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选修8Unit 4Pygmalion一、阅读理解AThe Swedish Academy that awards the Nobel Prize has apparently still been unable to contact Bob Dylan about his acceptance of the honour. On Thursday, Dylan gave a concert in Las Vegas and didnt mention the fact that he had just won the worlds most honoured literary award. He didnt acknowledge it on Friday when he performed in Coachella, either. In a recent interview with The Telegraph, he said that hed “absolutely” attend the ceremony “if its at all possible”， and he finally called the Academy to accept the prize though later he wrote a personal letter to the Academy, which said he would not receive the award in person at the December ceremony in Stockholm. But what would happen if Dylan had continued to screen the Academys calls? JeanPaul Sartre is the only known winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature to have declined the award voluntarily; he had written a letter to the mittee in 1964 asking not to be considered at all, but these were the days before email, and the letter arrived when they had already decided to give it to him that year. Sartre believed every individual is responsible for creating a purpose for their life. By accepting the prize, Sartre would have to associate himself with the institution that honoured him. “It is not the same thing if I sign JeanPaul Sartre or if I sign JeanPaul Sartre, Nobel Prize winner，” he plained. “A writer must refuse to allow himself to be transformed into an institution(名流), even if it takes place in the most honourable form.”Other writers have declined it because they feared persecution(迫害). The Soviet writer Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn did not travel to Stockholm for his ceremony in 1970, because he was concerned that the Soviet Union would not allow him to return afterwards. The mittee refused Solzhenitsyns request for a public ceremony at the Swedish Embassy in Moscow, so he initially turned down the prize, but formally accepted it in 1974 after he was exiled (放逐) But while it is possible to refuse to accept the prize money, it isnt possible to refuse the title. According to the statutes of the Nobel Foundation, Nobel Prizes cannot ever be returned.【文章大意】本文讲述的是2016诺贝尔文学奖的获得者Bob Dylan最初忽视自己获得诺贝尔奖的事实，并列举了其他拒绝诺贝尔奖的作家。如果拒绝接受诺贝尔奖，会发生什么呢？【难句分析】On Thursday, Dylan gave a concert in Las Vegas and didnt mention the fact that he had just won the worlds most honoured literary award.(第一段第二句)分析：句中that引导同位语从句，说明the fact的内容。译文：在周四，Drlan在拉斯维加斯举行音乐会并且没有提及他刚获得世界上最受尊崇的文学奖项的事实。1. Which word can replace the underlined word “screen” in Paragraph 1?AIgnore. BExamine.CAbuse. DBlame.答案与解析：A考查词义猜测。根据第一段的内容可知，一开始瑞典文学院联系不到Bob Dylan，而他在公开场合也不曾提及获奖事宜，故可推知，画线词的意思是“忽视，不予理睬”，故选A项。2. Why did Sartre refuse the Nobel Prize?ATo keep things unchanged.BHe thought ill of the prize.CTo avoid adding weight to his name.DThe mittees letter arrived too late.答案与解析：C考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“A writer must refuse to allow himself to be transformed into an institution(名流)，even if it takes place in the most honourable form.”可知，JeanPaul Sartre认为作家必须拒绝把自己变成一个名流，即使是以最尊贵的形式也不行。由此可推知，他拒绝接受诺贝尔文学奖的原因是他不想让这个奖使他名声大噪。故选C项。3. What did Solzhenitsyn ask the mittee to do?AHelp him travel to Stockholm.BAward him in Moscow.CPublish his works worldwide.DProtect him from being prisoned.答案与解析：B考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“The mittee refused Solzhenitsyns request for a public ceremony at the Swedish Embassy in Moscow”可知，Solzhenitsyn曾向委员会要求在莫斯科瑞典大使馆颁奖，但被委员会拒绝了。故选B项。4. What would be the possible result if Dylan refused the award?AThe prize money would belong to him.BThe award would be still listed in his name.CHe would be forced to attend the ceremony. DSomeone else would accept the title instead.答案与解析：B考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“.it isnt possible to refuse the title. According to the statutes of the Nobel Foundation, Nobel Prizes cannot ever be returned.”可知，拒绝诺贝尔奖的头衔是不可能的，且诺贝尔奖不能退还。由此可推知选B项。