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第六讲由“表”析“理”，成就图表类写作一、题型特点1.图表类书面表达常以曲线图形式、流程图形式、柱形图形式、饼式图形式、数据表格形式及平面图形式出现。这类题型具有文字少、信息简洁、要点分散等特征。图表类书面表达在近年的高考中时有出现，主要是一些关于情况调查、生产、销售、发展进程等各种项目统计的示意图。2.图表作文主要是介绍或说明某方面的情况，文体上属于说明文。3.考生应按照说明文的形式和特点来进行写作。由于这类试题文字少、信息简洁，如果只是把图表中的内容一点一点地记叙出来，进行清单式的罗列，就会索然乏味，并且达不到字数要求。因此，对于这类形式的书面表达，考生首先要根据图表前的文字说明，弄清楚图表的性质、内容、规律。二、写作技巧1.细读图表，抓住特征图表中的数据信息往往较多，首先要读懂其中的符号和数字所代表的意思。然后，从图表的整体着手，认真分析各项数据，抓住其主要特征，弄懂它们所揭示的规律。经常使用的词汇有：table，chart，figure，graph，describe，tell，show，represent等。2.认真审读，确定主题认真审读试题所提供的数据信息，结合文字提示，确定短文的主题。短文的主题往往隐含在图表中，需要考生从图表数据中概括出事情或事件的规律和特征，然后归纳出主题。有时，试题给出了短文的题目，也就等于为考生点明了主题。3.巧用数据，突出主题引用数据说明基本趋势，比较数据揭示基本特征。由于图表中的数据信息较多，写作时要巧妙地引用一些数据来说明主题，不要作任何发挥。表达时，既要包含所有要点，但又不能面面俱到。经常使用的词汇有：rise，drop，reduce，increase，decrease，fall，while，but，on the contrary，however，pare.to/with.，in contrast to，as.as，the same as，similar to，different from，difference between，among，more than，less than等。4.词句多变，表达灵活由于图表数据比较单调，很容易使人选用相同的词语和句式进行表达，结果文章显得很乏味。因此，写作时要尽量避免重复使用同一词语或句型，选择一些异曲同工的词语和句式来表达。5.适当发挥，表明观点图表类书面表达有时要求考生在对数据进行分析、对比后，简单地谈谈自己的看法或提出建议，这属于让考生自主发挥的部分，更是短文最精彩的部分。考生要在该部分陈述自己的看法，表明自己的观点，提出解决问题的方法或建议。表述观点时，可以引用人们普遍的观点，也可说出自己独到的见解。借题发挥时，不可偏离主题，只要把观点表述清楚即可，不必作更多的解释或说明。经常使用的词有：in a word，in short，generally speaking，Its clear from the chart that.，we can draw the conclusion that.，we can learn/know.等。【典例示范】 (2017江苏卷)请认真阅读下面有关我国电影票房收入(box-office ine)的柱状图及相关文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。Saturday Afternoon.In a Shopping Center.Li Jiang：Hi，Su Hua.Which movie shall we see?Su Hua：Whatever.Were got so many choices，Kung Fu Yoga，Journey to the WestEach sounds great! Li Jiang：Yeah！And some movie stars are fantastic.Su Hua: And the high-tech！.Li Jiang：Perfect！Lets get some food first.We only have 20 minutes left.Su Hua：No hurry.The cinema is on the same floor.One Day in 2016.At Home.Son：Mum，shall we go and see a film tonight?Mother：Why bother？We can stay at home and watch films online.Its convenient with our new and fast network.Son：But it feels good in a cinema.Mother：And the price.We have to pay 50 yuan a ticket.Son：Only 10 yuan more than last year.Mother：But still we cannot get the moneys worth.Some films are just boring.写作内容1.用约30个单词概述柱状图信息的主要内容；2.我国电影票房收入变化的原因有哪些，简要谈谈你的看法(上述对话仅供参考，原因不少于两点)；3.谈谈你对我国电影票房收入走向的看法，并简要说明理由。写作要求1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；3.不必写标题。评分标准内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。参考范文1The box-office ine of Chinese movies witnessed a constant increase from about 17 billion yuan in 2012 to over 40 billion in 2015. However, that increase slowed down in 2016.The reasons behind this are various. The fast economic development before 2016 was probably the most powerful engine driving the constant growth in the box-office ine. The application of new technologies and the wide appeal of movie stars could also account for the increase. However, China saw a decline in its economic growth rate last year. And the Internet increased options for movie lovers. Consequently, some viewers began to turn away from cinemas, leading to a slower growth.Chinas economy is expected to grow at a medium speed in the ing years, so an increase is possible in the investment in the movie industry and the number of quality movies. Therefore, its box-office ine will probably enjoy a slight increase.参考范文2As is indicated in the graph, the box-office ine of Chinese films increased constantly from 2012 to 2015, but its growth, for one reason or another, slowed down in 2016.The increase in the box-office ine can be attributed to a number of factors. The quality of life has improved and watching films is regarded as a good means of entertainment. Besides, filming technology has advanced and more quality films are on offer. Moreover, the Internet plays an important part. On the Internet, people can seek information about their favorite stars and buy tickets at a discount as well, which is both time-saving and economical.However, the film market may witness a slowdown in the near future. Cinemas have gradually given way to the rise of the Internet and cellphones, and the ticket price is on the increase. Therefore, the film industry should make greater efforts to attract more viewers.能力提升练1(2015江苏卷)请阅读下面文字及图表，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。1.The other day，a netizen (网民) shared a photo on Sina Weibo.It was about an old lady standing in front of a car that was on a bicycle lane，and insisting that it leave the track.The photo drew about 7，000 ments on the social media platform.Despite the thumbs-up (点赞) given to the old lady，some argued that attention should be paid to our heavy road traffic.2.Some riders of e-bikes and bicycles e and go in all directions，ignoring traffic lights and other vehicles.Such rude riding contributes to the disorder of traffic.Thus the avoidable road accidents bee unavoidable.3.From 2005 to 2014，the total number of private cars in China rose sharply from 32 million to 154 million.Currently，China had 15% of the worlds total vehicles.写作内容1.用约30个单词概述上述信息的主要内容；2.结合上述信息，简要分析导致交通问题的主要原因；3.