的physicsphysical偶然的accidentaccidental教育的educationeducational技术上的techniquetechnical心理上的 psychologypsychological沿海的 coastcoastal种族的raceracial面部的 facefacial工业的industryindustrial金融的financefinancial商业的commercecommercial官方的officeofficial有益的 benefitbeneficial典型的typetypical有影响的 influenceinfluential(3)-ful,-less结尾的形容词:感激的thankthankful=grateful充足的plentyplentiful美丽的 beautybeautiful成功的successsuccessful可怕的aweawful忠实的faithfaithful和平的 peacepeaceful高兴的 joyjoyful/cheercheerful=enjoyable非常干净的spotspotless无休止的endendless无家可归的 homehomeless无工作的 jobjobless=unemployed身无分文的pennypenniless无私的 selfselfless=unselfish无目标的 aimaimless无线的 wirewireless无限的 limitlimitless珍贵的/无价的pricepriceless=invaluable毫无价值的 valuevalueless/worthworthless无语的 speechspeechless上气不接下气的breathbreathless小心的,粗心的 carecareful,careless多彩的,无色的colorcolorful,colorless有用的,无用的useuseful,useless成果丰硕的,无成效的fruitfruitful,fruitless强大的,无能力的powerpowerful,powerless有意义的,无意义的meaningmeaningful,meaningless=pointless=senseless痛苦的,不痛的painpainful,painless后悔的,无悔的regretregretful,regretless有害的,无害的harmharmful,harmless闲适宁静的,躁动不安的restrestful,restless优雅的,粗鲁的gracegraceful,graceless抱有希望的,无望的hopehopeful,hopeless有帮助的/愿意帮忙的,无助的 helphelpful,helpless考虑周到的/不周到的 thoughtthoughtful,thoughtless(4)-(i)ous结尾的形容词:n.adj.许多的numbernumerous多山的mountainmountainous冒险的adventureadventurous 紧张的 nervenervous有毒的 poisonpoisonous危险的dangerdangerous灾难的disasterdisastrous小心的cautioncautious营养的 nutritionnutritious宗教的 religionreligious宽敞的 spacespacious有抱负的 ambitionambitious神秘的 mysterymysterious (5)-able,-(s)ible 结尾的形容词:(不)可预见的 predict(un)predictable(不)可避免的 avoid(un)avoidable(不)可忘的forget(un)forgettable(不)想要的desire(un)desirable(不)舒服的comfort(un)comfortable有(不)利的favor(un)favorable(不)合适的suit(un)suitable(不)可忍受的bear(un)bearable(不)可忍受的endure(un)endurable(不)可信的believe(un)believable(不)可信的credit(in)credible(不)可接近的 access(in)accessible看(不)见的view(in)visible(不)可治愈的cure(in)curable支付得起的affordaffordable适应力强的adaptadaptable可更新的renewrenewable便携的portportable多变的changechangeable可吃的eateatable可依靠的relyreliable可行的 workworkable有价值的valuevaluable合理的reasonreasonable高兴的enjoyenjoyable流行的 fashionfashionable(6)-tive结尾的形容词:v.adj.多产的produceproductive迷人的attractattractive有创造力的createcreative保护的protectprotective预防性的preventpreventative健谈的talktalkative可供替代的alteralternative相关的 relaterelative 有教育意义的instructinstructive有竞争力的competecompetitiven.adj.有效的effecteffective贵的expenseexpensive(7)-tic,-fic结尾的形容词:系统的systemsystematic科学的 sciencescientific戏剧般的dramadramatic浪漫的 romanceromantic有同情心的 sympathysympathetic精力充沛的energyenergetic(8)-en结尾的形容词:羊毛的 woolwoolen金色的 goldgolden木制的 woodwooden(9)以-some结尾的形容词:英俊的 handhandsome令人惊叹的 aweawesome令人烦恼的 troubletroublesome烦人的 tiretiresome(10)-ly结尾的形容词:致命的deaddeadly活跃的 livelively友好的 friendfriendly兄弟般的brotherbrotherly有次序的 orderorderly昂贵的 costcostly每月的monthmonthly每天的daydaily3.变动词(1)-fy结尾的动词:净化purepurify 简化simplesimplify美化 beautifulbeautify使合理化 justjustify使恐惧terribleterrify使震惊horriblehorrify合格化qualityqualify分类classclassify(2)-ize结尾的动词:adj.v.认识到 realrealize使现代化modernmodernize使工业化industrialindustrialize使普及 popularpopularize集权centralcentralize使全球化 globalglobalize使理想化 idealidealize使稳定 stablestabilize使正常化normalnormalize社会化socialsocialize使专门化specialspecializen.v.使物质化materialmaterialize总结summarysummarize记忆memorymemorize(3)-en结尾的动词:变暗darkdarken加快quickquicken削尖 sharpsharpen削弱 weakweaken松开 looseloosen变紧 tighttighten软化 softsoften使更明亮brightbrighten恶化 badworsen减少littlelessen减轻/变亮lightlighten变黑blackblacken加宽broadbroaden缩短 shortshortenadj.n.v.