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Unit 3 Understanding each other(一)课前自主学习.阅读单词知其意1endofterm n 学期末2bridegroom n. 新郎3stove n. 炉子，火炉4offence n纵联1 冒犯；侮辱5firework n. 焰火，烟花6minority n纵联2 少数民族；少数，少数人7feast n. 盛宴，宴会；节日8mask n. 面具vt. 伪装，掩饰9carve vt. 雕刻10steam vt.& vi. 蒸，蒸发n. 蒸汽11claw n. 爪，爪子12roast vt. 烤，烘焙adj. 烤的，焙的13mustard n. 芥末；芥末酱14barbecue n. 户外烧烤15arrow n. 箭；箭头标记.重点单词写其形1adjust vi.& vt. 适应，习惯；调整，调节2expectation n. 期望，盼望3familiar adj. 通晓；熟悉4ensure vt. 保证，担保，确保5account n纵联3 描述，叙述；账目6alike adj.adv.纵联4 相像，十分相似十分相像地；同样地7throughout prep.& adv. 自始至终；贯穿整个时期；各处， 遍及8retell vt. 复述，转述9hug vt.& vi.& n. 拥抱，抱紧10wedding n. 婚礼11reception n. 招待会；接待；接受12gesture n. 手势；姿势；示意动作13plain n. 平原adj. 清楚的，明显的；坦诚的；朴素的14mysterious adj. 神秘的，奇怪的.拓展单词通其变1greet vt.和某人打招呼(或问好)greeting n招呼；问候；问候语2congratulate vt.向(某人)道贺，祝贺congratulation n祝贺；贺词3permit vt.& vi.允许，准许 n许可证permission n允许，许可4prohibit vt.(尤指以法令)禁止prohibition n禁止；禁令5religion n宗教religious adj.宗教的；虔诚的6accustomed adj.习惯于；惯常的accustom vt.使习惯于7celebration n庆典；庆祝活动celebrate v庆祝8slight adj.轻微的slightly adv.轻微地；稍微地9bravery n勇敢brave adj.勇敢的bravely adv.勇敢地；极好地10govern vt.统治；控制，支配governor n主管人员；统治者government n政府 11musical adj.音乐的 n音乐剧music n音乐，乐曲纵联1.打入“犯罪”团伙offence n. 冒犯，犯罪crime n. 违法行为或罪行criminal n. 罪犯guilt n. 犯罪，有罪纵联2.“adj.ityn.”荟萃popularity 受欢迎；流行reality 现实similarity 相似点security 安全majority 大多数minority 少数纵联3.拜访“金融”部落account 账目；账户budget 预算(案)capital 资金；资本cheque 支票interest 利息finance 财政，金融纵联4.“相似”词有哪些？resemble vt. 与相似similar adj. 相似的equally adv. 同样地identically adv. 相等地alike adj. 相像，十分相似 adv. 同样地；十分相像地单元话题文化差异子话题1外在表现barrier n. 障碍controversial adj. 有争议的，有争论的collision n. 碰撞；冲突；(意见、看法的)抵触crisis n. 危机dilemma n. 困境，窘境；进退两难plicated adj. 难懂的，复杂的conflict n. 冲突misunderstand vt. 误会子话题2影响与反应implication n. 牵连，卷入essential adj. 基本的，必要的fundamental adj. 基本的，根本的embarrassing adj. 令人尴尬的condemn vt. 谴责，声讨appropriate adj. 适当的；恰当的munication n. 交流cooperation n. 合作forgive and forget 既往不咎，尽释前嫌学考对接活学活用高考采撷(一)阅读中的词汇应用1(2017全国卷阅读C)Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s, according to Robert Mann, an airline industry expert. But Mann thinks Terrafugia has e closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality. The government has already permitted the pany _ (use) special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.用所给词的适当形式填空：to_use；“允许某人做某事”的表达为permit_sb._to_do_sth.或者permit_ones_doing_sth.用本单元词汇替换加黑短语：ensure2(2015四川高考阅读B)Determined, Dad filled our plates with _ (steam) stew and passed them around. It didnt look that bad, and after the first wave had shut down my ability to smell, it didnt offend the nose so much, either. I took a taste. It would never win a prize in a cooking petition， but it was surprisingly edible, and we drank up every last drop of soup!用所给词的适当形式填空：steaming；本句中短语fill .with .意为“用装满”，常用其被动结构：be_filled_with，同义短语为：be_full_of写出加黑词在本单元的同根名词：offence写出本单元中与加黑词汇后缀相同的单词：reception,_celebration高考采撷(二)写作中的词汇应用(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)1(2017江苏高考书面表达)新技术的应用以及影星的巨大魅力也能解释这种增长。(account)The_application_of_new_technologies_and_the_wide_appeal_of_movie_stars_could_also_account_for_the_increase.2(2016浙江高考书面表达)当她即将出发时，一个熟悉的影子突然出现在她的视线中。(familiar)A_familiar_shadow_suddenly_came_into_her_sight_when_she_was_about_to_set_off. (二)课堂重点释疑1ensure vt.& n保证；担保 记牢ensure sth.保证某事ensure sb. sth. 保证/确保某人(得到)某物ensure sb. from/against . 保护某人免受的伤害ensure that .make sure that .确保/保证练通句型转换The teachers spared no effort to ensure an equal chance to all students.The teachers spared no effort to ensure that all students had an equal chance.The teachers spared no effort to make sure that all students had an equal chance. 