根据你的分析，从社会规范(rules and regulations)和个人行为两方面谈谈你得到的启示(不少于两点)。写作要求1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；3.不必写标题。评分标准内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。参考范文The traffic issue is a hard nut to crack.It not only affects our everyday life，but may also threaten peoples lives.The three selections presented above are typical examples.Quite a few things give rise to the traffic problem.In spite of the large-scale construction of roads and highways，there is still much room for improvement，because of the ever increasing number of cars these years.Whats worse，some drivers，cyclists and pedestrians do not think it vital to obey traffic rules.In fact，traffic rules are part of the rules and regulations closely related to public order.Without them，people could not enjoy harmony or the country would be in chaos.But rules alone dont secure an orderly society.It is the people who obey the rules that matter.It is everybodys duty to observe them to keep our society in order and going on the right track.能力提升练2(2018江苏南通市高三检测)请阅读下面的文字及图表，然后按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。1.Experts say that when you look up after reading for a long time，you will find the objects in the distance vague.It shows you are getting nearsighted.Other symptoms include dry，burning or itchy(发痒的)eyes，headaches and neck or shoulder pain.Some people may see double and cannot read for long.Some will keep shutting and opening their eyes.Others rub their eyes frequently.2.Nearsightedness is often diagnosed in children between 8 and 12 years of age and may worsen during the teen years.Little change may occur between ages 20 to 40，but sometimes nearsightedness may worsen with age.3.Currently，about 450 million people in China suffer from nearsightedness.The number of nearsighted students from primary schools to universities increases at a rate of 20% every year.写作内容1.用约30个单词概述上述信息的主要内容；2.综合上述信息，简要分析导致青少年近视的主要原因；3.根据你的分析，从学校规范和个人行为两方面谈谈你得到的启示(不少于两点)。 写作要求1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；3.不必写标题。评分标准内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。参考范文More and more young people are getting nearsighted, which can be determined by some symptoms. The ever-increasing rate of nearsightedness in almost every school throughout China has bee so alarming.For many of young people, it is their routine to be buried in their books from morning till night while others often keep their eyes fixed on the puter or TV. Their eyes are burdened so heavily that they can hardly function normally in the end. Whats worse，every year quite some students cannot go to their ideal colleges or get their dream jobs owing to their poor eyesight.Now it is time that schools took action to protect students eyesight by giving them lectures，ensuring proper lighting in classrooms, and limiting their time of reading books or doing exercises.As for me, I will immediately try every possible means to prevent my eyesight from getting weak.能力提升练3(2018常州高三调研)一项调查显示，某市有85.8%的中学生说自己的字不好看，而他们又不想改善，其理由有很多。请根据下面图表中的内容用英语写一篇短文，说明该现象并发表看法。注意：词数150左右。参考范文Nowadays, with the growing popularity of puters, more and more people are paying less and less attention to their handwriting.According to a recent survey, 85.8 percent of the middle school students in the city think that their handwriting is poor. Yet for various reasons, many students dont want to improve their handwriting. 51.5% of them think that they can just use a puter, so there is no need to waste time improving their handwriting, and 32.3 percent believe that they are so busy with their studies that they do not have time to practice. 10.9 percent think that practicing handwriting is useless. The rest have other reasons.Writing style often shows the man. Beautiful and neat handwriting is beneficial, especially for middle school students. Therefore, in my opinion, more emphasis should be placed on this aspect in future.能力提升练4(2018江苏海安高级中学质量检测)下面的饼状图显示了某校对学生学业成绩评价的新体制，图表所示的五个方面构成了一个学生的学业成绩。假如你是该校学生，请你以“The New Grading System in Our School”为题用英语写一篇短文，给二十一世纪英文报投稿。写作内容1.简要描述图中信息；2.谈谈你对这一新举措的看法并说明原因。写作要求1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；3.不必写标题。评分标准内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。参考范文The New Grading System in Our SchoolIn order to help students develop their abilities in all fields, our school now has asked the teachers to make some changes in the grading system. This chart shows how it works.Students test results, which used to be the only way to evaluate a student in school, make up only 30% of his final score. Instead, how a student performs in class, and how he takes notes and does his homework are also taken into account, each part of which makes up 20%. Besides, teamwork in class is also important. If you want a higher score, you should be good at working together with your classmates.Im all for the new grading system, which evaluates us students in all fields. By doing so, we students can fully develop our abilities as well as potential on our way to adulthood and can truly make preparations for our future life.
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