文化词与文化含义词.ppt

1 Chapter18 文化词与文化含义词 2 文化词 CulturalWords PeterNewmarkcallsthem EmptyWords Theword phrase thatcarriesthemeaningofaculturaltraitparticulartoacertainsocio culturalcommunity thatis whosereferentisauniquethingorconception andthereforethathasnocorrespondingequivalentinothercommunities whenitisusedincross culturalcommunication iscalledwordofculturaluniquenessorculturalword 3 CulturalWords 5Types 1 Ecologicaleg selva igloo sirocoo 三伏 三九2 Materialeg swallowtail 马褂 ravioli 包子 粽子3 Socio culturaleg snooker cricket teleathon LordChancellor 大锅饭 民工 家庭联产承包责任制4 Religiouseg cathedral abbey 阴阳 庵 老天5 Gesticulareg 叩头 作揖 单腿跪拜 4 文化含义词 CulturallyLoadedWord Phrases Theword phrase whosereferentisnotauniquethingorconceptioninoneculture butdoesnotoverlapwiththatinanotherculture andthereforethathasnocorrespondingequivalentinothercommunities whenitisusedincross culturalcommunication iscalledculturallyloadedword 5 CulturallyLoadedWords 3Types 1 Culturallyloadedwords phrases duetodifferentclassification 切分和归类不同 eg Familymembers1 sex2 generation3 degreeoflineality directorindirect eg Colourseg Cookingmethods 6 CulturallyLoadedWords 3Types 2 Culturallyloadedwords phrases duetodifferentassociation 联想不同 eg Redeg Magpieeg Summereg Westwind 7 CulturallyLoadedWords 3Types 3 Culturallyloadedwords phrases duetodifferentculturalnorms 语用规范不同 Culturalmeaningsareexpressedinthecognitivestructuresaswellasnormsofbehaviourpeopleutilizewhenusinglanguage KachruYamuna eg YesorNoeg Youdon tsay Youarenot eg Nowyouaretalking eg Oh youshouldn t thave 8 TranslatingCulturalWords 1 Fullborrowing 全式借用 eg garage reservoir spaghetti plaza2 Semi borrowing 半式借用 rade comarada cartoon cartone 3 Transliteration 音译 eg kowtow fengshui dimsum4 Semi transliteration 半音译 eg teahouse tongoil taoism5 Loantranslation 仿译 eg 蜜月 蓝领 超人 loseface papertiger 9 TranslatingCulturallyLoadedWords 1 Culturallyloadedwords phrases duetodifferentclassification 切分和归类不同 1 borrowing 借用 eg sake kaoliang cigar2 substitution 替代 eg temple for寺 庙 庵 观3 paraphrasing 释义 亲家 妯娌 连襟 10 TranslatingCulturallyLoadedWords 2 Culturallyloadedwords phrases duetodifferentassociation 联想不同 1 loantranslation 仿译 eg 黑名单 瓶颈 连锁反应2 substitution 替代 eg 蓝眼睛 红眼病 green eyed3 paraphrasing 释义 eg 九曲十八弯 走桃花运 tongue in cheek 11 TranslatingCulturallyLoadedWords 3 Culturallyloadedwords phrases duetodifferentculturalnorms 语用规范不同 substitution 替代 eg 吃了吗 上哪儿去 eg Howareyou Howdoyoudo eg 司马昭之心 路人皆知Si Ma Zhao sheart notorious asplainasthenoseonface anopensecret 12 Exercise TryTranslatingThem 尊重 干部 态度 国家 意义 关心 情况 宣传 统一 传统讲 搞 化个体经济 社会主义精神文明 乱收费 基本实现小康 街道妇女 三高农业 13 ExamplesAnalysis 处理国与国关系的时候 我们应该尊重现实 Whendealingwithinter staterelations weshouldfacereality 14 ExamplesAnalysis 国有企业的主要领导干部应该坚决抵制和反对腐败 Leadingmanagerialstaffofstate ownedenterprisesshouldresolutelyresistandopposecorruption 15 ExamplesAnalysis 今天 亚洲和欧洲的国家领导人聚集一堂 以平等友好的态度 就广泛领域的合作交换意见 Today leadersofAsianandEuropeancountriesgatherheretoexchangeviewsoncooperationinawiderangeofareasonanequalfootingandinafriendlymanner 