完成句子We must ensure_our_children_against contamination by bad ideas.我们必须保护我们的孩子免受坏思想的侵蚀。To_ensure_food_safety,_the government has promised to reduce the amount of chemicals used in food production.为了确保食品安全，政府已经承诺减少生产食品时所用化学物质的数量。写美(2015陕西高考书面表达)我保证我绝对不会辜负你的期望。I_ensure_that_I_can_perfectly_live_up_to_your_expectations.2congratulate vt.向(某人)道贺，祝贺记牢(1)congratulate sb. on/upon (doing) sth. 祝贺某人(做了)某事congratulate oneself (on sth.)(因成就或成功)为自己感到骄傲或自豪(2)congratulation n. 祝贺；(复数)贺词(send/offer) congratulations to sb. on sth. 祝贺某人某事Congratulations! 恭喜！练通单句语法填空/单句改错I want to express my sincere congratulations (congratulate) on your doing so well in the exam.She congratulated him on the birth of his son.You can congratulate you on having done an excellent job.第二个youyourself一句多译我一定得祝贺你荣任经理之职。I must congratulate_you_on your appointment as a manager. (congratulate)I must offer/send_my_congratulations_to_you_on your appointment as a manager.(congratulation)辨清congratulate“祝贺；道贺”，只能用人作宾语，若要表明所祝贺的事情，后面要用on/upon连接，构成congratulate sb. on/upon sth.celebrate举行仪式、典礼的“庆祝”，只能用事(节日、胜利、成功等)作宾语写美(2017天津高考书面表达)我为自己成为8月底在天津举办的第13届全运会的志愿者而感到自豪。I_congratulate_myself_on_being_a_volunteer_of_the_13th_National_Games_held_in_Tianjin_at_the_end_of_August.3permit vt.& vi.允许，准许n.许可证记牢(1)permit (doing) sth.允许(做)某事permit sb. (to do) sth. 允许某人(做)某事time/weather permittingif time/weather permits 时间/天气允许的话(2)a drivers/driving permit 驾驶执照(3)permission n. 允许；许可without permission 未经许可ask for permission 请求允许练通单句语法填空Employees are permitted to_use (use) the golf course during their free hours.You should know that no photos are to be taken of the exhibits without permission (permit)The rules of the school do not permit parking (park) near the school gate.单句改错Time permitted, I may go hiking with my friends.permittedpermittingYoure not allowed to drive if you dont have a permission. permissionpermit句型转换If weather permits, we will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.Weather permitting,_we will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.用准permit 充当名词时为可数名词，意为“许可证”；permission 为不可数名词，意为“许可”。写美(2017浙江高考书面表达)如果天气允许的话，我们将在树林里野餐。Well_have_a_picnic_in_the_woods,_weather_permitting/if_weather_permits.联想动词permit 的常见用法为permit doing sth./sb. to do sth.，其他用法类似的动词还有：allow, forbid, advise, encourage等。4prohibit vt.(尤指以法令)禁止，不准；阻止记牢(1)prohibit (doing) sth.禁止(做)某事prohibit sb.s doing sth./prohibit sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事(2)prohibition n. 禁止，阻止；禁令a prohibition on/against 的禁令练通单句语法填空Traffic regulations prohibit people from riding bicycles on the sidewalk.We prohibit smoking (smoke) in the office during working hours.There is a prohibition on/against tobacco advertising in newspapers and magazines.写美(2009广东高考书面表达)我认为有必要禁止游客与动物拍照，从而为它们提供一个舒适的生活环境。I_think_it_necessary_to_prohibit_tourists_taking_pictures_with_animals,_making_a_fortable_environment_for_them_to_live.联想“禁止/阻止某人做某事”的表达还有：discourage sb. from doing sth. ban sb. from doing sth.prevent sb. (from) doing sth.keep sb. from doing sth.forbid sb. from doing sth. stop sb.(from) doing sth.5adjust vi.& vt.适应，习惯；调整，调节辨清写出下列句中adjust的含义First adjust the height of the bicycle saddle properly.调节，调整I think that you will quickly adjust to them although the weather and the food are different from yours.适应记牢(1)adjust to (doing) sth.适应(做)某事adjust oneself to 使自己适应于adjust sth. to 调整某物以适应(2)adjustment n. 调整；调节；适应make an adjustment/adjustments to 对作出调整(3)adjustable adj. 可调整的，可调节的练通用adjust的适当形式填空All the new chairs are adjustable,_which can be_adjusted to the height of the individual student. In addition, the adjustment is very easy to operate. It only takes you a short while to_adjust to using it. 