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Unit 1Women of achievement必修四Unit 1Women of achievement【短文语法填空】Music festivals are popular across Africa. But this seems something few would have imagined possible in Goma. For years, the city 1 (link) to wars. The young people were tired of years of 2 (violent), and a youth group set out to organize a music festival 3 peace in the Democratic Republic of Congo. They decided to hold the event in the 4 (east) city of Goma.Their first attempt in 2013 was cancelled 5 Goma came under attack. But last year,25,000 people came to the city to hear their favorite artists play. And this year, some of Africas top musicians decided to attend.The crowd cheered 6 Habib Koite arrived for his performance. The smoke machines fired up. Some people stood one behind another, 7 (form) a line. Thousands of other people ate, drank and danced in the dust.Vianney Bisimwa was one of the 8 (organizer) of the festival. He says he and other young people wanted to change the image of Goma.Although the country is known for wars, it is also famous for 9 (it) music. Many local artists sing openly about the conflict. Vianney Bisimwa says this gives people 10 chance to express their feelings.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了刚果民主共和国一个长期战乱的城市戈马，年轻人为了和平几经努力终于办成音乐节的事。1.has been linked 【解析】考查动词。句意：这个城市已经和战争联系在一起数年了。2.violence 【解析】考查名词。介词of后面应用名词形式。3.for 【解析】考查介词。for表示为。句意：一个年轻人团体为了和平在刚果民主共和国组织了一次音乐节。4.eastern 【解析】考查形容词。修饰名词city应用形容词作定语。5.because 【解析】考查连词。第一次音乐节被取消是因为Goma遭受袭击。6.when 【解析】考查连词。句意：当哈比博来表演时，人群沸腾了。when表示当时，引导时间状语从句。7.forming 8.organizers 【解析】考查名词的数。句意：Vianney Bisimwa是音乐节的其中一个组织者。表示人用organizer，One of 后加名词复数形式，故填organizers。9.its 【解析】考查代词。修饰名词用形容词性物主代词。10.a 【解析】考查冠词。句意：这给了人们一次表达感情的机会。chance是可数名词，这里表示一次机会，故前面要加a。observe vt.观察；观测；遵守；庆祝(1)observe sb.do sth.观察某人做某事(全过程)observe sb.doing sth.观察某人正在做某事observe that.发现，观察(2)observe the speed limit 遵守车速限制observe Christmas(National Day) 庆祝圣诞节(国庆节)(3)observation n观察；观察力；观测under observation 在监视下(教材原句)She spent years observing and recording their daily activities.她花了多年的时间来观察并记录它们的日常活动。When we attend the parade to_observe (observe) National Day，we must observe the traffic regulation.If we observe someone running (run) a red light，we should stop him.当我们参加游行庆祝国庆节的时候必须遵守交通规则。如果我们看到有人闯红灯，我们就要阻止他。单句语法填空(2017江苏卷)This educational method was first observed (observe) in 2012 by Sonia Kleindorfer，a biologist at Flinders University in South Australia，and her colleagues.observe/watch/noticeobserve“观察”，从不同的角度长时间地看并研究watch“看，观看，特别留意”，感兴趣地看运动着的东西notice“看到，注意到，觉察到”，偶尔看到细小的但可能是重要的事情，强调无意注意argue vi.& vt.讨论；争论；争辩；说服；用辩论证明(1)argue for.为而争论；为而辩护argue against 争辩(反对)argue with sb.on/about/over sth.与某人争辩某事(2)argue sb.into/out of doing sth.说服某人做/不做某事persuade/talk sb.into/out of doing sth.说服某人做/不做某事(3)argue that.提出理由说明；主张(4)argument n争论；争辩；论点beyond argument 无可辩解It is beyond argument that.无可争辩的是，不容争辩的是(教材原句)She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements.她主张应该让野生动物留在野外生活，而不能用于娱乐或广告。The workers，who argued for their own rights，argued (argue) with the boss for a few days，but failed to_argue (argue) him into giving them a rise in wages.为了自身的权利争论的工人们同他们的老板辩论数日，结果没能说服老板给他们加薪。单句语法填空(2017全国卷)Some researchers argue (argument) that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. inspire vt.鼓舞；激励；引发；赋予灵感；激发(1)inspire sb.to do sth.encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事(2)inspiration n灵感；启发；鼓舞人的事或人(3)inspired adj.