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精编优选练(三十)完形填空说明文(限时：35分钟)A(2018黑龙江哈尔滨六中三模) New genetic analysis has revealed that many Amazon tree species are likely to survive humanmade climate warming in the ing century, contrary to previous findings that temperature increases would cause them to die out. A study, _1_ in the latest edition of Ecology and Evolution, reveals the _2_ age of some Amazonian tree speciesmore than 8 million yearsand _3_ shows that they have survived previous periods as warm as many of the global warming imagined periods _4_ for the year 2100. The authors write that, having survived warm periods in the past, the trees will _5_ survive future warming, provided there are no other major environmental changes. _6_ extreme droughts and forest fires will impact Amazonia as temperatures _7_， the trees will stand the direct impact of higher temperatures. The authors _8_ that as well as reducing greenhouse gas emissions to minimize the risk of drought and fire, conservation policy should remain _9_ on preventing deforestation (采伐森林) for agriculture and mining.The study disagrees with other recent researches which predicted tree species extinctions_10_ relatively small increases in global average air temperatures.Study coauthor Dr Simon Lewis (UCL Geography) said the _11_ were good news for Amazon tree species, but warned that drought and overexploitation of the forest remained major _12_ to the Amazons future.Dr Lewis said, “The past cannot be pared directly with the future. While tree species seem likely to _13_ higher air temperatures than today, the Amazon forest is being transformed for agriculture and _14_， and what remains is being degraded (使恶化) by logging (伐木), and increasingly split up by fields and roads.”“Species will not move as freely in todays Amazon as they did in previous warm periods, when there was no human _15_. Similarly, todays climate change is extremely fast, making parisons with slower changes in the past _16_.”“With a clearer _17_ of the relative risks to the Amazon forest, we _18_ that direct human impactssuch as forest clearances for agriculture or miningshould remain a key point of conservation policy.We also need more aggressive _19_ to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in order to make minimum the risk of drought and fire impacts and _20_ the future of most Amazon tree species.”语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。主要讲了一项最新的研究，研究表明气候变暖不会使亚马逊古代树种灭绝。1A.advertisedBdescribedCpublished Dpresented解析：advertise做广告；describe描述；publish公布；present呈现。此处表示：生物与进化的最新版公布的一项研究。故选C。答案：C2A.frightening Bsurprising Cexciting Dinteresting解析：frightening令人害怕的；surprising令人惊讶的；exciting令人兴奋的；interesting有趣的。句意：这项研究揭示了一些亚马逊树种惊人的年龄。故选B。答案：B3A.still Bnevertheless Chowever Dtherefore解析：句意：这些古代树种有着800多万年的树龄，因此表明了它们可以幸存于和先前所有时期一样温暖的全球气候变暖的时期，预测为2100年。therefore因此。故选D。答案：D4A.assess BconfirmCforecast Dpromise解析：assess评定；confirm确认；forecast预测；promise允诺。