单句改错She must adjust her to new conditions.herherselfMy parents had trouble adjusting to live in an apartment.liveliving完成句子He will have to make_major_adjustments_to_his_thinking if he is to survive in office.要想保住工作，他就必须在观念上作出重大的改变。写美(2018北京高考书面表达)这样，你可以使自己很快适应北京的生活。That_way,_you_may_adjust_yourself_to_the_life_here_in_Beijing_soon.6accustomed adj.习惯于；惯常的记牢(1)be accustomed to (doing) sth. be used to (doing) sth. 习惯(做)某事(表状态)get/bee accustomed to (doing) sth. get/bee used to (doing) sth. 习惯(做)某事(表动作)(2)accustom vt. 使习惯于accustom oneself to (doing) sth. 使自己习惯于(做)某事练通单句语法填空As we all know, English people are accustomed/used to driving (drive) on the left.To breathe in more fresh air, you must accustom yourself (you) to getting up early.Accustomed(accustom)to living in the countryside, I found it hard to live in the city. 句型转换We had to get used to the new working conditions.We had to accustom ourselves to the new working conditions.We had to get/bee accustomed to the new working conditions.用准短语be/bee/get accustomed to中的to是介词，其后需要跟名词、代词或动词ing形式。写美(2014天津高考书面表达)你将度过一段美好的时光，并且不久就会习惯这里的生活。You_will_have_a_good_time_and_get_accustomed_to_the_life_here_soon.7familiar adj.通晓；熟悉记牢be familiar with .精通，熟悉be familiar to sb. 为某人所熟悉练通句型转换They are not familiar with charity work, which is still at an early stage in China.Charity work, which is still at an early stage in China, is not familiar to them.The city is quite familiar to him because he is a native of it.He is quite familiar with the city because he is a native of it.用准be familiar to的主语可以是人，也可以是物，宾语通常是人；be familiar with的主语只能是人，宾语是所熟悉的内容或物。写美(2015天津高考书面表达)我相信这些捐赠的图书不仅能使你更熟悉中国，而且有助于提高你的汉语。 I_believe_these_donated_books_will_not_only_make_you_more_familiar_with_China_but_help_enhance_your_Chinese.8account n描述，叙述；报道；账户 v说明；解释；认为辨清写出下列句中account的词性和含义An old soldier gave us a vivid account of the Long March.n.叙述 Some banks make it difficult to open an account, which is especially for the old.n.账户His account of the incident approximates to that of the other witness.n.报道We all account him a qualified teacher, and he is also respected by his students.v.认为 Can you account for your movements on that night？v.解释记牢(1)on account of由于；因为on no account 决不(置于句首时，句子用部分倒装)take . into account/considerationtake account of 考虑(2)account for 说明(原因等)；(作出)解释；占(比例)练通单句语法填空It is said that body language accounts for 55 percent of a first impression while what you say just 7 percent.He is in a state of deep depression on account of his failure in the exam.完成句子He had to leave his beloved basketball team on_account_of_his_injured_legs.由于腿伤他不得不离开自己深爱的篮球队。On no account can_we_ignore the value of knowledge, as well as practical experience.我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值，以及实际的经验。用准on no account意为“决不”，放在句首时常引起句子的部分倒装，有类似用法的短语还包括：by no means, in no way, in no case, on no condition, under no circumstances, at no time等。写美(2014浙江高考书面表达)我真诚地希望你会考虑我的建议。I_sincerely_hope_that_you_will_take_my_suggestions_into_account/consideration.词汇过关综合训练.单词拼写1He hugged (拥抱) her and handed her a bouquet of beautiful roses.2Due to the present price level, we cannot help but adjust (调整) our offer.3He, together with his bride, would like all of you to be present at his wedding (婚礼)4It snowed throughout (自始至终) the night. The whole town was covered with snow.5Retell (复述) what happened on the island one early morning in autumn.6Unfortunately the new software has failed to meet expectations (期望)7I thought it was a great way to study gestures (手势)8I know from their greetings (问候) how much they expected of me.9The mother found that her son had a musical (音乐的) talent.10There are many mysterious (神秘的) stories about the Egyptian pyramids.