受到鼓舞的；有灵感的inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的；激励的(教材原句)She inspires those who want to cheer the achievements of women.她激励着那些为女性的成就而欢呼喝彩的人们。Creators consciously choose love，inspiration (inspire)，and other qualities which inspire not only themselves，but all around them.创造者有意识地选择爱、灵感和其他一些不仅鼓舞自己同时也鼓舞他们周围所有人的品质。The beauty of the West Lake inspired (inspire) a lot of poets to_write (write) their great poetry.西湖美景给了许多诗人灵感，从而创作出他们伟大的诗篇。intend vt.计划；打算(1)intend doing/to do sth.打算做某事intend sb.to do sth.打算让某人做某事intend that.(should)do sth.打算/主张had intended to do sth./intended to have done sth.本来打算做某事(2)be intended to do sth./for sth.为打算(或设计)的(3)intention n打算；计划have no intention to do/of doing sth.无意去做某事with an intention of doing sth.打算去做某事(教材原句)I looked carefully at the text and realized that it was intended for women in the countryside.我细细地看了这篇文章，了解到那是为农村妇女写的。(2016全国卷)The journey was_intended (intend) to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done.这次旅程打算取得超过Robert Falcon Scott船长所做到的那些。语境填词More and more people intend to_invest/investing (invest) here，so he intended her to_carry_out/do (carry out/do) some research there but she intended (intend) that he (should) do the task himself.单句语法填空(2017天津卷)You write an unkind message about someone，intending (intend) to send it to a friend, but accidentally send it to the person youre discussing.【七选五】Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries. 1 In general, they can expect to live six or seven years more than men. One reason for this is biological.One important biological factor that helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women. 2 Between the ages of about 12 and 50, women produce hormones that are involved in fertility(生育能力). These hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and blood flow. In fact, women are less likely to have high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks. 3 They help the body defend itself against some kinds of infections. This means that women generally ger sick less often and less seriously than men. The mon cold is a good example: women, on average, get fewer colds than men. 4 Scientists are still not exactly sure how influence aging, but they believe that they do. Some think that a womans body cells have a tendency(倾向) to age more slowly than a mans. Others think that a mans body cells have a tendency to age more quickly . 5 A. However,women,onaverage,livelonger.B. Thebiologicalfactorplaysanimportantpart. C.Womenarealsohelpedbytheirfemalegenes. D.Thefemalehormonesalsoprotectthebodyinanotherway. E.Recentresearchseemstosupportbothofthesepossibilities. F.Therefore,womenaremorehealthythanmenandcanliveabetterlife. G.Hormonesarechemicalswhichareproducedbythebodytocontrolcariousbodyfunctions.【语篇解读】本文介绍了女性比男性寿命长的原因。1.A 根据空格下一句 一般说，女性比男性多活6到7年可知此处的意思是：然而，女性平均比男性寿命更长。故选A。2.G 根据空格上句男性和女性之间荷尔蒙的不同帮助女性活得更久可知此空的意思是：荷尔蒙是身体分泌的控制身体各种功能的化学物质。故选G。3.D 根据下句它们帮助身体本身抵抗各种感染可知此空的意思是：女性荷尔蒙也用另一种方式保护身体。故选D。5.E 根据空格前两句一些人认为女性的身体细胞有比男性老化慢的倾向，另一些人认为男性的身体细胞有老化较快的倾向可知E项最近的研究似乎支持这两种可能符合题意。故选E。refer to 提到，说到；参考，参阅；指的是(1)refer.to.把提交给refer to.as.把当作refer sb.to sth.让(人)参考，让(人)参阅(2)reference n提及，涉及；参考，参考书目in/with reference to 关于(教材原句)Dont refer to that matter again.不要再提那件事了。He is_referred_to (refer to) as a living Lei Feng.他被称为一个活雷锋。