infinitive高中英语语法.ppt

Infinitive 动词不定式 动词不定式 动词不定式分为带to的不定式 e g asksbtodosth 和不带to的不定式 e g makesbdosth 动词不定式的时态和语态的变化 动词不定式的一般式 表示动作与句子中的谓语动词同时发生或之后发生 Iwanttohaveacupoftea 同时 shestoppedtohaveacupoftea 之后 Itispossibleforourhopestoberealized 被动 动词不定式的完成式 表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前 Shesaidshewasveryhappytohavemetyou Shepreferredtohavebeengivenheavierworktodo 被动 动词不定式的进行式 表示不定式的动作在谓语动作同时正在发生 Theyseemedtobetalkingaboutsomethingimportant 动词不定式的完成进行式 表示在谓语所表示时间之前一直进行的动作 Wearehappytohavebeenworkingwithyou 动词不定式的否定式 nottodosth Iaskedhimnottobelate 动词不定式可以在句子中充当主语 宾语 表语 宾语补足语 定语 后置 状语 1 做主语Toseeistobelieve Toactlikethatisfoolish 一般我们用it做形式主语来替代 Itisfoolishtoactlikethat ItisnoteasyforustolearnEnglishwell Itiskindofyoutothinksomuchofus 常用于下列结构中 1 Itis was adj ofsb todo 如good kind nice clever foolish selfish 2 Itis adj forsb todo 如easy difficult hard unwise possible necessary 3 Itis a an 名词 todo 如apity ashame apleasure one sduty anhonor 4 Ittakes sb sometime courage patience todo 5 Itrequirescourage patience hardwork todo 2 做宾语shedeterminedtolearnEnglishwell Hefailedtopasstheexam 常见的不定式做宾语的动词有 want wish hope manage ask offer 提出 pretend intend decide care choose expect desireseem happen appearetc 某些及物动词think believe consider feel find make等后常用it作形式宾语WeallfinditimpossiblenottodohomeworkinFrenchclass 动词不定式做定语 当不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语时 要用主动表被动 Hiswordsaredifficulttounderstand 3 做表语Herwishistobecomeanartist Todothiswouldbetocutthefoottofittheshoe 4 做定语 后置 Iwanttogetsomethingtoreadduringtheholidays Shewasthefirstpersontothinkoftheidea Ihavenothingtoworryabout 4 做定语 后置 注意 a theonly及序数词 顺序词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常接不定式作定语 eg Heisalwaysthefirstonetocometoschool b 作定语的不定式若是不及物动词 或名词是不定式动作的地点 工具等 不定式后须有相应介词 Pleasegivemeaknifetocutwith Pleaseusetheknifetocutit 5 做状语 我们经常用不定式来做状语 修饰动词 表示动作的目的 结果或原因 Wemustusetherighttoolstodoagoodjob 目的 WhathaveIsaidtomakeyousoexcited 结果 Wejumpedwithjoytohearthenews 原因 注意 onlytodo 表示没有想到的结果Eg Hearrivedonlytofindthetrainhadjustleft 不定式常在做表语的形容词之后做状语 Iamsorry gladtohearthat Hewasannoyedtohearthemtalklikethat 当不定式做目的状语时可以与inorderto soasto替换 此时否定用inordernotto soasnotto Hegotupearlysoasnotto inordernottobelate 这类形容词还有 proud happy surprised eager ready kind lucky un fortunate un able un willing disappointed angry clever unwise quick slow foolish rude wrongetc 6 做宾语补足语Iaskedhimtoshowmethenewdictionary Note A v sb todosthask tell invite force get allow help wish want persuade remind request order warn causeetc Ididn texpectyoutoarrivesoearly MayIrequestyoutoattendthemeeting B v sb todosth v doingsthadvise allow forbid encourage permit recommend C 有些动词之后带不带to的不定式 feel hear listento make let have see lookat watch notice observeWhatmadeyouthinkofthat 但如果改为被动 除let外 to必须恢复 Theyweremadetoworkdayandnight Hewasletgo 不带to的不定式 wouldrather than donothing morethan Eg Iwouldratherdiethan Duringthecoursehedidnothingbut cannotbut cannotchoosebut cannothelpbut havenothingtodobut Eg