单句语法填空1Innocent people get into trouble on account of others misfortune.2It is not an easy thing to get accustomed to_living (live) in a pletely strange environment.3Passengers are permitted to_carry (carry) only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.4Local zoning laws prohibit building (build) near property lines.5I want to express my sincere congratulations (congratulate) on your success.6He was familiar to me but I couldnt think of his name at once. 7His manner was slightly (slight) rude, but you neednt mind.8We all think she should be praised for her bravery (brave). 9Weve had to make some adjustments (adjust) to our original calculations.10The Chinese munity here are shooting off fireworks in celebration (celebrate) of the Chinese New Year.单句改错1While planning the development strategy, we must take the overall situation in account.ininto2We will throw a party to congratulate to him on his promotion.去掉第二个to3He wants to do well in his studies and adjust the new culture.adjust后加to4I have been accustomed to get up early in the morning since I came to senior high school.getgetting5It was the bad weather that prohibited them in going to the science museum.infrom.一句多译1他总是乐于帮助他人，因此在这儿大家都熟悉他。(familiar)He is always willing to help others, so everyone here is_familiar_with_him.He is always willing to help others, so he is_familiar_to_everyone here.2我们必须保证饮用水的纯净。We must ensure_the_purity_of_drinking_water. (ensure sth.)We must ensure_that_drinking_water_is_pure. (ensure that)We must make_sure_that_drinking_water_is_pure.(make sure that)3如果天气条件允许，我们明天就去长城。If_weather_permits,_we will go to the Great Wall tomorrow.(if从句)Weather_permitting,_we will go to the Great Wall tomorrow.(独立主格)(一)课前自主学习1let_alone更不用说2show_sb._around 带某人参观、游览3take_up串记1 占据(时间或空间)4have_power_over 控制，支配5be_aware_of 知道，意识到6shake_hands_with_sb. 与某人握手7be_home_to 为的所在地/栖息地/家园8adjust_to 适应9be_familiar_with串记2 对熟悉；通晓10provide_._with_. 给提供11be_supposed_to_do_sth. 应该做某事12get_accustomed_to_(doing)_sth. 习惯(做)某事13after_all串记3 毕竟，终究14do_without 没有也行15belong_to 属于16take_place 发生；举行17congratulate_sb._on_sth. 祝贺某人某事18be_connected_with 与有联系19meet_with 遇见，碰到同根短语串记串记1.“v.up”短语大阅兵take up 占据(时间或空间)pack up 打包build up 逐渐增加bring up 抚养；使长大set up 建立；竖立put up 建造；举起；张贴make up 组成；虚构；弥补；化妆e up 走近；上来；上升；被提出give up 放弃break up 打碎；拆散；结束串记2.“beadj.with”高频短语be familiar with 对熟悉be satisfied with 对满意be mad with 因发疯be bored with 厌烦be busy with 忙于be popular with 受欢迎be angry with 对发怒be strict with 对要求严格be patient with 对耐心be content with 对满意串记3.结识all相关短语after all 毕竟，终究in all 总共，合计all in all 总的来说，大体而言at all 根本；完全above all 首先，最重要的1a number of years 很多年2in the future 将来3sound like 听起来像4get into trouble 陷入困境5have no idea 不知道6minority cultures 少数民族文化7on this trip 在这次旅行中8at the endofterm ceremony 在期末庆典上1Many foreigners have_trouble_getting accustomed to it. 很多外国人很难习惯这一点。2One_reason_why there are so many French words in English is_that the French ruled England for quite a number of years. 英语里有如此多的法语词汇的一个原因是法国人曾统治英格兰相当长一段时间。3They dislike_it_when people do not look at the cards, so remember not to just put them in your pocket without looking. 他们不喜欢人们不看名片，所以要记住，不要看都不看就把名片塞进口袋。学考对接活学活用高考采撷(一)阅读中的词块和句式(完成句子)1(2015全国卷阅读C)The visitor will enter the World of Dali through an egg and is_met_with (与相遇) the beginning, the world of birth.2(2015北京高考阅读七选五)Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being_unaware_of_(不知道) whats happening around them.高考采撷(二)写作中的短语和句式(根据提示翻译句子)1(2016江苏高考书面表达)很多人不喜欢别人催促他们给那些他们甚至不在意的比赛进行网上投票。