I didnt know whom she was referring_to (refer to)我不知道她指的是谁。carry on 继续；保持；经营；进行(生意、谈话等)carry on with/doing sth.继续做某事carry off 赢得；获得(奖品、荣誉等)carry out 实行；执行；进行；履行(诺言、义务等)carry through 帮渡过(难关等)；维持；完成(教材原句)Why not study at medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and carry on her good work?为什么不像林巧稚一样在医学院学习并继续她的美好事业呢？If you carry on working (work) like that，youll break down sooner or later.如果继续那样工作，你迟早会累垮的。The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise，if carried_out (carry out) regularly，can improve our health.实验表明，如果经常性地进行适当的锻炼，能够改善我们的健康。单句语法填空(2017全国卷)She is determined to_carry (carry ) on with her education.【短文改错】With the development of science and technology，intelligent robots will be wide used in the future. At home，robots will help people do some housework and taking care of the elderly，babies and patients.In addition to these task，robots will even be able to play the chess and do exercise with people.In factories，robots will be used to perform some dangerous jobs avoid accidents.Robots will change our future life by many ways，what will make it more colorful and fortable.Therefore，we shouldnt depend on intelligent robots too much，for they were made to help humans rather than replace us.As helpers of we humans，robots should be used properly.【答案】With the development of science and technology，intelligent robots will be used in the future. At home，robots will help people do some housework and care of the elderly，babies and p atients.In addition to these ，robots will even be able to play chess and do exercise with people.In factories，robots will be used to perform some dangerous jobs avoid accidents.Robots will change our future life many ways， will make it more colorful and fortable.，we shouldnt depend on intelligent robots too much，for they made to help humans rather than replace us.As helpers of humans，robots should be used properly.第一处：widewidely。考查副词。修饰动词，故用副词。wide也可作副词，意为“尽可能广地”，不符合语境。第二处：takingtake。考查固定用法。根据该句中的“help people do some housework and”可知，此处应用原形；help sb.(to) do sth.为固定用法。第三处：tasktasks。考查名词的数。task为可数名词，根据该词前的these可知，应用复数形式。第四处：删除the。考查冠词。play chess为固定用法，意为“下象棋”；棋类名词前不用冠词。第五处：jobs后加to。考查动词不定式。在工厂里，机器人将被用于执行危险任务，以避免事故。分析句子结构可知，应用动词不定式表目的。第六处：byin。考查介词。in many ways意为“在很多方面”。第七处：whatwhich。考查关系代词。分析该句结构可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，且先行词为ways，故用which引导该定语从句。第八处：ThereforeHowever。考查副词。上句说，机器人将改变我们未来的生活，使我们的生活多彩而舒适；该句说，我们不能过度依赖智能机器人；据此可知，两句间为转折关系，故用However。第九处：wereare。考查动词的时态。机器人是被用来帮助人类的，而不是来代替人类的。该句陈述的是客观事实，故用一般现在时。第十处：weus。考查代词。of后接宾语，故用宾格us。Once I stop，it all es crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories.我一旦停下来，所有的一切都会涌上心头，我就会想起实验室里的黑猩猩。(1)once conj.一就；一旦，相当于as soon as，常用一般现在时表示将要发生的动作。(2)表示“一就”意义的结构还有：no sooner.than.，hardly/scarcely.when.，directly，immediately，the second，the moment，the instant等。(2015北京卷)Once the damage is_done (do)，it will take many years for the farmland to recover.一旦农田被毁，将需要许多年的时间才能得以恢复。Once (it_is)_seen (see)，it can never be forgotten.见一次就永远不会忘记。Bad habits，once formed (form)，are difficult，and sometimes impossible to shake off.坏习惯一旦形成就很难改掉，有时就不可能改掉。Suddenly it_hit_me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time.突然我想起，在那个年代，一个女子去学医是多么困难啊。句中使用“It hit(s)me从句”结构，意思是“我突然想到”，it在句中作形式主语。类似的结构还有：It occurs to sb.that.(某人)突然想到It strikes sb.that.(某人)突然想到It happens that.碰巧It didnt occur to him that she would refuse his invitation.他没有想到她会拒绝他的邀请。