加深 deepdepthdeepen加长longlengthlengthen加宽widewidthwiden加高highheightheighten加强 strongstrengthstrengthen(4)-e结尾的动词(注意发音变化):n.v.洗澡bathbathe呼吸breathbreathe给穿衣clothclothe(二)前缀法1.超过over-:无意中听到overhear超过overtake睡过头oversleep推翻overthrow/overturn人口过剩overpopulation克服overcome忽略/俯视overlook2.重新re-:康复/找回recover脱(衣服等)/移开remove续借/更换/续签renew回收利用recycle替代replace使恢复精力 refresh改革 reform复习review3.前的fore-:预告 foretell前额 forehead预报forecast预知 foresee4.前的pre-:前提precondition预告 predict战前的 pre-war幼儿园preschool预演preview5.前的ex-:前妻ex-wife前总统 ex-president6.后的post-:战后的 post-war研究生 postgraduate7.多的multi-:多媒体的multimedia多元文化的multicultural多项选择的 multiple-choice8.远的tele-:电话telephone电视television电报telegram电信telecommunications望远镜telescope9.相互的inter-:面试interview国际的international互联网Internet相互作用 interact10.微小的micro-:麦克风microphone微波microwave微软microsoft显微镜microscope11.自动的auto-:汽车automobile自传autobiography亲笔签名autograph自动地automatically12.副的vice-:副总统 vice-president副总理 vice-premier13.生态的 eco-:生态学 ecology生态系统 ecosystem生态友好的 eco-friendly14.中国的Sino-:中日的Sino-Japanese中石化 Sinopec15.潜/次一级 sub-:潜意识(的)subconscious亚热带的 subtropical地铁subway潜水艇submarine郊区的suburban副标题subtitle16.半semi-:半熟练的 semi-skilled半决赛semi-final17.三tri-:三轮车tricycle三角形 triangle18.横跨trans-:转移 transfer转变transform传播transmit移植 transplant(三)否定的前缀或后缀1.in-,im-/il-,ir-不活跃的inactive不贵的 inexpensive缺乏经验的 inexperienced随便的 informal不完整的incomplete不方便的inconvenient独立的independent间接的indirect不重要的 insignificant无能力的 incapable/incompetent不合适的improper/inappropriate不精确的inaccurate/incorrect/inexact不充足的inadequate/insufficient不成熟的immature不耐烦的impatient不完美的imperfect不可能的impossible不礼貌的impolite不合逻辑的illogical不合法的illegal不规则的irregular不负责的 irresponsible2.un-不寻常的unusual不安的uneasy不公平的unfair/unjust不知道的unaware/unconscious不确定的uncertain不受欢迎的unpopular不普通的uncommon不愉快的unpleasant不重要的unimportant不必要的unnecessary不成功的unsuccessful没被注意的unnoticed不整洁的untidy不合理的unreasonable未完成的 unfinished/undone脱衣 undress打开unfold卸车unload开的锁 unlock解冻unfreeze出土/挖掘 unearth拧开unscrew解开undo/unpack揭露uncover3.dis-消失disappear不鼓励discourage揭露 disclose发现discover不同意 disagree不同意 disapprove不服从disobey不诚实的dishonest不满意的dissatisfied可耻的 disgraceful弱点disadvantage 紊乱disorder4.mis-误导(v.)mislead误导的(adj.)misleading误解(v.)misunderstand滥用 misuse误解(n.)misunderstanding拼错 misspell不信任 mistrust5.anti-防空的anti-aircraft防冻剂antifreeze抗日战争 Anti-Japanese War反社会的antisocial6.de-降级 degrade减少decrease贬值 devalue解冻 defrost毁林 deforestation7.ill-虐待ill-treat信息不足的ill-informed不礼貌的 ill-mannered不合时宜的ill-timed不合适的ill-fitting没教养的 ill-bred考虑欠周的ill-considered时运不济的ill-fated非法得到的ill-gotten不健康 ill health8.non-非营利的non-profit直达的non-stop不吸烟者non-smoker防滑的non-slip废话nonsense非暴力non-violence不可再生资源 non-renewable resources9.-free无忧无虑的carefree无利息的 interest-free免税的duty-free10.-proof防水的 waterproof防震的 shockproof二、转化(一)动词与名词的转换:如:1.倒退(v.)He backed his car into the garage.支持(v.)You are not alone,and we are all backing you.背后(n.)Shes the kind of person who talks about you behind your back.2.领导(v.)He headed the rebellion.使对着某处行进(v.)He headed his boat for the shore.头(n.)He was shot in the head,dead.3.缺乏(v.)I lack words with which to express my thanks.缺乏(n.)Lack of proper funding is making our job more difficult.(二)动词与形容词的转换:如:1.越过(v.)The dog succeeded in clearing the fence.