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选修7Unit 2Robots.阅读理解ABefore I studied psychology, I used to think that people would laugh when funny things occurred. While I was right about that, I discovered there are lots of other psychological factors that make people laugh other than the funny part of a joke. When someone laughs at a joke, there will usually be more than one reason that makes him laugh and the more reasons there are, the more powerful the joke will be.I was attending a standup edy show in Egypt, and when the man started to make fun of pedestrians crossing streets, everyone laughed their heads off. The main reason why those people strongly laughed was that almost all of them felt angry towards pedestrians who crossed streets carelessly. The joke wasnt only funny, but it also made the audience feel that they were right about being angry at those pedestrians. That is, people were laughing both because of the funny joke and because of the happiness experienced as a result of the psychological support they got. The better a joke makes a person feel, and the more it includes other psychological factors, the more the person will like it. For example, if you envy one of your friends, and someone tells a joke that is funny and, at the same time, makes your friend seem stupid, then you will probably laugh at it louder than if you werent jealous of him.(第三段最后一句) In short, we dont laugh only when we hear something funny; we also laugh when we experience some kind of happiness that results from the other psychological factors involved in the joke. I strongly discourage you from making fun of anyone or belittling someone to make someone else laugh. All I want to explain is that if your joke supports a persons emotions, he will certainly like it a lot.【文章大意】本文主要分析了人们笑的原因。【难句分析】For example, if you envy one of your friends, and someone tells a joke that is funny and, at the same time, makes your friend seem stupid, then you will probably laugh at it louder than if you werent jealous of him.分析：本句是一个复合句。第一个if引导条件状语从句；that引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词a joke；第二个if引导虚拟条件句。译文：譬如，如果你妒忌你的一个朋友，有人讲了一个有趣同时让你朋友看起来傻乎乎的笑话，那么你有可能比你不妒忌他时笑得更大声。1. What did the author find out about studying psychology?AOnly good jokes make people laugh.BMany factors lead to peoples laughing.CFunny things can make people laugh.DLaughter can make people healthy.答案与解析：B考查细节理解。根据第一段第二句“While I was right about that, I discovered there are lots of other psychological factors that make people laugh other than the funny part of joke.”可知，作者在学了心理学之后发现，笑不仅仅是因为事情好笑，还有很多其他的心理因素的促成和影响，故选B。2. Why did the audience laugh loud at the pedestrians?AThey played a trick on the pedestrians.BThe pedestrians behaved in a funny way.CThey could feel the pedestrians happiness.DTheir emotion was approved of by the show.答案与解析：D考查推理判断。根据第二段最后一句“That is, people were laughing both because of the funny joke and because of the happiness experienced as a result of the psychological support they got.”可推知，人们对行人的行为大笑的原因是他们在心理上产生了共鸣，故选D。3. What does the underlined word “belittling” probably mean?AAnnoy. BBlame.CLook down on. DMake up to.答案与解析：C考查词义猜测。根据最后一段倒数第二句“I strongly discourage you from making fun of anyone or belittling someone to make someone else laugh.”可推知，动词belittle和短语make fun of是近义词，结合选项可知，应选C。annoy“使恼怒”；blame“责怪”；look down on“蔑视，瞧不起”；make up to“接近，奉承，补足”。4Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?答案与解析：B考查推理判断。结合全文可知，第一段导入话题；第二、三段通过具体事例进行分析；根据文章最后一段的开头“In short”可知，最后一段属于总结；由此可知，本文属于总分总的结构，符合本文结构的图表是B选项。BDonald John Trump(born June 14, 1946), is an American businessman and politician who became the President-elect of the United Stateson November 8, 2016. Since 1971 he has chairedThe Trump Organization, the principalholding panyfor his real estate ventures and other business interests. Duringhis business career, Trump has built office towers, hotels, casinos, golf courses, andother branded facilitiesworldwide.Trump was born and raised in New York City and received abachelors degreein economics from theWharton Schoolof the University of Pennsylvaniain 1968. In 1971, he was given control of his fatherFred Trumps real estate and construction firm. Trump has appeared at theMiss USApageants, which he