BCrossing your legs is an extremely mon habit; most people dont even notice that theyre doing it when they sit down. While you may find it fortable to sit with one knee crossed over the other, it might be causing health problems that you are not aware of.A study published in Blood Pressure Monitoring stated that sitting with your legs crossed can increase your blood pressure. The reason for this is that the blood in your legs has to work against gravity to be pumped back to your heart and that crossing one leg over the other increases resistance, making it even harder for the blood to circulate. This causes your body to increase your blood pressure to push the blood back to the heart. You wont feel any immediate effects, but repeated, drawn-out increases in blood pressure can cause long-term health issues. So, planning to sit for a long period of time? Dont keep your legs crossed.Crossing your legs at the knee can also cause pressure on the major nerve in your leg that passes just below your knee and along the outside of your leg, explains Richard Graves, a medical expert. This pressure can cause numbness and temporary paralysis (麻痹) of some of the muscles in your foot and leg, preventing you from being able to raise your anklewhat we know as that “pins and needles” sensation. While the feeling of disfort may only last a minute or two, repeatedly crossing your legs until they feel numb can cause permanent nerve damage.So next time you sit down, try to get yourself in the habit of sitting with both of your feet on the floor. Not only will it help your posture and stability, but it will also save your health in the long run.1.What can we learn about crossing ones legs?A. It is a very bad social habit.B. It is usually practiced deliberately.C. It can make others feel unfortable.D. It can do harm to peoples health.2.According to the study, sitting with your legs crossed can_.A. resist gravity effectivelyB. affect your blood pressureC. lead to heart attacks easilyD. improve the function of legs3.In the third paragraph pins and needles probably means_.A. serious muscle injuriesB. being a little nervousC. slight sharp painsD. being highly flexible4.What is the main purpose of the text?A. To give readers some advice.B. To pare mon habits.C. To evaluate effects of an experiment.D. To introduce research methods. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了研究发现跷二郎腿对身体有害，大家要改掉跷二郎腿的坏习惯。1.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“ it might be causing health problems that you are not aware of.”可知，跷二郎腿对健康有害。2.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“ sitting with your legs crossed can increase your blood pressure.”可知，跷二郎腿会使血压升高。4.A 【解析】文章意图题。根据文章内容，特别是第一段中的“it might be causing health problems that you are not aware of.”及最后一段中的“So next time you sit down, try to get yourself in the habit of sitting with both of your feet on the floor.”可知，研究发现跷二郎腿对健康有害，因此这篇文章的目的是建议大家改掉跷二郎腿的坏习惯。二、七选五(2018成都市高中毕业班摸底测试) Traveling alone gives you the freedom to create your own schedule and do as you please. _1_ For example, a travel partner can provide practical support and share in the rewards of firsthand experience with unfamiliar locations and cultures. Here are several tips to find a travel partner who will improve your journey. _2_ Traveling should be fun. When you are on a trip, you will want to do lots of activities that you enjoy. Preferably, your panion will want to do the same things as you. Discuss financial plans. Before you travel, you should plan a budget. _3_ You dont want to be planning an expensive getaway at the same time your friend is looking for budget travel. Have an honest conversation. If you are thinking about traveling with a panion, take some time to have an open discussion. Schedule a time to sit down and talk. Try saying，“I know weve talked about the idea of traveling through Europe together. Lets have a coffee this week and actually talk that through.” _4_ You should also talk about your travel style. Find someone who is flexible. Choose a travel partner who can adjust. _5_ Maybe it will rain on the day you planned to visit the Grand Canyon. Or you might not be able to get reservations at that French restaurant youve been dying to try.ALook for someone with mon interests.BYou should discuss your goals for the trip.CTravel with a friend who is pretty easygoing.DBut traveling with a partner has its benefits，too.EMake sure that you are on the same page concerning money.FTry to meet your new travel partner in person before your trip.GNo matter how carefully you plan your trip, it is likely that something will go wrong.