Then it hit me why this scene was so familiar to me!这时我突然明白，为什么这幅景象让我觉得如此熟悉。After hospital life for a week it struck (strike) me that nothing is more important than health.住院一个星期后我突然了解到没有比健康更重要的东西了。Why not.为什么不？何不做呢？此句型主要用于向别人提出建议。Why(not)do sth.？为什么不做某事呢？Why dont you do？你为什么不做某事？(可与why not 通用，实际意思是提出“去做某事”的建议)Why do？为何做？(表示责难或不同意)Why ever？究竟为什么？(用于问句，语带惊讶)Why so？怎么会这样？Why dont (do) we go together?我们为什么不一起去？Why use (use) my book again?为什么又用我的书？(1)Why dont you do.？可以改为Why not do.？但Why didnt you do.？则不能改为Why not do.?(2)why not 还可以用于口语中，表示“好啊；当然；请(别客气)”。【阅读理解】When I was in the sixth grade, I became a big K-pop (Korean pop) fan. Almost half the students at my middle school were Korean and almost all of them listened to Korean music, especially K-pop. I had never been interested in it. It sounded too strange to me, but all changed in the sixth grade when the huge hit Gee came out. All my friends were singing the chorus and imitating the dance. Gee fever sucked me into K-pop. It became my life. I listened to K-pop non-stop and filled my iPod with it. In a month, I had memorized the names of countless members of boy and girl bands and stuck pictures of my singer boyfriends on my walls. I would ditch my weekend art and math classes and go to concerts with my friends. This would always result in my mom shouting that I was wasting my life. My mom thought K-pop was trash and wanted me to like classical music as she did. But classical music made me sleepy.Every day during middle school I went to a K-pop gossip and news site called allkpop. On this site I learned that I could audition(试音) to bee a singer in a K-pop band. The shining clothes, thousands of screaming fans and hearing them chant my name seemed much more exciting than being a middle school student. Being a K-pop star was all I wanted.I started watching the audition videos of current stars and reading blog posts from people who had auditioned. They explained much about the audition. This made me want to audition even more. After watching those videos, I saw that most of the current stars werent that amazing in their auditions and that each singer had improved so much through training. I had never had vocal lessons(声乐课) and didnt think of myself as a good singer. But if they could do it, I could do that too, I thought.1.What caused the author to fall in love with K-pop?A. Her Korean origin.B.A new style of dance.C. Her friends influence.D. The popularity of Gee.2.The underlined word ditch in Paragraph 1 probably means _.A. forgetB. attendC. ignoreD. hate3.What do we know about the authors mother?A. She has no interest in music.B. She has a low opinion of K-pop.C. She doesnt care about her daughter.D. She prefers K-pop to classical music.4.After visiting allkpop., the author _.A. dreamed of being a pop singerB. called the manager of the news siteC. contacted people who had auditionedD. knew she would never bee a singer【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。大多数人都认为肿瘤科护士这一职业是让人感到很压抑的，然而我却挚爱着这个职业。有时会有病人痊愈的奇迹发生，而我就是这奇迹创造过程中的一分子。1.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句可知,当奇迹发生时,我就是这个奇迹创造过程中的一分子。因此D项正确。2.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段可知,在我当护士的16年中,总是有人在问同样的问题:当肿瘤科的护士不令人感到沮丧吗?这说明大多数人不喜欢这个职业。因此A项正确。4.A 【解析】标题归纳题。全文主要谈论的是我选择护士职业的理由，因此A项正确。而B项作为文章标题过大；C项以偏概全，不能作为文章的标题；D项显然是对医院的阐述，不符合语篇主旨。
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