由上题解析可知选C。答案：C5A.particularly Bprobably Cmerely Dpossibly解析：句意：作者们写道，亚马逊的树种曾在高温气候中生存下来，所以将来也有可能在气温升高的气候中存活。故选B。答案：B6A.Since BAlthoughCWhen DIf解析：句意：虽然随着温度的升高，严重的干旱及森林火灾将会影响亚马逊流域，但这些树木将会忍受更高温度的直接影响。故选B。答案：B7A.rise BchangeCdrop Dend解析：rise升高；change变化；drop掉落；end结束。由本句末的“higher temperatures”可知应是温度升高。故选A。答案：A8A.consider BdecideCguarantee Dremend解析：consider考虑；decide决定；guarantee保证；remend推荐，建议。后面是作者的建议，故选D。答案：D9A.based BbuiltCfocused Dmade解析：base以为基础；build建造；focus集中；make制作。句意：保护措施应当仍然集中于为了农业和矿业的发展而采伐森林。故选C。答案：C10A.in relation to Bin response toCin reply to Din reference to解析：in relation to关于，涉及；in response to响应，回答，对做出反应；in reply to答复；in reference to关于。句意：这项研究与最近其他研究不同的是他们预测树种的灭绝是对相对小幅度的全球平均气温升高的反应。故选B。答案：B 11.A.findings BthoughtsCinventions Dwritings解析： finding发现；thought想法；invention发明；writing作品。句意：教授说这些发现对于亚马逊树种来说是一个好消息，但他警告称干旱和过度采伐森林对于亚马逊的未来来说仍然是主要的威胁。故选A。答案：A12A.threats BdisadvantagesCembarrassments Dinstructions解析：threat威胁；disadvantage不利条件；embarrassment窘境；instruction说明，指示。 由上题解析可知选A。答案：A13A.accept BtolerateCpermit Drequire解析：accept接受；tolerate容忍，忍耐；permit允许；require要求。句意：虽然树种好像能忍耐比现在更高的温度，但亚马逊森林正在向农业和矿业转变。故选B。答案：B14A.farming BplantingCcatering Dmining解析：farming畜牧业；planting种植业；catering服务业；mining矿业。由第二段最后 一句中的“deforestation (采伐森林)for agriculture and mining”可知选D。答案：D15A.power BinfluenceCdesire Dviolence解析：power力量；influence影响；desire欲望；violence暴力。句意：当这里没有人类影响的时候。故选B。答案：B16A.difficult BclearCeasy Dimportant解析：句意：现在气候变化极快，使之与过去缓慢的变化比较起来很难。故选A。答案：A17A.belief BdirectionCunderstanding Dsuggestion解析：句意：更清楚地理解了亚马逊森林所面对的危险，我们推断出人类直接的影响，比如为了农、矿业而采伐森林，仍是保护政策的重点。答案：C18A.doubt BconcludeCcalculate Dprefer解析：conclude推断，做结论。由上题解析可知选B。答案：B19A.thought BguidanceCprotection Daction解析：句意：为了把干旱和火灾的风险降到最低并保护大部分亚马逊树种的未来，我们也需要更多积极的行动来减少温室气体的排放。action行动。答案：D20A.secure BadvanceCsacrifice Devaluate解析：secure保护，使安全。由上题解析可知选A。答案：A B(2018安徽黄山质检)Men and women may have different experiences in shopping for clothes.A man goes shopping because he needs something. His purpose is settled and decided in_1_ . He knows what he wants, and his _2_ is to find it and buy it. All men _3_ walk into a shop and ask the shop assistant for what they want. If the shop has it in stock (库存), the deal can be done and _4_ is pleted in less than five minutes, with hardly any chat to everyones_5_. For a man, slight problems may begin when the shop does not have what he wants. In that_6_ , the salesman tries to sell the customer something else he _7_ the nearest to the article required. A good salesman brings out such a substitute (替代品) _8_ ; he may say, “I know this jacket is not the style you want, sir, but would you like to try it for size? It _9_ to be the color you mentioned. ” Few men have _10_ with this treatment, and the usual answer is: “This is the right color and may be the right size, but I shouldnt be _11_ my time and yours by trying it on.”For a woman, buying clothes is always done in the _12_ way. Her shopping is not