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何找到一个很好的旅伴。1答案与解析：D根据空后句子“For example, a travel partner can provide practical support and share in the rewards of firsthand experience”可知，空处谈论的是和旅伴一起旅行有关的，而空前讲述的是独自旅行，上下文之间存在转折关系。所以D选项正确。2答案与解析：A根据空处所在位置可知，此处为段落主题句。根据本段最后一句可知，最好和你的旅伴有共同的兴趣，所以A选项正确。3答案与解析：E根据本段中的关键词“financial plans”、“plan a budget”和“budget travel”可知，选项E中的“on the same page concerning money”与此内容相呼应，所以选E。4答案与解析：B根据本段主题句“进行诚实的谈话”可知，此段的核心话题是“谈话”；又根据空后的“You should also talk about your travel style.”可知，你还需要和你的旅伴讨论你们的旅行方式。选项B中的关键词“discuss your goals”与此呼应，所以选B。5答案与解析：G本段主题句是“找到一个头脑灵活的旅伴”。根据空后的例子可知，在旅行中会突然出现意想不到的事情。G选项中的“carefully you plan your trip”和“go wrong”与此照应，所以选G。四、短文改错(2018师大附中模拟)Jinan is facing seriously traffic problems. Too much cars travel on the roads. This heavy traffic causes delays and the plenty of air pollution. Besides Jinan, many cities in China have traffic problems and Beijing is the worse one. One of the reason why there is so much traffic is because only a small number of people use public transportation.In my opinion, one way to solve the traffic problems was to encourage people to make use public transportation systems. For example, people can take buses instead of drive cars. Meanwhile, the government should take measures to make them more reliable and convenient to travel by bus.答案：Jinan is facing traffic problems. Too cars travel on the roads. This heavy traffic causes delays and plenty of air pollution. Besides Jinan, many cities in China have traffic problems and Beijing is the one. One of the why there is so much traffic is only a small number of people use public transportation.In my opinion, one way to solve the traffic problems to encourage people to make use public transportation systems. For example, people can take buses instead of cars. Meanwhile, the government should take measures to make more reliable and convenient to travel by bus.四、语法填空I was in the ninth year when I began to suffer depression.My parents noticed, but felt that since Id always been _1_ good child, this was temporary._2_ (fortunate), it was not to be so.I didnt have friends.Hardly could I share my problems.Deep worry began to destroy my _3_ (confident)Finally I refused to attend classes, _4_ (shut) myself in my room for hours.The examination was approaching, but I simply didnt care.My parents and teachers were surprised at my bad performance.One morning, _5_ a particularly severe lecture from my father, I stood at the school gate, _6_ (depress)Then as the other students marched to their classrooms, our headmaster called me.The next fortyfive minutes was one _7_ the most precious moments in my life.She said she _8_ (notice) a big change in me and wondered why.At first she took my hands in _9_ (she) and listened patiently as I mentioned my worries.Then she hugged me as I wept.Months of frustration and loneliness disappeared in her motherly hug.No one had tried to understand what the real problem was except the headmaster, _10_ helped me out simply by listening and hugging.1achild是可数名词，且第一次在文章中出现，故用不定冠词修饰，表示“一个”好孩子。2Unfortunately不幸的是，情况并非如此。根据逗号的提示可知，此处应用所给词的副词形式，修饰整个句子，作状语。再根据句意可知，应用Unfortunately。3confidencemy是形容词性物主代词，修饰名词，作定语，故填confidence。4shuttingshut和句子主语I之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。5after根据语境可知，此处应用连词after，表示“在之后”。6depressed由句子的主语I和该空前的逗号可知，应用形容词depressed在句子中作状语。7of此处表示“最珍贵的时刻之一”，故用of。8had noticednotice的动作发生在said之前，表示过去的过去，故用过去完成时。9hers介词后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，且由空格前的“my hands”可知，此处用名词性物主代词hers, 表示她的手。10whowho引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词the headmaster。
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