owned from 1996 to 2015, and has madecameo appearancesin films and television series.Trump and his businesses, as well as his three marriages, have received prominent media exposure. He hosted a popularNBCreality show, The Apprentice, from 2004 to 2015. As of 2016, he was listed byForbesas the 324th wealthiest person in the world, and 156th in the United States, with a net worth of $3.7 billion in October 2016.Trump first campaigned for the U.S. presidency in2000, winning twoReform Partyprimaries. On June 16, 2015, Trump again announced his candidacy for president, this time as a Republican. Trump became known for his opposition toillegal immigrationandfree trade agreements, as well as his frequently non-interventionistviews on foreign policy, and quickly emerged as the Republican nomination front-runner. As of March 23, 2016, Trump has won 21 contests in the2016 Republican presidential primaries.He was elected as the 45th U.S. presidentin the2016 electionon theRepublicanticket, defeatingDemocraticnomineeHillary Clinton, andis scheduled to take officeon January 20, 2017. At 70 years old, he will be theoldest person to ever assume the presidency.1. This passage is mostly probably taken from _.A. a story bookB. a biography bookC. a science bookD. an advertisement2. Where is Donald Trumps hometown?A. LondonB. ParisC. New YorkD. Beijing3. From the passage, we can know that Donald Trump was _.A. wealthy and sucessfulB. intelligent but meanC. good-tempered and tolerantD. forgetful and sensitive4. We can learn from the passage that _.A. Donald Trump is only successful in business field. B. Donald Trump was born in a poor family.C. Donald Trump is in favor of illegal immigration.D. Donald Trump will be the oldest president of the United States.【文章大意】本文为人物传记。文章中主要介绍了美国总统特朗普。1. B【解析】文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文介绍的是美国新当选的总统特朗普。由此可推知，本文极可能来自与一本人物传记。故选B。2. C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的Trump was born and raised in New York City可知，特朗普的家乡是纽约。故选C。4. D【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的At 70 years old, he will be the oldest person to ever assume the presidency.可推知，特朗普将是历任美国总统中年龄最大的一位。故选D。二、七选五(2018湖南省部分重点中学考前演练)How to Wele Change in Your LifeDo you embrace (欣然接受) the road you are now on or resist and avoid change at all costs when a recent event has shaken you greatly? Here are things you can do in the midst of uncertainty to choose differently to change the track of your life.Dont react. What do we do when we dont know what to do? First, stop, take a deep breath and dont do anything. _1_ It is having faith and trusting what you do know in the unknown. Reflect on the past. Another activity is to recall times in your life when you were faced with an unknown. Then, think about how you handled the situation. _2_ Use your past experiences to bring you strength, and to remind you what you are capable of. Make conscious decisions. _3_ However, more possibilities open up when we are at peace. Go over your list of what ifs and make a more balanced list of the best and worst situations possible. Then talk to loved ones about what you would do in each situation and the choices you do have. _4_ We often see fears as our greatest enemy, yet they provide us with an enormous opportunity for selfgrowth. What if we were to see them as friends who want to help us bee a better person? Let your fears help you instead of hurting you. Then, write down what es to you. _5_ ADont panic.BBefriend your fears.CYou may be surprised by the answers.DWhen we are fearful, our options seem limited.EThen try to feel at ease with the state of “not knowing”FLearning from past failures helps you make better decisions.GRemembering these incidents will remind you that youve gone through difficult situations.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了迎接生活中的变化的几种方法。1答案与解析：E根据空前的“First, stop, take a deep breath and dont do anything.”及E项中的“with the state of not knowing”与空后的“in the unknown”的对应关系可知E项符合语境。2答案与解析：G根据本段的小标题“Reflect on the past.”及空前的“think about how you handled the situation”可知，空处应是与回忆过去的情况相关的内容，故G项符合语境。3答案与解析：D根据本段的小标题“Make conscious decisions.”及空处与空后的“However, more possibilities open up when we are at peace.”之间存在转折关系可知，D项“当我们害怕时，我们的选择似乎是受限的。”符合语境。