often _13_ on need. She has never fully decided what she wants, and she is only “having a look around”. She is always _14_ to persuasion, willing to try on any number of things. Deep in her mind is the thought of finding something that _15_ thinks suits her. Most women have an excellent sense of value and are always on the lookout for the unexpected _16_ . Faced with a roomful of dresses, a woman may easily spend an hour going from one rail to another _17_ selecting the dress she wants to _18_ . It is a tiresome process, but clearly a(n) _19_ one. Most dress shops provide chairs for the waiting _20_. 语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了男女在购物方面的不同表现。1A.detailBhurryCadvance Dmind解析：根据下句“He knows what he wants .”可知男人购物时，他们要买的东西预先(in advance)就决定好了。答案：C2A.advice BgoalCdemand Dquestion解析：既然他知道他想要什么，因此他的目标(goal)就是发现它并购买。advice建议；demand要求；question问题。答案：B3A.quickly BimmediatelyCsoon Dsimply解析：所有的男士只是(simply)走进商店向售货员要他们想要的东西。quickly迅速地； immediately立即；soon不久。答案：D4A.often Bconstantly Cnormally Dfinally解析：如果商店有现货就可以进行交易，交易过程常常(often)在不到5分钟之内就可完成，几乎没有闲聊且皆大欢喜(to everyones satisfaction)。constantly不停地；normally正常地，一般地；finally最后。答案：A5A.confidence Bamusement Csatisfaction Dsurprise解析：解析见上题。confidence信心；amusement娱乐；satisfaction满意；surprise惊奇。答案：C6A.time BeventCsituation Dcase解析：如果那样的话(in that case)，售货员就会竭尽全力卖给顾客其他东西售货员会把离这位男顾客想要的东西最近的那件提供(offer)给他。答案：D7A.gives BoffersCpresents Ddelivers解析：解析见上题。give给予；present赠送，呈现；deliver送(货)。答案：B8A.skillfully BattentivelyCactively Dcarefully解析：好的售货员会巧妙地(skillfully)拿出这样的替代品。attentively认真地；actively积极地；carefully仔细地。答案：A9A.occurs BhappensCes Dtakes解析：先生，我知道这件夹克不是你想要的款式，但是你能试一试这件看看尺码合适吗？那碰巧(happen)是你提到的那种颜色。答案：B 10.A.patience BinterestCexpectation Dexperience解析：根据上文男士购物特点的介绍可知：很少的男士会对这种服务有耐心(patience)。 interest兴趣；expectation期待；experience经验。答案：A11A.losing BspendingCgiving Dwasting解析：这件的颜色和大小可能都合适，但我不应该通过试穿它来浪费(waste)你我的时间。 lose丢失；spend花费；give给予。答案：D12A.same BcleverCopposite Dsimilar解析：对于女士来说，她们总是以迥然不同的(opposite)方式购买衣服。same相同的；clever聪明的；similar相似的。答案：C13A.relied BbasedCdone Drelated解析：女士购物经常不是基于需要。be based on基于；be relied on被依赖。没有be done on和be related on结构。答案：B14A.open BreadyCclose Dhappy解析：根据后半句中的“.willing to try on any number of things.”可知，女士总是乐于接受(be open to)劝导。没有be ready to sth.和be happy to sth.句式，故排除B、D两项；be close to sth.接近某物，不合句意，故被排除。答案：A15A.nobody BsomebodyCeverybody Danybody解析：在女性购物者内心深处是想找到每个人(everybody)都认为适合她的东西。anybody 常用于否定句和疑问句，故被排除。nobody和somebody不合本句句意，可直接排除。答案：C16A.deal BsurpriseCluck Dbargain解析：根据上文(大多数女性都有超高的价值意识)可推知，女性购物者总是对意外的便宜货 (bargain) 很留意。deal交易；surprise惊奇；luck运气。答案：D17.A.after BasCbefore Dby解析：面对满屋子的衣服，女性购物者可能会很容易花一个小时从一个服装架走到另一个服装架才(before)会选中自己想要试穿(try on)的衣服。答案：C18A.try on Btry outCtry up Dtry for解析：参见上题解析。答案：A19A.tiring BenjoyableCboring Dgraceful解析：这个过程很烦人，但对女性购物者来说显然是一种令她们很愉悦的(enjoyable)过程。答案：B20A.customers BassistantsCwives Dhusbands解析：男士不愿意购物，因此大多数服装店总是给等待女士购物的丈夫们提供椅子。答案：D
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