Icannotbut hiscourage Shecoulddonothingbut Why Whynotdo D 作独立成分totellthetruth tobefrank tobeexact tobeginwith tomakemattersworse tomakealongstoryshortneedlesstosayeg Tobefrank Idon tlikeyourhairstyle E 不定式与疑问词who which when where等连用 在句中可充当主语 表语 宾语等 eg Ihavenoideawhattosay b besaid bereported beknown bebelievedItissaidthathecamefromapeasantfamily Heissaidtocomefromapeasantfamily F 一些常用的不定式句型 c be un likely becertain besuretodosth Theyarelikelytobeonthecampus Victoryissuretobeours a too to enough to d seemto happento appearto Allthestudentsseemedtohaveknownwhathadhappened Theboyhappenedtobewatchingafootballgamewhenhismothercamebackhome 不含to的不定式 1 Why引导的疑问句中不带to Whyspendsuchalotofmoney Whynotdoitrightnow 2 hadbetter wouldrather thanIwouldrathergothanstay Hepreferstogobackratherthanstay 3 介词but except besides前有do的各种形式 那这些介词后不定式不带to IhavenothingtodobutwatchTV Ihavenochoicebuttogoshopping 2 And or连接的两个不定式 后面的to可省略 Ihardlyknewwhethertolaughorcry 3 当主语从句或修饰主语的定语从句中出现do时 在主句中作表语的不定式可省to WhatIreallywanttodowaswritealetter AllIdidwascleanroom 4 can tchoosebut can thelpbut can tbut canbut 后Ican tbutlaughtohearsuchastory 不定式与动名词区别 1 不定式表具体动作 动名词表抽象动作 eg Doingsimplethingsisboring Todothissimplethingwillbeboring 2 begin start continue下列情况下必须接不定式1 主语是物不是人2 后接表心理活动或状态的动词3 这些词用于进行时4 后接被动eg Thesnowbegan melt tomelt Istarted thatIwaswrong realize 3 remember forget regret todo 未做 doing 已做 4 Meantodotrytododoingdoing5 stoptodogoontododoingdoing torealize Exercises Ratherthan theapplestogobad thegrocerpreferred themathalfprice A allow tosellB allow sellingC toallow tosellD toallow selling2 Somepeoplelaughedatothers themselveslaughedat A andonlyfindB onlyfindingC onlytofindD tofindonly A C 3 Acleverstudentwilltry mistakes A tolearnbyB tolearnfromC learningfromD learning4 Whydoyoualwaysmakemeeataneggeveryday enoughproteinandnutritionasyouaregrowingup A GetB GettingC TogetD Togetting5 Acomputerdoesonlywhatthinkingpeople A haveitdoB haveitdoneC havedoneitD havingitdone B C A 6 Don tforget yourmapnexttimeyoucometoschool A totakeB bringingC tobringD taking7 Quiteafewpeopleusedtobelievethatdisaster ifamirrorwasbroken A wassureofstrikingB wassuretobestruckC wassureofhavingstruckD wassuretostrike8 Sandycoulddonothingbut tohisteacherthathewaswrong A admitB admittedC admittingD toadmit C D A 9 LittleJimshouldlove tothetheaterthisevening A tobetakenB totakeC beingtakenD taking10 Thiskindofmachineisbelieved inafewyears A tohavebeenmadeB tobemadeC shouldbemadeD tomake11 Iseatedmyselfinthefrontrowtomakemyself thespeaker A understandB understoodC understandingD tounderstand A B A 12 WhenAlicefirstcametoChina shecouldn tusechopsticks A toeatB eatingC foreatingD toeatwith13 Hecan thelp thebikebecauseheisbusydoingthehomework A torepairB repairingC repairedD beingrepaired14 Youhadbetternot I llteachyou electricityfromwaterpower A toworry togetB worry gettingC worry howtogetD toworry howgetting D A C 15 Everyminuteismadefulluseof thetest A toprepareforB preparingC preparingforD beingpreparedfor A