4答案与解析：B根据最后一段的内容尤其是“What if we were to see them as friends who want to help us bee a better person.”可知，本段主要讲的是对待恐惧要如同对待朋友一样，而不要把它们看作敌人。故B项符合语境。5答案与解析：C根据空前的“Then，write down what es to you”可知，空处的内容有关写下这些东西的结果，故C项“你可能会对答案感到震惊。”符合语境。三、短文改错Jinan is facing seriously traffic problems.Too much cars travel on the roads.This heavy traffic causes delays and the plenty of air pollution.Besides Jinan，many cities in China have traffic problems and Beijing is the worse one.One of the reason why there is so much traffic is because only a small number of people use public transportation.In my opinion，one way to solve the traffic problems was to encourage people to make use public transportation systems.For example，people can take buses instead of drive cars.Meanwhile，the government should take measures to make them more reliable and convenient to travel by bus.【答案】Jinan is facing traffic problems.Too cars travel on the roads.This heavy traffic causes delays and plenty of air pollution.Besides Jinan，many cities in China have traffic problems and Beijing is the one.One of the why there is so much traffic is only a small number of people use public transportation.In my opinion，one way to solve the traffic problems to encourage people to make use public transportation systems.For example，people can take buses instead of cars.Meanwhile，the government should take measures to make more reliable and convenient to travel by bus.第一处：考查形容词。此处修饰名词短语“traffic problems”应用形容词。故seriously改为serious。第二处：考查形容词。此处修饰可数名词复数“cars”，应用many，而 much 修饰不可数名词。故much改为many。第三处：考查固定搭配。plenty of是固定搭配，意为“许多，大量”，前面没有the。故去掉the。第四处：考查形容词的比较等级。根据语境可知，此处指北京是交通问题最严重的，应用形容词的最高级。故worse改为worst。第五处：考查名词复数。one of后接可数名词的复数形式。故reason改为reasons。第六处：考查连接词。分析句子结构可知，此处引导表语从句，且在句中不作任何成分，应用that引导。故because改为that。第七处：考查动词时态。本篇文章主要以一般现在时为主，且主语“one way”是单数。故was改为is。第八处：考查固定搭配。make use of为固定搭配，意为“利用”。故在use后加of。第九处：考查非谓语动词。instead of后应接动名词。故drive改为driving。第十处：考查代词。此处使用了“make it形容词 to do sth.”的结构，其中it是形式宾语。故them改为it。四、语法填空(2018江西南昌十校二模)When I was an international student in China, I was lucky to experience Chinese New Year. The buildup was exciting as everywhere _1_ (decorate) with red.Some fellow students and I decided to travel from Xian to Guilin for the festival. Travel during that time is quite _2_ adventure many people journey home _3_ (see) their families and everywhere is very busy.On the eve of New Year, we watched the CCTV New Years Gala. Although we didnt really understand everything, it was good to be lost _4_ the atmosphere of the occasion! At New Year, families make _5_ (taste) dumplings together as part of the celebrations. On New Years Day, and for several weeks afterwards, you can hear firecrackers and fireworks everywhere, and the air _6_ (smell) strongly of dynamite (火药) and smoke. This was adventurous for us! Being in China during New Year somewhat meant _7_ (lonely) though it was a great experience. I can _8_ (absolute) explain it with how international students in the UK might feel at Christmas if _9_ (have) no loved ones around them. Overall, my first Chinese New Year was an amazing experience _10_ Ill never forget. 【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。作者在中国留学期间，曾经有幸和同学一起边旅行边体验中国的新年，这个经历使作者一直难以忘怀。1答案与解析：was decorated考查动词的时态和语态。准备过程令人激动，因为处处都装饰着红色。主句用了一般过去时，故从句也应用一般过去时。decorate与主语之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态。2答案与解析：an考查冠词。空前是quite，空后是名词，故可判断此处是“quite不定冠词名词”结构。当名词前没有形容词修饰时，quite要放在冠词前。3答案与解析：to see考查非谓语动词。很多人回家看望自己的家人。分析句子结构并根据句意可知，空处应是不定式作目的状语，故填to see。4答案与解析：in考查介词。尽管我们不能真的听懂所有的内容，但是沉浸于这种节日的气氛是极好的。be lost in sth.“沉浸于”，是固定搭配。5答案与解析：tasty考查形容词。家家都包美味的饺子。空处修饰dumplings，故用形容词tasty“美味的，好吃的”。6答案与解析：smells考查主谓一致和语态。主语是表示单数意义的the air，故谓语用第三人称单数形式。smell在此是系动词，意为“闻起来”，不能用于被动语态，故填smells。7答案与解析：loneliness考查名词。尽管新年期间待在中国是很美妙的经历，但它稍微让人感到孤单。mean是及物动词，后接名词作宾语。loneliness“寂寞，孤独”。8答案与解析：absolutely考查副词。空处修饰谓语动词explain，故用副词absolutely“完全地”。9答案与解析：having考查非谓语动词。本空难度较大，部分考生不确定此处的句子结构。认真分析句子结构可知，此处是“连词非谓语动词”结构，涉及“状语从句的省略”这一语法现象。非谓语动词的逻辑主语是主句的主语，即international students。have和international students之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词having。10答案与解析：that/which考查定语从句。总体来说，第一次在中国过新年是令人惊喜的经历，一个我永远不会忘怀的经历。空处引导定语从句，在从句中作宾语，先行词是experience，故用that或which。
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