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Unit 5Nelson Mandelaa modern hero细节理解题之数字计算题(阅读理解)方法指导在阅读理解中,隐含意义题要求在理解表面文字的基础上,做出判断和推论,从而得到文章的隐含意思和深层意思,也就是通过文章中的文字信息、上下文的逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知的信息,推断出作者没有直接表达的态度和观点。推理判断题不仅要求考生读懂文章中的每个句子的意思还要求考生推理它们之间的关系,结合自己的生活常识和经验,再通过逻辑推理和判断,理解文章的言外之意,从而揭示文章的深层含义。任何一篇文章都有其特定的写作目的,读者需要知道如何去做或按照某种方式思考问题。推理判断题的答案不可能在文章中直接找到,因此推理时我们务必要忠于原文,在文章中寻找并确定可推论的依据,即已知部分推论的前提,从中推测出未知部分推理的结论,切忌妄加评论,把自己的观点当成作者的观点。典例引领 (2016课标,B)Five years ago, when I taught art at a school in Seattle, I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students. I put a small set of Tinkertoys in front of each student, and said:“Make something out of the Tinkertoys. You have 45 minutes todayand 45 minutes each day for the rest of the week.”A few students hesitated to start. They waited to see what the rest of the class would do. Several others checked the instructions and made something according to one of the model plans provided.Another group built something out of their own imaginations.Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time.His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home. I was delighted at the presence of such a student. Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect(感染)other students.Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare, “But Im just not creative.”“Do you dream at night when youre asleep?”“Oh , sure.”“So tell me one of your most interesting dreams.” The student would tell something wildly imaginative. Flying in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads. “Thats pretty creative. Who does that for you?”“Nobody. I do it.”“Reallyat night, when youre asleep?”“Sure.”“Try doing it in the daytime, in class, okay?”1.The teacher used Tinkertoys in class in order to.A.know more about the studentsB.make the lessons more excitingC.raise the students interest in artD.teach the students about toy design2.What do we know about the boy mentioned in Paragraph 3?A.He liked to help his teacher.B.He preferred to study alone.C.He was active in class.D.He was imaginative.3.What does the underlined word“downside”in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A.Mistake.B.Drawback.C.Difficulty.D.Burden.4.Why did the teacher ask the students to talk about their dreams?A.To help them to see their creativity.B.To find out about their sleeping habits.C.To help them to improve their memory.D.To find out about their ways of thinking.方法运用语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者在西雅图一所学校教学的时候为了更好地了解学生进行了一次小测试,并且有了新的发现。1.A细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句中的I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students可知,作者在学期开始使用Tinkertoys作为测试是为了了解学生的一些情况,由此判断A项符合题意。2.D推理判断题。根据文章第三段第四句Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work.可知,这个孩子在他的作品上极有创造力,由此判断他是有想象力的,故选D项。3.B词义猜测题。根据文章第四段第二句可知,作者鼓励这种思维就有失去那些有不同风格的思维的学生的危险,因此可判断这种行为有不利的方面,故选择B项。4.A推理判断题。根据文章最后一句中的Try doing it in the daytime可知,作者要孩子们在白天尝试梦中的想法,由此判断作者让孩子们说出自己的梦的真正目的是让孩子们看到自己的创造性,故选A项。
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