清理(v.)He cleared the table by taking plates,forks and knives away.清楚的(adj.)To make yourself clear without using facial expressions can be very difficult.2.打扫(v.)Your shoes need cleaning.干净的(adj.)Try to keep your room clean and tidy.3.意味着(v.)What do you mean by saying that?吝啬的(adj.)He has always been mean with his money.(三)形容词与名词的转换:身体好的/井 well好的/罚款 fine公平的/展览会 fair主要的/首领 chief耐心的/病人 patient安全的/保险箱 safe坚定的/公司 firm稳定的/马厩stable相对的/亲戚relative平淡的/平原plain满意的/内容content具体的/混凝土concrete三、合成1.合成形容词(1)adj.+present participle漂亮的good-looking闻着芳香的sweet-smelling随和的easy-going长相一般的ordinary-looking(2)adv.+present participle永久的ever-lasting职位高的high-ranking畅销货best-selling goods=bestseller(3)adv.+past participle著名的well-known新婚的 newly-married本地制造的locally-produced坚信的firmly-believed密切相关的closely-related广泛接受的 widely-accepted穿着随意的informally-dressed容易形成的easily-formed牢固的 strongly-built高度发达的highly-developed人口稠密的 densely-populated正式发行的officially-released正式承认的officially-recognized(4)n.+present participle省时的time-saving耗能的energy-consuming爱好和平的peace-loving制片的film-making伤心的heart-breaking令人惊叹的breathtaking 说英语的English-speaking解决问题的problem-solving令人垂涎的 mouth-watering赢利的profit-making(5)n.+past participle国营的state-owned由衷的 heartfelt人造的 man-made覆盖雪的snow-covered粗糙的 weather-beaten国产的home-made一贫如洗的 poverty-stricken好奇心驱使的curiosity-driven个体经营的self-employed政府支持的 government-backed(6)n.+adj.环保的environment-friendly=environmentally friendly节能的energy-efficient有成本效益的cost-effective(7)adj.+n.+-ed心不在焉的absent-minded心地善良的kind-hearted目光短浅的short-sighted近视的near-sighted左撇子的left-handed头发花白的white-haired长尾巴的long-tailed和蔼可亲的good-natured脾气坏的bad-tempered思想开明的open-minded狭隘的narrow-minded头脑简单的simple-minded有空调的air-conditioned(8)n.+-ed详细的detaildetailed有经验的experienceexperienced有天赋的giftgifted/talenttalented有技能的skillskilled2.合成名词缺点drawback框架framework人类 mankind发源地birthplace壁炉 fireplace木柴 firewood标志性建筑landmark 手电筒flashlight车前灯headlight床上用品 bedclothes日光daylight白天daytime晚间 night-time 总部/总公司 headquarters拂晓 sunrise傍晚 sunset阳光 sunshine城市商业区 downtown小山坡 hillside合作teamwork瀑布 waterfall降雨量 rainfall 视力eyesight薄饼pancake仓库warehouse软件software硬件 hardware 草地grassland农田farmland大陆mainland祖国homeland家乡 hometown笔记本 notebook台式电脑 desktop手提电脑 laptop立场 standpoint邮递员 postman/mailman电子邮箱 mailbox行李箱 suitcase公文包 briefcase键盘 keyboard滑板 skateboard滑雪板snowboard 冲浪板 surfboard摩托车 motorcycle彩虹 rainbow海岸线 coastline截止日期 deadline准则 guideline标题 headline雷暴 thunderstorm 航空公司airport飞机场 airfield航空母舰aircraft carrier暴风雪 snowstorm宇宙飞船 spacecraft/spaceship航班 airline野外考察 fieldwork烟灰缸 ashtray茶壶 teapot 牙刷toothbrush战时wartime 军舰 warship周工作日 weekday周末 weekend车间 workshop野生动植物 wildlife 沙尘暴 sandstorm泥石流mudslide 书架 bookshelf数据库 database高速公路 freeway/expressway/motorway地铁underground/subway/metro/tube鸡尾酒 cocktail庭院courtyard墓地graveyard 手指甲 fingernail明信片 postcard 观点viewpoint飞机aircraft/aeroplane 书虫 bookworm蚕 silkworm蚯蚓 earthworm 蝴蝶 butterfly蜻蜓 dragonfly萤火虫firefly花生peanut板栗 chestnut核桃walnut椰子 coconut突破 breakthrough外卖食物 take-away聚会 get-together化妆品 make-up机构 set-up瞭望台 lookout收银台 checkout体检 check-up中间人 go-between成年人grown-up儿媳daughter-in-law温室greenhouse行踪 whereabouts 故障breakdown倒计时 countdown密码password关键词keyword养育 upbringing爆发 outbreak(break out)衰败 downfall(fall down)收入 income(come in)结果 outcome(come out)旁观者 onlooker(look on)输入input(put in)输出/产量output(put out)出口 outlet(let out)
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