(dislike it从句)Many_people_dislike_it_when_they_are_urged_to_cast_online_votes_for_petitions_that_they_even_dont_care.2(2009江苏高考书面表达)对于大多数人来说，没有鼠标操作电脑几乎是不可能的，更不用说上网了。(let alone)For_most_people,_its_almost_impossible_to_operate_a_puter_without_a_mouse,_let_alone_surf_the_Internet.(二)课堂重点释疑短语集释take up 占据(时间或空间)；开始从事；拿起；接受；继续辨清写出下列句中take up的含义Are you going to take up the challenge of lasting a whole week without arguing？接受The aim was not to take up valuable time with the usual boring pictures.占据She took up the story where Tim had left off.继续I always take up the book and read when I am in low spirits.拿起He will take up his post as the head of the civil courts at the end of next month.开始从事记牢take in吸收；领会，理解；欺骗take back 收回(说过的话)；退回(货物)；与重归于好take down 写下；拆除take on 呈现(新面貌)；开始雇用；承担责任练通选用上述短语填空I was taken_in by the salesman the car turned out to be uneconomical and unreliable.We cant take_on any more work were fully stretched at the moment.Emerson would always take_down new ideas that occurred to him.He would neither apologize nor take_back what he had said.写美(2011四川高考书面表达)我认为参加课后活动没有占据太多的时间。I_dont_think_taking_part_in_afterclass_activities_has_taken_up_too_much_time.句式集释1have trouble (in) doing sth.教材原句Many foreigners have_trouble_getting accustomed to it. 悟拓展例句(1)The experts are trying to find out the reason why many teenagers have_trouble_(in)_municating_with their parents.专家们正在努力地弄清楚为什么很多青少年和父母交流有困难。(2)Whenever we have_trouble_with_our_studies,_our teachers help us patiently.每逢我们在学习上遇到困难，老师总是耐心辅导。析用法规则用法归纳(1)have trouble (in) doing sth.意为“做某事有困难”，trouble为不可数名词，前面可加修饰词much, little, no等。trouble可换用difficulty(不可数名词)，意思不变。(2)have trouble/difficulty with sth.“做某事有困难”，后为名词时，前用介词with。注意事项对于句式have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth.的考查，常把trouble/difficulty 提前，后跟定语从句，省略介词in，导致have与后面的动名词连在一起，做题时要注意辨别。You cant imagine what great difficulty we have ever had dealing with the problems.背写作佳句(1)(2018浙江高考写作佳句)I can speak fluent English and I have little trouble municating with foreigners.(要点句)(2)(2017全国卷满分作文)You can turn to me whenever you have trouble in understanding Tang poems.(总结句)2One reason why . is that . 教材原句One_reason_why there are so many French words in English is_that the French ruled England for quite a number of years.悟拓展例句(1)The reason why he got so angry was that he found his son lying to him.他如此生气的原因是他发现儿子在对他撒谎。(2)The reason that/which he explained at the meeting was that he didnt catch the first bus.他在会议上解释的理由是他没有赶上早班车。(3)Why dont you believe the reason that my car was held up in the traffic jam?你为什么不相信我堵车了这个理由呢？析用法规则用法归纳(1)reason后的定语从句缺状语，用关系副词why或for which引导。(2)reason后的定语从句缺主语或宾语，用关系代词that/which引导。(3)the reason后接同位语从句解释其内容时，引导词用that。注意事项(1)That/This/It is why . “那/这就是的原因”，why从句表示结果；That/This/It is because . “那/这是因为”，because从句表示原因。There was a lot of work to do. That is why I didnt go to the cinema that day.有很多工作要做。那就是我那天没去看电影的原因。(2)主语为名词reason时，表语从句中的连接词要用that/which，而不用why或because。背写作佳句(1)(2016全国卷满分作文)The reason why I cant go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon is that I have to attend an important meeting that afternoon.(开头句)(2)(2015浙江高考写作佳句)The main reason why I choose to give it up is that being brought up in a culture emphasizing collectivism, I tend to sacrifice my own interest for the group benefit.(要点句)词块、句式过关综合训练.选词填空provide . with ., do without, take up, be aware of, let alone, get accustomed to, show sb. around, be supposed to1I havent decided on the menu yet, let_alone bought the food.2My classmates took the time to show me around and introduce some of their friends to me.3We are_aware_of the potential problems and have take
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