16 ExamplesAnalysis 互相尊重国家主权 是开展国际合作的重要前提 Mutualrespectforstatesovereigntyisanimportantprerequisiteforcarryingoutinternationalcooperation 17 ExamplesAnalysis 我们在贵国度过了内容丰富和有意义的六天时间 Oursix daystayinyourcountryhasbeenpleasant substantialandinteresting 18 ExamplesAnalysis 我们希望一切关心中东地区稳定的国家多做有利于解决争端的工作 WehopethatallcountriesthatcareaboutthestabilityoftheMiddleEastwilldomoretohelpresolvethedisputes 19 ExamplesAnalysis 最近 在南海问题上出现一些新的情况 我想借此机会与您交换意见 Recently somenewcomplicationshaveoccurredontheSouthChinaSea Iwishtotakethisopportunitytoexchangeviewswithyou 20 ExamplesAnalysis 在对内努力推进经济社会发展的同时 还应该大力加强对外宣传 Whiledoingagoodjobinadvancingsocialandeconomicdevelopment weshouldalsomakegreateffortstoenhancepromotion publicitytotheoutsideworld 21 ExamplesAnalysis 在这个问题上 我们已经统一了思想 Asforthisissue wehavealreadyreachedconsensus achievecommonunderstanding 22 ExamplesAnalysis 双方应保证两国公民在边境地区的传统经济生活正常进行 Thetwosidesshouldensuretheircitizensintheborderareaanormaleconomiclifeastheyusedtolead 23 ExamplesAnalysis 一次分配讲效益 二次分配讲公平 Stressisputonefficiencyinthefirstdistributionofincome andonequalityintheseconddistributionofincome 讲大话 讲空话都不行 Neitherbraggingnoremptytalkwilldo 讲信义是我们民族的传统 ActingingoodfaithisaChinesetradition 24 ExamplesAnalysis 我们说话算数 不搞小动作 Wemeanwhatwesay Wedonotplayprettytricks games 他到北京工作了两个月 搞得很好 HeworkedinBeijingfortwomonthsanddidagoodjobthere 我们必须一心一意搞建设 Wemustconcentrateoneconomicdevelopment 搞经济协作区 这个路子是对的 Itistherightthingtoestablisheconomiccooperationbetweendevelopedandlessdevelopedareas 25 ExamplesAnalysis 国民经济市场化 社会化程度明显提高 Markethasnoticeablyassumedgreaterimportanceinournationaleconomyandmoreandmoresocialserviceshavebeenmadeavailable 美化环境Tobeautifytheenvironment干部队伍的年轻化 知识化 专业化 Tomakeourrankofleadersyounger bettereducatedandmorecompetentprofessionally 26 ExamplesAnalysis 个体经济self employment familybusiness社会主义精神文明socialistcivilizationwithhighculturallevelandmoralstandards乱收费arbitrarycharges基本实现小康buildamoderatelywell offsociety街道妇女housewivesworkingintheneighbourhood三高农业high yield cost effectiveandhigh techagriculture 27 ExamplesAnalysis 南北朝的祖冲之计算出圆周率为3 1415926 IntheNorthernandSouthernDynastiesinthe4thcenturyAD China smathematicianZuChongzhicalculated theratioofthecircumferenceofacircletoitsdiameter tobe3 1415926 28 ExamplesAnalysis 玄奘万里取经 带回南亚国家的古老文化 郑和 七下西洋 把中华文化传向远方的国度 EminentMonkXuanZangoftheTangDynasty 618 907 broughtbackancientcultureafterbravinglongjourneystoSouthAsiancountries IntheMingDynasty 1368 1644 ChinesenavigatorChengHoledafleettowhatthepeoplecalledtheWestSeaseventimesinthe15thcentury spreadingtheChineseculturetodistantland 29 ExamplesAnalysis 张骞出使西域 开拓举世闻名的 丝绸之路 ImperialenvoyZhangQian striptotheWestintheHanDynasty 206BC 220AD over2 000yearsagoopeneduptheworld famousSilkRoad 30 ExamplesAnalysis 早在公元前二千五百年 中国人就开始了仰观天文 俯察地理的活动 逐渐形成了 天人合一 的宇宙观 Asearlyas2 500BC Chinesebeganastronomicalobservationandgeographicalsurvey andgraduallyformedaworldoutlookofanintegrationoftheuniverseandhumanity